RU2499901C1 - Ice oil-scraper ring - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: top oil-scraper ring 3 and bottom oil-scraper ring 6 are fitted in piston groove 7. Expansion ring 4 is arranged between said top and bottom rings and has radial grooves 5 to communicate cavity arranged between cylinder wall 1 and OD surface of ring 4 with bottom cavity of piston ring 7. Note here that total angle of inclination of said rings 3, 6 and 4 makes at least 10 degrees.

EFFECT: higher power, longer life, decreased consumption of fuel and oil.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, and specifically to the design, manufacture and operation of internal combustion engines.

Known oil scraper piston devices of internal combustion engines containing two separate scraper elements with expanders of various designs (Application No. 53-22204, Japan, 1978; Application No. 59-20859, Japan, 1984; copyright certificate No. 1312217, USSR, 1985; patent No. 2381375 RU C2).

Known oil scraper piston ring of an internal combustion engine containing scraper elements and an expander (patent RU 2447307, 04/10/2012). The prototype has a significant drawback, which is that at low temperatures, especially in winter, cooling parts of the cylinder-piston group of the engine: cylinder, piston, scraper elements and expander, leads to a decrease in the volume and size of the contacting parts. The decreasing width of the piston groove compresses the pack of rings from the scraper rings and the expansion ring, which should be displaced in the direction of the cylinder axis and weaken the effect of the lower and upper shelves of the piston groove on the scraper rings, while maintaining their elastic qualities and, accordingly, their mobility and performance. But such an interaction is possible only if there is no self-inhibiting properties in the kinematic scheme "upper scraper ring - expansion ring - lower scraper ring", which occur if the total angle of the "wedge" device is equal to or less than the angle of self-braking.

For example, for contact steel polished parts of wedge devices, the self-braking angle is 12 °. In this case, reducing the size of the piston groove, the lower and upper shelves continue to act on the corresponding ends of the scraper rings, increasing the compression forces of the entire system to critical values, which leads to the final jamming of the scraper rings in the piston groove and possible destruction of the piston groove shelves and engine breakdown.

In addition, a significant disadvantage of the prototype is that the manufacture of venting radial holes in the expansion ring is problematic for automobile engines. The small height of the piston rings and the expansion ring limits the diameter of the holes, and the radial thickness, which is 1.5 ... 2.0 times greater than the height, by definition relates the manufacture of such holes to non-technological operations of "deep" drilling, and in the mass type of production it is considered impractical. For example, in an expansion ring for a KAMAZ engine, it is necessary to process holes with a diameter of 0.8 mm to a depth of 5 mm of the radial thickness of the piston rings of this engine.

The technical result, which the invention is directed to, is to increase the efficiency of oil scraper pistons, increase engine power and life, reduce fuel and oil consumption, and improve the environmental performance of the engine.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the oil scraper piston device of an internal combustion engine containing scraper piston rings and an expansion piston ring, asymmetrically arranged radial grooves are made at the upper and lower ends of the expansion piston ring, the overall angle α of inclination of the ends of the scraper piston rings and the expansion piston ring not less than 10 °.

The drawing shows a partial section of an internal combustion engine.

The internal combustion engine contains a cylinder 1, a piston 2, an upper scraper piston ring 3, an expansion piston ring 4, at both ends of which asymmetrically arranged radial grooves 5 are made, a lower scraper piston ring 6 installed in the piston groove 7.

Oil scraper piston ring operates as follows.

In the process of engine operation, the details of the cylinder-piston group are heated. The heating of the cylinder 1 leads to an increase in its diameter and the corresponding expansion of the scraper rings 3 and 6, due to its elastic properties, providing constant contact with the wall of the cylinder 1. As a result of the displacement of the scraper rings 3 and 6 in the direction of the wall of the cylinder 1, a gap is formed between the ends of the scraper rings 3 and 6 and the shelves of the piston groove 7, which also increases by heating the piston 2 and increasing the width of the piston groove 7. The expansion ring 4, unclenching, moves together with the scraper rings 3 and 6, bursting them and pressing I the shelves piston groove 7, providing no gap stretch compound all parts in the "upper shelf piston groove 7 - upper scraping ring 3 - expander ring 4 - lower scraping ring 6 - bottom shelf piston groove 7 '.

During engine cooling, thermodynamic changes occur in the reverse order. Cooling of the cylinder 1 leads to a decrease in its diameter, therefore, tapering, the wall of the cylinder 1, acting on the scraper rings 3 and 6, shifts them together with the expansion ring 4 in the direction of the axis of the cylinder 1. In turn, cooling of the piston 2 leads to a decrease in the height of the piston grooves 7, as a result of which the upper and lower flange of the piston groove 7 compress the scraper rings 3 and 6, which displace the expansion ring 4 in the direction of the cylinder axis 1, ensuring the closure of the system “upper flange of the piston groove 7 - upper scraper e ring 3 - expansion ring 4 - lower scraper ring 6 - lower shelf of the piston groove 7 ”and excluding gaps between contact surfaces.

When the piston 2 moves to the lower position, the oil removed by the upper scraper ring 3 fills the cavity between the lower scraper ring 6, the wall of the cylinder 1 and the scraper ring 3 itself, and under pressure passes through the radial grooves 5 into the bottom cavity of the piston groove 7 and then into the internal space of the piston 2.

The developed oil scraper piston ring leaves on the cylinder wall the minimum required thickness of the hydrodynamic lubricating layer, which ensures minimum consumption of engine oil for burning and minimum friction losses of the piston rings, which results in an increase in engine power and resource, reduction in fuel and engine oil consumption, and improvement of the engine environmental performance. .

Claims (2)

1. Oil scraper piston device of an internal combustion engine containing scraper piston rings and an expansion piston ring, characterized in that at the upper and lower ends of the expansion piston ring there are asymmetrically arranged radial grooves. 2. Oil scraper piston device of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the total angle α of inclination of the ends of the scraper piston rings and the expansion piston ring is at least 10 °.