RU2400035C1 - Rotary skim plough - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: skim plough is a tiller including a frame and rotary working blade tool whose working surface is shaped as a conic frustrum. The working tools are attached to hubs with spikes so that to enable rotation. On the inner working surface of the blades there are plate blades radially mounted. The plate blade bases are positioned along the generatrices of the rotary tillers working surface. The plate blades are shaped as triangles with the cutting edge sharpened on two sides and are arranged so that their 1 angle sharp edges are turned forward. 1 angle magnitude is defined from the expression: 1ëÑ90-(+å), where - back cutting angle of the rotary tiller; å - angle of the blade material friction against soil. ^ EFFECT: design solution enables tillage quality improvement, provides for extermination of cultivated crops pests and pathogenic organism as well as weed seeds. ^ 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage machines.

The invention is known, containing sections mounted on the frame with working bodies, each of which is made in the form of a ring and connected to the frame by means of rolling bodies, while the rings of one section have a positive angle of attack, and the rings of the other section have a negative angle of attack [1]. Moreover, each of the rings is made spherical, and the sections are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of movement, while the distance between adjacent rings is greater than the width of the ring, and the rings of the rear section are displaced in the transverse direction relative to the rings of the front section by half the distance between adjacent sections. However, this tillage implement carries out loosening of the soil without its turnover and seeding of weed seeds.

Known tillage tool [2], consisting of support wheels or bar rink; linkage mechanism, frames and arranged in two rows across the movement of the rings. The rings have mechanisms for adjusting the angle of attack and the angle of inclination to the horizontal plane. The rings are equipped with knitting needles, one end of each of which is rigidly fixed to the inner surface of the ring, and the other is connected to the central bearing assembly. The longitudinal axis of the node coincides with the line passing through the focus of the ring perpendicular to the plane of its larger base and is located between the focus and this plane. The bearing assembly is connected to the frame by means of a V-shaped rack, a mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination of the ring to a horizontal plane. The mechanism consists of a bracket connected to a bearing assembly located at the base of the V-shaped strut. The bracket and base have a through coaxial hole with symmetrical and asymmetric grooves located respectively around the circumference and a finger with a locking pin, the cross section of which corresponds to the shape of the groove. The gun has the same drawbacks as the previous one. It cannot be used for peeling soil.

The prototype is an invention [3], including a frame and working bodies containing hubs and knives fixed to them by knitting needles. The device is characterized in that the transverse bars are fixed on the frame, on which fastening posts are mounted rotatably, with each of which an inclined axis is paired. The axial line of each oblique axis forms an obtuse angle with the axis of rotation of each mounting rack. The horizontal projection of the axial line of each oblique axis forms an acute angle with the direction of movement of the tillage device. Each hub is mounted on a separate inclined axis with the possibility of rotation relative to the axial line of this axis. One hub is fixed on each hub, having a working surface in the form of a truncated cone, which forms in a plane passing through the axial line of the inclined axis and the axis of rotation of the fastening column, at an angle of crushing to the horizontal. The lower point of the circle forming the cutting edge of each individual knife is located on the axis of rotation of the fastening rack.

The disadvantages of this prototype is that it produces surface treatment (loosening) of the soil, the destruction of weeds without wrapping, i.e. acts as a cultivator for continuous tillage.

An invention is proposed, the essence of which is to improve the quality of soil cultivation and the destruction of pests, pathogens of cultivated plants and weed seeds.

To solve the problems in the proposed rotary cultivator, which is a tillage implement, including a frame, rotary working knives with a working surface in the form of a truncated cone, mounted on hubs with spokes with the possibility of rotation, plate knives are radially mounted on the inner working surface of the knives, this their bases are located along the generatrix of the working surface of the rotary tillage organs. Lamellar knives are made in the form of a triangle having two-sided sharpening of the cutting edge, set with a sharp edge with an angle α ₁ - forward. In this case, the angle α ₁ - is determined by the formula

α ₁ ≥90 ° - (ε + φ),

where ε is the rear cutting angle of the rotary tillage organ;

φ is the angle of friction of the knife material on the soil.

A comparative analysis of the claimed invention with an analogue and a prototype revealed a number of significant distinguishing features that form a new population, not known from the "prior art", specifically:

- lamellar knives are radially mounted on the inner working surface of the rotary working organs-knives, while their bases are located along the generatrices of the working surface of the rotary tillage organs.

- lamellar knives are made in the form of a triangle having two-sided sharpening of the cutting edge, set with a sharp edge with an angle α ₁ - forward, while the value of the angle α ₁ is determined by the formula

α ₁ ≥90 ° - (ε + φ),

where ε is the rear cutting angle of the rotary tillage organ;

φ is the angle of friction of the knife material on the soil.

The proposed rotary hoe is presented in figures 1-5:

figure 1 tiller rotary, top view;

figure 2 - working body, side view;

figa - working body, front view;

figb - section along b - B in figa;

Fig. 4 is a view A in Fig. 3b;

5 is a flow chart of the rotation of the soil tillage organ of the cultivator.

Rotary cultivator consists of a frame 1 (Fig. 1), rotary working bodies - knives 2, mounted on the hubs 3 (Fig. 2) with spokes 4 rotatably. While the rotary working bodies - knives 2 are installed in such a way that they form an angle of attack α (Fig. 1) to the direction of movement, the angle of inclination β (Figs. 2, 4) to the vertical.

On the inner working surface of the knives 2 radially mounted blade knives 5 (figure 2).

Moreover, their bases are located along the generatrices PS (Fig. 4) of the working surface of rotary tillage organs.

Lamellar knives 5 (Fig. 1) are made in the form of a triangle having two-sided sharpening of the cutting edge (Fig. 4), mounted with a sharp edge with an angle α ₁ - forward.

Moreover, the angle α ₁ is determined by the formula:

α ₁ ≥90 ° - (ε + φ),

where ε is the rear cutting angle of the rotary tillage organ (figure 4);

φ is the angle of friction of the knife material on the soil.

The principle of operation of the rotary tiller is as follows. When moving across the field, each knife 2 (Figs. 1, 5), mounted on the hubs 3 (Fig. 2) with spokes 4 rotatably, due to the angles α and β, as well as as a result of the interaction of the cutting edge 6 (Fig. 4 ) with the surface of the field, penetrates the soil to the depth of processing and moves at this depth in the direction of movement of the rotary cultivator. In this case, as a result of the influence of friction forces from the side of the treated soil layer on the working surface 7 of each knife 2 (Figs. 1, 4), a torque arises, forcing each knife 2 to make rotational movements. It turns out a sliding cutting of the soil with a cutting edge 6 (figure 4).

When the rotation of the rotary organ 2 (Fig. 1, 5), the soil layers 8 (Fig. 5) are cut into separate pieces by lamellar knives 5 (Fig. 2), rotating together with them, they rise to a certain height and, when they fall, they are turned over, embedded in the soil part of crop residues, pests and pathogens of cultivated plants and weed seeds to provoke them to germinate.

The presence on the inner working surface of the rotary organs of radially mounted plate knives, in which the bases are located along the generatrices of the named working surface, creates the conditions for high-quality soil cultivation by cutting the layer into separate pieces, providing it to be raised to a great height along the working surface and turnover with the incorporation of part of the crop residues , pests and pathogens of cultivated plants and weed seeds. And the implementation of lamellar knives in the form of a triangle having two-sided sharpening of the cutting edge, set with a sharp edge with an angle α ₁ - forward, improves the quality and reduces the energy intensity of soil cultivation.

In this case, to obtain a sliding cutting of the soil along the blade, the condition

α ₁ ≥90 ° - (ε + φ),

where ε is the rear cutting angle of the rotary tillage organ (figure 4);

φ is the angle of friction of the knife material on the soil.

Literature

1. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1376959, A01B 35/28, 1988

2. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1496651, A01B 35/16, 1989

3. RF patent №2331178, IPC A01B 79/00, 2008 - prototype.

Claims (2)

1. Rotary cultivator, which is a tillage tool, including a frame, rotary working bodies - knives with a truncated cone working surface mounted on hubs with knitting needles for rotation, characterized in that plate knives are radially mounted on the inner working surface of the knives, with the base of the blade knives are located along the generatrix of the working surface of the rotary tillage organs. 2. Rotary cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade knives are made in the form of a triangle having two-sided sharpening of the cutting edge, are installed with a sharp edge with an angle α ₁ - forward, while the angle α ₁ is determined by the formula: α ₁ ≥90 ° - (ε + φ), where ε is the rear cutting angle of the rotary tillage organ; φ is the angle of friction of the knife material on the soil.

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