RU2498166C1 - Device for individual heat supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a hopper for solid fuel with a fire grate and a charging door installed in it, a heat exchanger, a gas furnace with a channel for smoke gases discharge. The body of the device is covered with thermal insulation. The hopper is a gas generator and is communicated with the help of a channel of synthesis gas supply with the gas furnace, where there is a catalytic oxidation system, comprising three oxidation stages. The first stage located at the outlet from the channel of synthesis gas supply - a ceramic insulator with the applied catalyst CoF₂·4H₂O. The second stage is copper pipes attached to the heat exchanger. The third stage is a ceramic insulator with a wound nichrome spiral located in the upper part of the gas furnace. The heat exchanger is connected via a channel with the heat supply system.

EFFECT: device reduces amount of harmful emissions into environment and provides for reliability of operation.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system, in particular to solid fuel gasification devices used to provide consumers with heat and hot water supply.

Known water-heating installation on gasified water-heating wood waste (utility model RU 86592, IPC C10J 3/20, publ. 09/10/2009), containing a water boiler, a Pinch-type gas generator of the direct process of thermochemical gasification of ground wood waste, located on the support sled, hermetically connected and heat exchangers with a water shell mounted in the form of separate sections mounted on top of the combustion chamber of the boiler, a gas generator hopper, a heat exchange gas duct, a gas outlet to which water is connected hydrochloric refrigerator, fume collection exhaust pipe with condensate trap down metal tube and the finned support column on a concrete pad.

The disadvantages is that in the known method, only wood waste is used as feedstock, which significantly reduces the raw material base, and flaring at temperatures of 1000-1500 ° C leads to the formation of a large number of harmful nitrogen oxides.

The invention is known - "Heat and gas generator of solid fuel" (patent RU 2248500, IPC F23B 7/00, C10J 3/20, publ. March 20, 2005), which contains a gas firebox with a flue gas outlet channel, a solid fuel hopper, a gas-fired steam generator a grate and ash collectors, a high-calorie gas exhaust manifold and a retort pipe, which are connected to the hopper from the input side, and to the gas generator cavity from the output side. A section of the retort pipe located between its indicated parts is placed in the cavity of the gas furnace. The internal cavities of the retort pipes from the side of their inlet parts are connected to the indicated collector, and the gas generator is connected to the gas furnace. Each retort tube is made in the form of sections with an internal channel in each of them. The grate is equipped with a rotation drive with a speed controller. The rotation drive is an electric motor-reducer with a control system. The flue gas outlet channel is located in the zone of the solid fuel hopper, is made in the form of a screw volumetric element and is equipped with heat exchangers. The rotation shaft of the grate is hollow for steam-air blasting. The body of the gas generator is equipped with a steam-water jacket, which is located between the outer surface of the named body and covering the last shell. The steam-water shirt is equipped with a steam output manifold with steam exhaust pipes, one of which is connected to the internal cavity of the retort pipe in the area of its output part. The hopper is equipped with a feeder-dispenser forcing solid fuel into the retort tubes.

The disadvantage is the use of expensive heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant steels for the manufacture of retort pipes and furnaces in contact with high-temperature gases and water vapor from steam blasting.

The closest adopted for the prototype is a solid gas heat and gas generator ”(RU 2255960, IPC C10J 3/20, C10J 3/48, F23B 7/00, publ. 10.07.2005), which contains a gas firebox, a flue gas outlet channel, a hopper for solid fuels, a steam-air gas generator with a grate and ash collectors, a high-calorie gas intake manifold and retort pipes, the input parts of which are connected to the hopper, the output parts - with a gas generator, the cavity of which is hermetic to the gas furnace, in the latter there are retort pipe sections placed between by the indicated parts, the internal cavities of the retort pipes from their inlet parts are in communication with the high-calorie gas intake manifold, while the heat and gas generator is equipped with a second gas generator with steam-air blast, the inlet of which is in communication with the solid fuel hopper, and the gas exit zone with the gas fire , a gas generator, in which the outlet parts of the retort pipes are located, in the zone of exhaust gas from it is in communication with a gas holder, to which a collector for receiving gas generated in the retort pipes is connected. At the same time, the solid fuel hopper heated by heat exchangers has a loading hatch.

The disadvantages of the invention are the use of expensive heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant steels in the manufacture of the installation, and the combustion of gas at high temperatures contributes to the formation of harmful nitrogen oxides, causing harm to the environment.

The objective of the invention is to reduce harmful emissions into the environment, ensuring the reliability of the device.

To solve the technical problem, a device for individual heat supply is proposed, containing a solid fuel hopper with a grate and loading hatch located in it, a gas firebox, a heat exchanger, and a flue gas outlet channel. The body of the device is covered with a layer of insulation. The bunker is a gas generator and communicated via a synthesis gas input channel with a gas furnace, in which the catalytic oxidation system is located. It contains three stages of oxidation. The first stage of combustion, located at the outlet of the syngas input channel, is a ceramic insulator with CoF ₂ · 4H ₂ O catalyst deposited on it. The second stage is copper pipes connected to the heat exchanger. The third stage is a ceramic insulator with a nichrome spiral wound around it, located in the upper part of the gas furnace.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1, which shows a section of a device for individual heat supply.

The device for individual heat supply consists of a housing 1, a solid fuel hopper 2 with a grate 3 located in it, a loading hatch 4, a synthesis gas input channel 5 into the gas furnace 6. A catalytic oxidation system consisting of three oxidation stages is made in the gas furnace . The first stage 7 of the oxidation system is located at the outlet of the synthesis gas input channel and is a ceramic insulator with a CoF ₂ · 4H ₂ O catalyst deposited on it. The second stage 8 is copper pipes connected to the heat exchanger 9. The third stage 10 is a ceramic insulator with wound on it with a nichrome spiral, located in the upper part of the gas furnace. The flue gas exhaust channel 11 is located in the upper part of the furnace. The housing 1 is covered with thermal insulation 12. The heat exchanger 9 is connected through a channel 13 with a heat supply system.

A device for individual heat supply works as follows - the raw material enters the solid fuel hopper 2 through the loading hatch 4. The raw material is fired to produce synthesis gas - the synthesis gas production process continues autothermally due to exothermic processes. The synthesis gas passing through the grate 3, through the input channel of the synthesis gas 5 enters the gas furnace 6 to the catalytic oxidation system. Passing the first stage 7, the synthesis gas is oxidized with the release of heat, acquiring the temperature of the synthesis gas (120-130) ° C. Then the synthesis gas passes through the second stage 8, where the synthesis gas is oxidized with a catalytic decomposition temperature of (277-287) ° C. In the third stage 10, oxidation of the synthesis gas occurs, while the temperature of the catalytic decomposition is (530-540) ° C. Next, the flue gases generated during the oxidation of synthesis gas at the catalytic stages are removed through the flue gas outlet channel 11.

The heat released during the synthesis gas oxidation at the catalytic steps is transferred to the heat exchanger 9, due to which the heat carrier inside it, which enters the heat supply system through channel 13, is heated. 12.

The catalytic oxidation system consists of three stages of catalysts. At the first stage, the synthesis gas is oxidized; at the second and third stages, the synthesis gas is oxidized and completely oxidized. Based on this, the first stage requires a catalyst with the lowest possible temperature for the onset of catalytic decomposition of gas, and the second and third stages with a higher temperature. The first stage at the outlet of the synthesis gas input channel is a ceramic insulator with a CoF ₂ · 4H ₂ O catalyst deposited on it, the temperature of which the catalytic decomposition begins is equal to (120-130) ° C. The second stage is copper pipes connected to a heat exchanger with a catalytic decomposition temperature of (277-287) ° C. The third stage is a ceramic insulator with a nichrome spiral wound around it, with a catalytic decomposition temperature of (530-540) ° C.

The upper temperature threshold for the operation of the CoF ₂ · 4H ₂ O catalyst is 1200 ° C, refractory clay is 1700 ° C, nichrome spiral is 1250 ° C, and copper is 600 ° C.

Due to the fact that the temperature of the onset of catalytic decomposition is lower than the corresponding temperature of the threshold of operation of the catalysts, the technical task of the device is achieved - ensuring the reliability of the device.

The raw materials used are solid fuels, which are at an early degree of metamorphism - biomass, sapropel, waste from the logging and wood processing industries, peat, brown coal. Since these types of fuels contain a large amount of oxygen in their composition, the process of gasification of these types of fuels proceeds with an exothermic effect.

The synthesis gas production process is carried out in a solid fuel hopper by firing the fuel. The further course of gas generation occurs autothermally due to the heat generated during exothermic processes.

The technical task of reducing the harmful emissions of nitrogen oxides, the formation of which occurs at temperatures above 1200 ° C (Zhabo V.V. Environmental protection at thermal power plants and nuclear power plants: a textbook for technical schools. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1992. - 240 p.: ill.), is solved by ensuring low combustion temperatures of the synthesis gas.

Claims (1)

A device for individual heat supply, comprising a solid fuel hopper with a grate and loading hatch located therein, a heat exchanger, a gas firebox with a flue gas exhaust channel, characterized in that the housing of the device is covered with thermal insulation, the hopper is a gas generator and communicated via a synthesis input channel gas with a gas furnace, in which there is a catalytic oxidation system containing three oxidation stages, in which the first stage, located at the outlet of the synthesis gas input channel , - a ceramic insulator with a CoF ₂ · 4H ₂ O catalyst deposited on it, the second stage - copper pipes attached to the heat exchanger, the third stage - a ceramic insulator with a nichrome coil wound on it, located in the upper part of the gas furnace, the heat exchanger is connected through a channel with heating system.

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