RU2498863C2 - Rotor of centrifugal separator for separation of heterogeneous fluids - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanical separation of heterogeneous fluids with the help of fluid centrifugal separators in food, chemical, microbiological and other industries. Centrifugal separator rotor comprises body with a stack of separation thin-wall circular inserts fitted therein at insert holder and spaced apart by perforated spacers to make channels of feed fluid into gaps between said inserts. Holes feature one size in mirror axes larger than the other. Note here that holes are directed by their mirror axes to generating insert along larger size at the angle varying from 0° to 70°.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of separation.

9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical separation of heterogeneous liquids using liquid centrifugal separators in food, chemical, microbiological and other industries.

Known rotors of centrifugal separators for separating heterogeneous liquids, including a housing with a package of thin-walled annular inserts separated by distance elements installed on it on the insert holder, with feed openings in the inter-insert gaps of the liquid to be separated (Patent SU 1251412, B04B 1/08 of 04/01/84 and SU patent 1355296, B04B 1/08, 11/02 of 04/04/86). The holes are made round, and in the package of inserts they form channels, the width of which is almost twice as small in radius as the diameter of the holes. During operation and fluctuations in the productivity, density of the dispersed phase or its percentage, such a channel width that gives a small cross-sectional area often leads to the destruction of the surface of the neutral layer in the separator separators and even to a change in the direction of the flow, the flow of its part past the channels, which worsens the separation results. In clarifier separators, in which openings are made at the periphery of the packet, this leads to the flow of a part of the flow of the liquid to be separated outside the packet and also to a deterioration of separation.

An increase in the diameter of the holes reduces the deposition surface, which also degrades the quality of separation.

In order to increase the width and cross-sectional area of the channels in the package, the inserts are made with peripheral arched notches (Patent SU 2007221, B04B 1/08, 11/02 of 07.15.91). However, this design of the inserts leads to a sharp decrease in the ring stiffness of the inserts. As a result of this, the edges of the arched cut-outs of the inserts deform, leading to a significant springing of the bag, and the package’s performance deteriorates: the likelihood of cuts on the hands of apparatchiks washing the inserts increases.

A rotor of a centrifugal separator for separating heterogeneous liquids is also known, including a housing with a package of thin-walled conical-shaped thin-walled ring inserts mounted therein, separated by distance elements, with supply openings in the inter-interstitial gaps of the separated liquid, having one size larger than the other along the mutually perpendicular axes and forming in the package feed channels (Vneshtorgizdat. Pub. No. P1192 / 2. Fat separator G9-RT-OM-4.6 M. Catalog of assembly units and parts in English. Assembly unit 02-04 / 1, as well as the USSR AC 889104 from 08/14/81). In this case, the holes are arranged so that their axes along the larger size are oriented perpendicular to the generatrix of the conical surface of the inserts. However, such openings form channels, the radius of which remains almost two times smaller than their width along the generatrix of the conical insert, they occupy from half or more the circumference along which they are placed and the precipitated dispersed fraction removed from inter-insert gaps enters the flow of the separated liquid in the area of the openings and her repeated enthusiasm for inter-insertion gaps. In addition, a negative effect remains under conditions of fluctuations in the liquid supply to the separator rotor, concentration or phase density difference, at which part of the flow of the liquid to be separated can pass by these channels, which significantly worsens the degree of separation.

The design of the rotor in the USSR AC 889104 from 08/14/81 is taken as a prototype.

The present invention solves the problem of ensuring the efficient operation of the separator with fluctuations in the flow of fluid into the rotor, concentration or difference in phase density.

In order to achieve the specified technical result in the inventive rotor of a centrifugal separator for separating heterogeneous liquids, comprising a housing with a package of thin-walled ring inserts mounted therein on the insert holder, separated by distance elements, with feed holes in the interstitial gaps of the separated liquid having one size larger than the other in mutually perpendicular axes of symmetry and forming supply channels in the package, the holes are oriented with respect to the generatrix of the insert with their axes in a larger portion at an acute angle having absolute values from 0 ° to 70 °.

The value of the angle of inclination is performed depending on the amount of supply of the liquid to be separated into the separator or the expected changes in supply, concentration, and phase density difference. With their expected growth, the slope angle in absolute value should have smaller values, with a possible decrease, large values. The angle of inclination can have positive or negative values in thin-walled ring inserts of arbitrary shape. When making holes in this way, changes in the flow rate, phase concentration of the liquid to be separated, or the difference in their densities will only increase the thickness of the stream in the hole, but the stream itself will flow through the channels formed by them. At lower values of the indicated parameters, the fluid flow will occupy only a part of the channel cross section, i.e. part of the cross section of the holes, with an increase in productivity, the proportion of the cross section of the channels and holes occupied by the flow will increase. In addition, the inclined location of the holes can lengthen the flow path of the shared fluid in the inter-insert gap, which will provide better deposition and discharge of the dispersed fraction deposited on the surface of the inserts.

Such openings around the circumference of the radius of the neutral layer in the separator separators increase the reliability of the location in the supply channels of the oscillating value of the radius of the neutral layer. In separator-separators, separator-clarifiers, separator-thickeners, etc. such an arrangement of the holes ensures that the entire directed flow flows through them.

The proposed rotor is illustrated by the graphic material shown in figures 1-9. Figure 1 schematically shows as an example a General view of the rotor of the separator-separator in section with inserts of a conical shape. Figure 2 and 3 schematically shows examples of top views of cut-outs of inserts of a separator-separator with holes for feeding the separated liquid into the inter-insertion gap formed by distance elements in the form of spikes and inclined slats. Figures 4, 5 and 6 show examples of cut-outs of separator-clarifier inserts with spacer bars along the generatrix and obliquely to it, as well as with openings whose axes are oriented along the larger dimension to the generatrix of an arbitrary surface of the ring inserts at an angle that differs in different inserts. Figure 7 is a cutaway view of an insert of a separator-clarifier with rectangular openings. On Fig - view of the cutout insert separator-clarifier with holes of a triangular view. In Fig.9 is a view of a cutout of an insert with feeding holes during direct-flow separation.

The rotor of the separator for separating heterogeneous liquids includes a housing 1 with a package 3 installed in it on the insert holder 2 (Fig. 1) of thin-walled ring arbitrary shapes of inserts 4-6 with spaced point elements in the form of spikes 7, elongated in the form of trims 8 at an angle to the generatrix 9 or strips 10 along the generatrix 9 (Fig. 2-9). The elongated distance elements may be in the form of a wire 11 (Fig.6). Interleave gaps 12 are formed by the distance elements 7, 8, 10, 11. The inserts 4-6 have holes distributed around the circumference 13, for example, elliptical 14, rectangular 15, triangular 16 or another oblong type for feeding the interstitial gaps 10 of the liquid to be separated. The corners of the holes 15, 16 can be rounded. The openings 14-16 have a size A along the axes 17, larger than the other B, measured along the 18. The openings 14-16, which are formed in the package 3 by the supply channels 19, are oriented with respect to the generatrix 9 with their larger axes 17 at an angle a, which can have absolute values from 0 ° to 70 °, which creates an increased size of the channels 19 along the radial coordinate. Conventionally, the dotted line shows the lid of the separator with a supply pipe and a branch device for liquid fractions. The arrows show the direction of their flows.

The rotor of the separator for the separation of heterogeneous liquids works as follows.

After the rotor reaches the rated speed of rotation, the liquid to be separated is fed into the housing 1 into the cavity of the insert holder 2, from where it flows through the interconnecting gaps 12, provided by the distance spikes 7 and straps 8, 10, through the feed channels 19 of the package 3, formed by openings 14, 15 or 16, 11. The spikes 7 insignificantly impede the free movement of flows in the inter-insert gap. Planks 8, 10, 11 are used to force the flow in specified directions. The direction of rotation of the rotor determines the degree to which the flow is pressed against the distance bars and can be selected in the direction of clockwise or counterclockwise movement. In inter-insertion gaps 12 there is a separation of phases into fractions. Separated dispersed fractions deposited on the surfaces of inserts 4-6, are removed from the package and move to the output devices.

In the rotor pack of the separator-separator, a cylindrical surface of the separation of light and heavy phases is formed from the incoming emulsion, the radius of which should correspond to the radius of the circle 13 of the location of the holes 14 in the inserts 4. A change in the flow rate of the liquid to be separated, the density difference or phase concentration will lead to a change in the neutral radius layer. However, since the holes 14 have a significant length along the radial coordinate, the neutral layer will shift, remaining within their location and the section of the channel 19. In addition, the remaining small size B of the holes 14, measured along the axes 18, does not prevent the sediment fraction from sliding and withdrawing from inter-interstitial clearances 12. Therefore, the separation efficiency will not change significantly.

In package 3 of the separator-clarifier and separator-thickener with inserts 5 for countercurrent separation or with inserts 6 for direct-flow separation, the same changes in supply, density differences or phase concentrations will only increase the thickness of the flow in channel 19. Due to the orientation of the 17 larger axes size A at an angle α, a significant size of the channels 19 in the radial direction provides free flow of fluid flows through them. At low productivity, the fluid flow will occupy only a part of the area of the openings 14 - 16 and the cross-section of the channels 19, with an increase in productivity, the proportion of the area of the holes 15 and the cross-section of the channels 18 occupied by the flow will increase, but the flow will flow through them. In the package 3 with inserts 6 direct-flow separation, the inclination at an angle α of the axis 16 of the holes 13 contributes to the same positive effect.

Inclined to the generatrix 9 of inserts 4-6, the inclined slats 8 increase the path of fluid flows in the interlacing gaps, which improves the deposition conditions of the dispersed phase, but reduces the size of the deposition surface. The inclined arrangement of the axes 17 of the holes 14-16 in the inserts 4-6 allows you to bring them closer to the strips 8, 10 and to form near them the main fluid flow. This type of arrangement of the axes 17 of the holes 14-16 reduces the resistance to movement of the deposited fraction of the dispersed phase along the surface of the inserts towards its output from the package 3. Moreover, the angle α, depending on the inclination of the strips 8, must be made positive or negative. The sign of the angle α is determined by the conditions for the best arrangement of the openings 14 - 16 with respect to the flow flowing into the interlining gaps 12. At the strips 10, the angle α can be made equal to zero.

Claims (1)

The rotor of a centrifugal separator for separating heterogeneous liquids, comprising a housing with a package of separating thin-walled ring inserts separated by distance elements installed on it on the insert holder, with supply openings in the inter-interstitial gaps of the liquid to be separated, having one size larger on the mutually perpendicular axes and forming supply channels in the package, characterized in that the holes are oriented relative to the forming insert with their axes along a larger size at an angle having lute values from 0 ° to 70 °.

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