RU2496927C1 - Method of forming layer of stems of bast-fiber crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of forming a layer of stems of bast-fiber crops comprises the operations of thinning and thickening of the layer. The thickening of the layer is carried out prior to its thinning by repeating breaking of the initial layer at a distance of more than an amount equal to L·sinβ (where L is the average length of the stems; β is the maximum angle of their inclination in the layer from the perpendicular to the direction of motion), and the subsequent shift of the stems from the place of breaking to the thinning area. Thickening is carried out without increase in thickness of the layer.

EFFECT: reduction of angular disorientation of stems in the layer after its thinning, increased yield of long fiber in the subsequent mechanical treatment by scutching.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of primary processing of bast fibers, in particular to methods for machining bast-fiber materials. It allows you to improve the structure of the flax layer, namely, to reduce the angular disorientation of the stems in the layer after it is thinned using mechanisms with disk drowning working bodies. As a result, the yield of long fiber is increased during subsequent machining by beating.

When using the roll technology of harvesting flax from the field, a significant angular disorientation of the stems in the layer is observed. It is known that an increase in the angular disorientation of the stems leads to a decrease in the yield of long fiber during the processing of trusts on a mulberry-bobbin aggregate [1]. Therefore, this problem is relevant and its solution is of practical importance.

To prepare the stem layer (by thinning it) for machining to obtain a long fiber, methods based on the use of disk working bodies located in pairs on several shafts are used.

A known method of forming a layer of stalks of bast crops, implemented using the device [2], containing a feeding device and placed above the table, sinking gear discs and conveyor. In order to uniformly form the layer, the known invention has a slide mounted on the table under the conveyor and forming a wedge gap with the working branch of the conveyor for thickening the layer, and additional layer-reducing gear discs and pressure skids mounted above it along the table.

This method has the disadvantage that the thickening zone is located after the thinning zone. This circumstance will lead to the fact that the high initial angle of disorientation of the layer fed to the treatment can increase further during the passage of the initial thinning zones. Therefore, a highly disoriented layer, which is currently being processed at flax factories, must be thickened to a thinning zone. In addition, flexible working bodies (conveyor belts), due to which thickening is realized in the known device, do not provide hard interaction with the processed stems, which reduces the effect of their straightening in the layer.

There is also known a method of forming a layer of stalks of bast crops, including the operation of thinning and thickening of the layer. This method is implemented using the device [3], containing sequentially mounted on the frame pairs of gear sludge-reducing discs mounted on the horizontal impeller shafts for selecting stems from the hollows of the discs, the shafts of which are kinematically connected to the shafts of the corresponding pairs of gear discs, cantilever mounted on the frame with the possibility of regulation the height of the pressure skids and the guides placed above them, forming between themselves a zone of thickening of the layer. In order to improve the quality of the formed layer by adjusting along the length of the thickening zone, the guides and pressure runners are made of telescopically connected parts along the length, and the frame is made of two parts along the length, one of which is mounted on the support rollers, the second is fixedly mounted. In this case, the first pair of gear discs, pressure sliders and guides are mounted on one part of the frame, the second pair of gear discs on the other. The ratio of the distance between the guides and the pressure slide to the length of the latter is in the range 1: (5-20).

The main disadvantage of this method is the thickening of sections of the layer of small length. In this case, the likelihood of such an arrangement of the stems increases, in which their butt and apical sections are in different zones (thickening and thinning). As a result, one section of the stems (for example, apical) is in the thickening zone, and the second falls into the thinning zone, where the speed of the layer increases. This circumstance leads to the fact that the stems begin to unfold further, thereby increasing the angular disorientation of the stems. To eliminate these conditions, it is necessary to significantly increase the length of the layer section, which must be thickened to the thinning zone.

The specified method, which is implemented using the known solution [3], is the closest to the claimed one, and therefore can be selected as a prototype.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the structure of the layer of the stems of the trusts by reducing the angular disorientation of the stems in the layer based on their thickening before the process of layering.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that when forming a layer of stalks of bast crops, including the operations of thinning and thickening the layer, according to the invention, the layer is thickened before thinning by repeated tearing of the initial layer at a distance of more than L · sin β (where L is the average length stems; β is the maximum angle of their inclination in the layer from the perpendicular to the direction of movement), and the subsequent shift of the stems from the gap to the thinning zone, and thickening is done without increasing the thickness of the layer.

Tearing the layer before thinning by a distance of more than L · sin β makes it possible to reduce the number of stems, which will end up at the end with one end and the other after it.

The thickening of the layer by shifting the stems from the rupture to the thinning zone allows the stems to be parallelized as much as possible and thereby significantly reduce their angular disorientation in the layer. As a result of this, it is possible to increase the rate of suitability of the layer for scuffing and, as a result, to increase the yield of long fiber during subsequent machining on the milling-bobbin aggregate.

The thickening produced without increasing the thickness of the layer provides effective conditions for moving the layer from the point of its rupture to the beginning of the thinning zone. The effectiveness of such movement (without increasing the layer thickness) is explained by the exclusion of the growth of resistance forces to the movement of the stalk layer, as well as the exclusion of the growth of angular disorientation along the layer height.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the flow diagram of a disoriented stem layer in a layering machine (feeder). The stem layer 1 with significant angular disorientation moves on the conveyor to the feeder 2. After the length of the layer reaches a certain value, namely L · sin β (where L is the average length of the stems; β is the maximum angle of their inclination in the layer from the perpendicular to the direction of movement ), the layer is thickened by a special mechanism, the design of which can be different.

Figure 2 presents a view of the loaded layer before thinning.

The implementation of the method is as follows. At the stage of layer formation, before its thinning, a certain section in the layer (with a length of more than L · sin β) is selected, after which a special mechanism interacts with the selected section of the layer in the zone of its rupture and separates it from the rest of the layer. Then, the selected section of the layer is thickened mechanically. Immediately after this, the mechanism goes out of interaction with the layer, and the layer enters the dispenser of the sinking machine, where a layer of constant linear density is formed. Due to this sequence of technological operations, thickening will not increase the density of the layer exiting the layer-forming machine (feeder), but at the same time reduce the angular disorientation of the stems.

Thus, the use of this method of forming a layer of stalks of bast crops will increase its suitability for scuffing by reducing angular disorientation, which ultimately will lead to an increase in the yield of long fiber, while not requiring large capital costs for implementation.

Information sources

1. Lapshin A.B. The effect of a layer spread on the suitability of stems for scuffing [Text] ./ A.B.Lapshin, E.L. Pashin. // News of universities. Technology of the textile industry. - 2001. - No. 2. - S.33-35.

2. A.S. 655752 USSR, MKI D01B 1/32. Device for forming a layer of stalks of bast crops [Text] / L.N. Kirillov, A.E. Soldatova, S.S. Meshalkin, B.P. Karyakin, B.C. Pronkin. - Publ. 04/05/1979, Bull. No. 13.

3. A.S. 1054462 USSR, MKI D01B 1/32. Device for forming and feeding a layer of stalks of bast crops [Text] ./ T.M. Mashanova, A.E. Soldatova. - Publ. 11/15/1983, Bull. Number 42.

Claims (1)

 A method of forming a layer of stalks of bast crops, including operations of thinning and thickening the layer, characterized in that the thickening of the layer is performed before thinning by repeating tearing of the initial layer at a distance of more than L · sin β (where L is the average length of the stems; β is the maximum the angle of their inclination in the layer from the perpendicular to the direction of movement), and the subsequent shift of the stems from the rupture to the thinning zone, and thickening is carried out without increasing the thickness of the layer.

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