RU2400958C2 - Method of express humus layering in pan bands of new gardens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves application of a cover crop in new gardens and use of the herbage for mulching of soil. The permanent grasses are sown in the spacing; the topsoil to be mixed with the mulching material of the previous year is moldered in the pan bands. Then the permanent grasses delivered by the inertial cutting units to the pan bands with the treated soil being covered are mown down in the tree spacing. The moldering and mowing down are performed by a tillage rig comprising two side cutters and a mower. Mulching is applied for 2-3 years for express soil humification in the pan bands of fruit plantings before the one-cycle bearing period.

EFFECT: express humus layering in the pan bands of new gardens.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the soil content in the young garden (IDK 631.3.634 (470.4)).

There are various ways of keeping soil in the garden: black steam, sod-humus system and others aimed at preserving and enhancing natural fertility.

In a young garden, for example, on a mountainside, the main method of soil maintenance is black steam in the near-trunk strip and sowing in the row-spacing to protect the soil from water erosion. In conditions of insufficient moisture, the soil is kept under black steam; in humid years, green manure is sown with stockpiled as an organic fertilizer. In irrigated conditions, the aisles of young plantings are kept under herbs or vegetables using mineral fertilizers.

In modern intensive gardens, moisture deficiency and the need for fertilizers for faster growth and fruiting of young trees are more quickly created in the soil [1].

There is a method of accelerated creation of a sod-mulch layer in 2-3 years, which is based on the use of compacted sowing in the gardens of annual and under-cover perennial grasses and the use of green mass of both for mulching the soil [2].

Mulching is an agrotechnically effective way to prevent the evaporation of moisture from the soil surface, the formation of a crust, inhibit the germination of weeds, creating the conditions for the development of a microbiological process in the soil.

However, this method requires significant energy and resource costs in young gardens.

The purpose of the invention is the creation of a method for the accelerated implementation of the mulch material and the humus layer in the near-trunk strips of young plantings of fruit trees with minimal cost.

This goal is achieved by sowing in the aisles of young gardens of some perennial grasses and using a combined unit (drawing).

The unit includes two side milling cutters (item 5) for loosening the arable soil layer and mixing with it the mulch material from the second cycle and rotary cutting organs (item 4) for two to three-fold mowing of perennial grasses in the aisles (item 1) of trees (item 1). 6), delivered due to the inertial movement of the cutting organs to the trunks (pos. 3), covering it with the treated soil (pos. 2) after the cutters.

The combined unit is transported by a tractor of class 1.4 or 2. Here, the rotating movement of the working bodies is transmitted through the tractor's power take-off shaft to the gearbox (pos. 7), and from it through a belt drive to cutting bodies for mowing grasses and to mills for tillage.

The mulch material mixed with soil undergoes humification acceleratedly, since it is carried out under anaerobic conditions with the simultaneous resumption of the mulch material in the near-stem strips, in contrast to the data in the above analogue, that is, under aerobic conditions.

Thus, for 2-3 years or more, the conveyor technological process has been carried out, on the one hand, mulching, and on the other, accelerated humification of the trunks of young trees until the age period - growth and fruiting.

The technical result of the proposed method is that the multiplicity of grass sowing for accelerated creation of mulchaterial and accelerated humification of the trunks of young trees is reduced by 50%, and the combined unit ensures the combination of two agricultural methods in one cycle.

The source of information

1. Fruit growing. M .: Kolos, 1979.P.295-296.

2. Luchkov P.G., Rauzin E.G., Zhidebaev K.Zh. Gardens of mountains and foothills. Almaty, M.P. “Sarzhailau”, 1996. P.137, prototype.

Claims (1)

A method for accelerated creation of a sod-mulch layer in 2-3 years, including the use of grass sowing in young gardens and the use of their green mass for mulching the soil, characterized in that perennial grasses are sown in rows, loosely plowing the arable layer of soil in near-stem strips, mixing it with last year’s mulch material, then perennial grasses are mowed in the rows of trees, delivering due to the inertial movement of the cutting organs to the trunks, covering the treated soil, while loosening and mowing is carried out vlyayut combined unit comprising two side cutters and the mower, thus for a predetermined period of time is performed for mulching of the soil in accelerated humification bands tree trunks of fruit plantations period before fruiting.