RU2402719C1 - Device for solar to electric energy conversion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device for solar to electric energy conversion contains a thermoelectric generator, a cooling system including an electric pump, a comparator unit and a control unit. Additionally, it may contain convex lenses mounted on a platform so that to enable sunbeams receipt and focusing on the hot junctions heat exchanger of the thermoelectric generator; a platform mounted on the executive mechanism with a worm-and-wheel gearbox so that to enable synchronous rotation with an electronic clock round the sun; temperature sensors mounted on the hot and cold junctions and connected to the heat relay and the comparator unit; an electronic thermoregulator connected to the channels for delivery and discharge of cooling water; an electric fan whose input is connected to the power supply unit via the heat relay while its output is connected to the hot junctions heat exchanger. The electric energy produced is supplied to consumers via batteries.

EFFECT: device for solar to electric energy conversion enables production of solar energy during the spring-summer-autumn season.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of energy conservation and can be used by individual farms to provide their enterprise with additional cheap electricity, as well as by large companies that allow the construction of large thermoelectric generators.

Known utility model "Device for the exhaust gas recirculation of marine diesel" [1]. This device contains a thermoelectric generator, the hot junctions of which are interfaced with the exhaust pipe, and the cold junctions through the heat exchanger are connected to the overboard water cooling system. The disadvantage of this device is that the device only works when the diesel engine. In addition, the electricity received is used only by ship consumers and cannot be used for terrestrial consumers.

The closest technical solution is [2] "Device for generating electric energy and heat recovery in remote and inaccessible areas." The device comprises a thermoelectric generator and a gas boiler. The gas boiler transfers heat to the hot junctions of the thermoelectric generator, and the cold junctions of the thermoelectric generator are cooled by water.

The main disadvantage of this device is that the device for generating electricity consumes gas, so the thermoelectric generator is inefficient.

The claimed invention solves the problem of obtaining cheap electrical energy by using thermal solar energy.

The technical result in this case is the creation of a thermoelectric generator operating without the consumption of energy resources.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for converting solar energy into electrical energy, comprising a thermoelectric generator, a cooling system including an electric pump, a comparison unit, a control unit, further comprises convex lenses mounted on the platform with the possibility of receiving sunlight and focusing sunlight on the heat exchanger hot junctions of thermoelectric generator; a platform mounted on an actuator with a worm gear with the possibility of synchronous rotation with an electronic clock around the sun; temperature sensors mounted on hot and cold junctions connected with thermal relays and a comparison unit; electronic thermostat associated with cooling water supply and drain channels; an electric fan, the input of which is connected through a thermal relay to the power supply, the output is connected to the heat exchanger of the hot junctions. In addition, the device includes a mechanism for turning convex lenses.

In the drawings (figures 1, 2, 3), a device for converting solar energy into electrical energy is presented.

The device contains (see Fig. 1, 2, 3) a platform 1, an actuator with a worm gear 2, a foundation 3, a thermoelectric generator 4, convex lenses 5; electric pump 6; electric fan 7; control unit 8 thermal relays 9, 10; temperature controller 11; power supply 12; block comparison 13, 14; the setter 15; electronic clock 16, electric rotation sensor platform 17; rotary mechanism 18; temperature sensors of hot junctions 19 and cold junctions 20; the sun's rays 21; rechargeable batteries 22; thermoelectric modules 23, electrical insulating gaskets 24, 25; heat exchangers of hot and cold junctions 26, 27; mounting screws 28; channels for supplying cooling water 29, 30 and outlet 31, 32; air supply channel 33; power supply channels 34, 35, 36, 37, 38; signal supply channels 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46; channels for the removal of developed electricity 47, 48; air exhaust channel 49; transparent canopy device 50.

Convex lenses and a thermoelectric generator 4 are installed on platform 1. Automation elements can be installed both on the platform and outside it. Since the proposed thermoelectric generator 4 operates only in the daytime, i.e. about 12 hours, the angle of rotation of the shaft is 180. The electric pump 6 is installed outside the platform and connected to the water supply network through channel 29. For channels 30, 32, the platform has guide grooves I and II made on the circumference of a given radius (see Fig. 2). Such a constructive solution allows providing heat removal from cold junctions of thermoelectric modules by 23 channels of cooling water 30, 32 when the platform 1 is rotated according to a given program. The heat transferred from the cold junctions 27 to the cooling water can be used for domestic purposes or can be directed to drain through channel 32.

Since the sun's rays change their direction during the day, to receive these rays with convex lenses 5 during the operation of the device, platform 1 moves synchronously, i.e. rotates together with the electronic clock 16 around the sun, for example, in a relay-pulse mode.

The sun's rays from spring to autumn in height change their position, for example, in April, the sun's rays are slightly lower to the earth's surface than in June. To correct this position, a rotation mechanism 18 is provided, which can rotate convex lenses 5 to the desired position at any time of the year. The same mechanism 18 can be used to correct the sun's rays 21 with respect to the convex lenses 5 during the day.

Thermoelectric generator 4 (see figure 3) consists of thermoelectric modules 23, electrical insulating gaskets 24, 25; heat exchangers for hot and cold junctions 26, 27 made of copper or aluminum, which press thermoelectric modules 23 to the required pressure using fixing screws 28. To increase the thermal conductivity, the heat exchange surfaces of heat exchangers 26, 27 can be made of different designs.

As a result of focusing sunlight on the surface of the heat exchanger 26, the temperature rises sharply to the operating value. If the temperature of the hot junctions rises above the permissible value, the hot junctions can melt. To eliminate this factor, an electric fan 7 is provided in the device, which, when the temperature of the hot junctions rises above the permissible value, is turned on and supplies air (see FIGS. 1, 3) to the heated surface of the heat exchanger 26 through the channel 47 and removes excess heat from the hot junctions of the thermoelectric module 23 on channel 49 to the atmosphere. To simplify the design of the air supply to the hot junctions of the thermoelectric generator, it is recommended to install the electric fan 7 on the platform 1.

To protect against rainfall, the device is placed in a transparent room 50, which for the passage of sunlight can have windows (in figures 1, 2, 3 windows are not shown).

The number of convex lenses 5 and thermoelectric modules depends on the need for electricity.

A device for converting solar energy into electrical energy works as follows.

The device operates in the spring-summer-autumn time in clear weather during the daytime, for example, from 6 hours to 18 hours. At night, when there is no sunlight, the device is in the off state.

In the morning, for example, at 8 o’clock in the autumn or at 6 o’clock in the summer, the sun's rays pass through the convex lens 5, are refracted, focused on the surface of the heat exchanger 26 and it is heated. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the heat exchanger 26, the received heat instantly spreads over its entire volume, as a result of heat exchange, this heat is transferred through the heat-conducting gasket 24 to the hot junctions of the thermoelectric modules 23 (see Fig. 3) and they are heated. The temperature of the hot junctions of thermoelectric modules is controlled by an electric temperature sensor 19. When the hot junctions reach a predetermined value, for example 200 ° C, the signal from the sensor 19 is supplied to the comparison unit 14 and to the thermal relay 9, which will trip and close the electric circuit (see Fig. one). In this case, the electric power from the power supply unit 12 is supplied to the control unit 8, which generates a reverse signal and is fed through the channel 28 to the electric actuator 2, the gearbox of the mentioned mechanism is turned on, and the platform 1 as a result of its movement will occupy the working position.

At the same time, when this device is turned on, the comparison unit 13 receives signals from the rotation sensors of the platform 17 and the electronic clock 16. In the comparison unit 13, these signals are subtracted. In the case of a mismatch of these signals, the comparison unit 13 channel 38 provides a mismatch signal to the control unit 8, which generates a control signal and feeds it to the actuator 2 and turns it on. In this case, the actuator 2 will synchronously operate in a pulsed mode with the electronic clock 16 until the signal mismatch in the comparison unit 13 is eliminated.

In addition, the electrical signal from the temperature sensor 20 enters the comparison unit 14, which simultaneously receives signals from the setter 15 and the temperature sensor 19, where the temperature difference between the temperature sensors 19, 20 is determined and compared with the setter 15. In case of a mismatch of these signals the mismatch signal is supplied to the control unit 8, which generates control signals, one of which is fed through the channel 35 to the electric pump 6 and starts it, and the other is fed through the channel 36 to the temperature controller 11, and leads it into action. The electric pump 6 through the channel 29 from the water supply network supplies the temperature controller 11, which according to [3] distributes the required water flow through the channel 30 to the thermoelectric generator 4, the rest of the water flow through the channel 31 is directed to the drain (see Fig. 1, 2 , 3).

When cooling water passes through channel 30 through a thermoelectric generator 4 as a result of convective heat transfer between cold junctions and cooling water through a heat exchanger 27, heat is removed from the cold junctions and a predetermined temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions in the thermoelectric generator 4 is established. channel 32 is directed to the drain or can be used by consumers as hot water for domestic purposes.

If the temperature of the hot junctions exceeds the permissible value, the thermal relay 10 is activated, which closes the electric power circuit. Electricity from the power supply unit 12 through the channel 37 through the thermal relay 10 is supplied to the electric fan 7. In this case, the fan 7 is turned on and the air through the channel 33 is supplied to the thermoelectric generator 4, where as a result of convective heat exchange between the air and the surface of the heat exchanger 26, excess heat is removed from hot junctions of thermoelectric generator 4.

When the proposed device is used on the hot junctions of the thermoelectric generator 4, heat is absorbed from the sun's rays, and heat is removed from the cold side by cooling water minus the electricity received at the external load. At an external load, the thermoelectric generator generates a voltage equal to the emf, minus the voltage drop and internal resistance, the electric power is supplied to the storage batteries 22, and electric energy is accumulated. Received electricity is sent to consumers.

The power of the received electricity depends on the number of thermoelectric modules, the temperature difference between the junctions. Therefore, the consumer has the right to solve the problem of obtaining the right amount of electricity.

In the evening, for example, at 18 o’clock, when the efficiency of sunlight decreases sharply, the temperature of the hot junctions also decreases below a predetermined value and the device cannot receive electricity. In this case, the temperature sensor 19, by applying a signal to the thermal relay 9, opens the electrical circuit, and the operation of this device is terminated.

Thus, a device for converting solar energy into electrical energy allows you to get cheap electricity in clear weather in the spring-summer-autumn time, which will help solve the problem of saving energy resources.

Information sources

1. Patent No. 69925, F02G 5/00, F01K 15/04. Device for exhaust gas recirculation of marine diesel / V.N. Timofeev, D.V. Timofeev. Publ. 01/10/2008. Bull. No. 1.

2. Certificate for the subway №5216, F02G 5/02. A device for generating electric energy and heat recovery in remote and inaccessible areas / V.N. Timofeev, G.E. Chekmarev, A.A. Ilyina and others. Publ. 10/16/97. Bull. No. 10.

3. Patent No. 2279923, F01P 7/16. Electric thermostat / V.N. Timofeev, N.P. Kuzin, A.N. Krasnov. Publ. 02/27/2006. Bull. No. 6.

Claims (2)

1. A device for converting solar energy into electrical energy, containing a thermoelectric generator, a cooling system including an electric pump, a comparison unit, a control unit, characterized in that the device further comprises convex lenses mounted on a platform with the possibility of receiving sunlight and focusing sunlight on a heat exchanger of hot junctions of a thermoelectric generator; a platform mounted on an actuator with a worm gear with the possibility of synchronous rotation with an electronic clock around the sun; temperature sensors mounted on hot and cold junctions and connected with thermal relays and a comparison unit; electronic thermostat associated with cooling water supply and drain channels; an electric fan, the input of which is connected through a thermal relay to the power supply, the output is connected to the heat exchanger of the hot junctions. 2. A device for converting solar energy into electrical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a mechanism for turning convex lenses.

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