RU2400961C2 - Method of efficient use of crop debris - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of the efficient use of crop debris involves a bedding-up procedure. In autumn, crop debris of the post harvest culture are used as an organic fertiliser on the same plot; therefore the plot is furrowed according to the planting system at depth 25-30 cm. The furrow bottom is coated with the air-dried ground crop debris, and covered with soil swath. The plot is watered. Next spring, vegetable plants and potato tubers are bedded out on each side of the swaths without the second plowing.

EFFECT: simplified mineralisation technology of the crop debris and exploitation cost saving.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular plant growing, and can be used in the cultivation of vegetables and potatoes.

Known methods for the preparation and use of manure of varying degrees of decomposition of animal, plant-animal and various industrial and domestic origin (Deryugin IP, Kulyukin AN Textbook "Nutrition and fertilizer of vegetable and fruit crops." 2 edition, Moscow, Moscow Agricultural Academy , 1998, p. 326).

The disadvantages of these methods are the high cost and shortage of manure of the specified class in farms when growing vegetables, which require especially a lot of organic fertilizers.

Composting of post-harvest plant residues is known as a biothermal process of mineralization and humification, which allows using the resulting product as an organic fertilizer (Yagodin B.A., Zhukov Yu.P., Kobzarenko V.I. "Agrochemistry", Moscow, Kolos, 2002, pp. .584).

The disadvantage of this method is that for the preparation of this fertilizer requires the cost of transporting raw materials to the place of preparation, to manufacture the product and transportation to the place of use, in addition, the product must be enriched with the missing nutrients in it by adding mineral fertilizers.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the method of rational use of post-harvest plant residues is to simplify the technology of mineralization of post-harvest plant residues into organic fertilizers and reduce the cost of their use.

The specified technical result is achieved by the method of rational use of post-harvest plant residues, including pre-planting preparation of plantation soil, according to the invention, in the autumn after harvesting, grooves 25-30 cm deep are cut into the field, where, after drying to an air-dry state, the crushed post-harvest layers are laid in a 15-20 cm layer plant residues of the previous harvest and they are covered with rolls, the plot is watered, and next spring seedlings of vegetables or vegetables are planted on the sides of the rolls without plowing the field kill the potatoes.

Otherwise, the agrotechnology of growing vegetables or potatoes in the experiment was similar to the technology of cultivation adopted by the farm.

The experiments on the mobilization of soil fertility and its enrichment with organic matter without introducing manure were carried out on meadow soils of the farm named after A. Adzhieva Khasavyurt district. The experience included 3 options: 1) control without fertilizer; 2) introduction of manure 20 t / ha; 3) incorporation of post-harvest organic residues of the past vegetation.

Table 1 Yields of tomatoes when using different types of fertilizers (t / ha) Experience Options Years 3 years average in% of control 2001 2002 2003 The control 4.20 4.11 4.33 4.21 100.0 Manure 20 t / ha 6.48 6.50 6.82 6.60 156.8 Incorporation of organic residues 5.82 5.79 5.98 5.86 139.1

Similar results with the stated experimental data were obtained in the experiment with potatoes (Table 2).

table 2 The effect of various types of organic fertilizers on the potato crop (t / ha) Experience Options Years 3 years average in% of control 2001 2002 2003 The control 1,60 1,54 1,66 1,60 100.0 Manure 20 t / ha 2.48 2,31 2.65 2.48 155.0 Incorporation of organic residues 2,34 2.25 2,52 2,37 148.1

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the variant of the experience of embedding organic residues provides for an average of three years a crop of tomatoes 5.86 t / ha, potatoes 2.37 t / ha.

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the best yield is the option of making 20 tons of manure. And where, instead of fertilizers, the post-harvest residues of the previous year's crop were planted in the soil, on average per season an increase in yield was obtained compared to the control of tomatoes 165, and potatoes 77 c / ha.

Therefore, in certain areas and farms where it is not possible to make manure for vegetables and potatoes in the required doses, this technique is quite effective.

Along with this, despite the fact that in the variant with the introduction of 20 t / ha of manure, the yield during the same time is respectively 0.77 and 0.11 t / ha more, but the costs of accumulation, storage, loading, transportation, application and planting them in the soil does not pay off with this increase in yield. Therefore, especially with a lack of manure, the use of vegetable residues from the previous agrophytocenosis for vegetables and potatoes is an economically viable and profitable measure for an agricultural enterprise.

Claims (1)

The method of rational use of post-harvest plant residues, including pre-planting preparation of plantation soil, characterized in that in the autumn after harvesting, grooves 25-30 cm deep are cut into the field, where, after drying to an air-dry state, crushed post-harvest plant residues are laid with a layer of 15-20 cm the previous harvest and they are covered with rolls, the plot is watered, and the next spring, seedlings of vegetables or potato tubers are planted on the sides of the rolls without plowing the field.