RU2493592C1 - Remote data collection and processing system for on-board recording equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: remote data collection and processing system for on-board recording equipment includes: a unit of a functional group of buffer trunk amplifiers, a programmable logic integrated circuit, two independent crystal oscillators, a functional switching group, a storage device, standard and technical units of a command-information interface, a system of local temperature sensors, a functional group of supply units, wherein the standard and technical units of a command-information interface have an output interface for connecting a high-speed data channel and an input interface for connecting a service control channel.

EFFECT: improved operational capabilities by enabling connection of various detectors.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of remote control of onboard recording equipment (ARB) of spacecraft (SC). The proposed system allows you to process and transmit registered data from various recording systems installed outside the pressurized volume (GO) on board the spacecraft (SC).

The closest technical solution is the patent of Russia No. 2271034 C1, which discloses an on-board autonomous system for continuous analysis and registration of information. The system contains information collection and processing devices, a transmitter, a receiver, a decoder, a decision making unit, sets of sensors, converters, filters and amplifiers, a power source, a power source converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an input data block, a control unit, laptop, timer, storage device, first, second and third level adjusters, threshold level information analysis unit, first, second and third random access memory devices, maximum amplitude allocation unit, unit in dividing the extrema count the number of cycles, the photoconductor unit limit level command unit output data recorder, a transmitter, a communication channel and a receiver with a decoder.

The main disadvantages of this system are that such a system allows you to work only with certain recording devices, controlled by certain commands with strict priority levels, and does not allow them to be changed during the experiment. However, in practice, in a real experiment, it is necessary to introduce corrections (changes) both in the composition of the recording unit and in the program unit of the collection and processing system.

The proposed system is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages.

Tasks solved with the help of the proposed system: creating a unified data collection and processing system (SSOD) used for on-board recording equipment (ARB), to which it is possible to connect various detectors. Thanks to the unified SSOD, it becomes possible not to completely change the BRA, for example, when the nodes or the block of BRA detectors become obsolete or out of order, and only change (connect) the detectors themselves to more sensitive or register other parameters (for another scientific research). This operation on PC MKC can be performed by a team of astronaut engineers on duty.

The technical result is a reduction in costs in the production and operation of ARBs, a decrease in energy consumption, an increase in the efficiency and reliability of an expensive experiment.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment includes:

- a block of a functional group of buffer trunk amplifiers (FGBMU) containing at least two input interfaces for connecting at least one external data recording system (SRD);

- a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA) which receives information from the FSBMU, at least two interfaces, while the FPGA is connected to the DRS;

- The first crystal oscillator associated with FPGA;

- a second crystal oscillator associated with the FPGA;

- a functional group of switching (FGK) having an interface for communication with a system for calibrating measurement channels (CCMS) on-board recording equipment,

- cumulative storage device (ROM) connected by a bi-directional interface to the FPGA;

- a regular node command-information interface (USII) associated bidirectional interface with FPGA;

- technological node command-information interface (USII) associated bidirectional interface with FPGA;

- a system of local temperature sensors (SLTD), connected by a bi-directional interface to the FPGA;

- a functional group of power modules (FGMP) supplying power to each of the above units,

at the same time, the standard and technological UKII have an output interface for connecting a high-speed information transmission channel (KPI) and an input interface for connecting a service control channel.

The first input interface of the FSBMU block receives information from the SRD via the logical measurement channel, and the second from the amplitude measurement channel.

It is preferable to input USII interfaces in the form of MIL 1553 or SpaceWire or USB or RS422 / 485 or CAN or other necessary interfaces, and output USII interfaces in the form of MIL1553, or RS422 / 485, or CAN (with speeds of the order of 1 Mbps), or in the form of high-speed (more than 10 Mbit / s) - LVDS, LAN, SpaceWire.

It is also possible to perform the output interface of the standard and technological USII in the form of a bi-directional RS422 interface.

FPGA, as a rule, contains: a processor, programmable read-only memory (EPROM) and an input-output controller (I / O).

Preferably, the ROM is a static random access memory (SRAM) or synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM).

It is also necessary that all elements of the data acquisition and processing system for the on-board recording equipment have metal-ceramic or glass-ceramic cases and are selected from elements resistant to ionizing radiation.

The proposed system is illustrated by the following figures 1 and 2.

The functional diagram of a typical remote data acquisition and processing system (SOD), which is part of the on-board recording equipment (ARB), is presented in figure 1.

Remote SSOD is a necessary node of a distributed data acquisition and processing system (SSOD), which additionally includes a complex of on-board recording equipment (BRA-1, ..., BRA-N) and a control and data processing unit (BUOD) of the spacecraft (SC) and which capable of most efficiently (with minimal energy consumption, maximum reliability, minimum financial costs for the purchase of an expensive element base), as well as, additionally saving the spacecraft telemetry resources, to ensure the operation of the ARB in severe operating conditions tation (when placed on the outer surface of the spacecraft in a vacuum).

Each ARB from the above complex must have its own specialized, programmable (i.e., operating according to the algorithm sewn into it), necessarily integrated into this ARB.

Functionally, the ARB, as a rule, consists of the following components:

- one or more detectors - a detection system (DS);

- data recording system (DRS) from the outputs of the DS;

- systems for calibrating measurement channels (SCQI);

- switching and control unit (BKU);

- power supply system (BOT);

- data collection and processing systems (SODS).

DS is intended for conducting targeted scientific measurements. SRD is intended for:

- carrying out the removal of analog signals from detectors DS, ensuring their necessary amplification;

- conducting primary processing of the source signals from the detectors of the DS, which includes preliminary filtering of those signals from the detectors that do not carry useful physical information;

- the formation of logical and amplitude measurement channels (LCI and AKI, respectively).

The DDS can also include a coincidence-anti-coincidence matrix for quickly selecting useful events from detectors and generating a master signal that allows further registration (recording) of a useful event in NZU.

BKU is intended for:

- ARB control by discrete relay control commands (RCU) supplied by the spacecraft onboard equipment control system (SMSA);

- the issuance of information from telemetric sensors to the on-board measurement system (SBI) of the spacecraft: relay contact (КР), temperature sensor (ТД), electronic key (EC), analog sensor (АД) and docking control (КС) included in the control panel;

- for receiving on-board power by the power feeder from the SMSA and distributing it in the BOT.

BOT is designed to convert the on-board voltage into a set of voltages necessary for the operation of various systems of the ARB, to protect the circuits from overload and to change the mode of operation of the ballast by commands from the Earth or automatically at a given point in time.

SKKI is designed to calibrate individual measurement channels for ARBs during testing and during normal operation.

SSOD is a “hard” controller (operating on a constant algorithm) and consists of the following components:

- programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA);

- functional group of buffer trunk amplifiers (FGBMU);

- a functional group of crystal oscillators (KG1 and KG2);

- functional switching group (FGK);

- functional group of power modules (FGMP);

- cumulative storage device (NZU);

- nodes of the command and information interface (UKII);

- systems of local temperature sensors (SLTD).

FPGA is the core of SSOD. The main elements of FPGAs are: processor, programmable read-only memory (EPROM), input-output controller (I / O). In SSOD, you can use FPGAs both once flashed and repeatedly flashed, whose ROMs are made in the form of flash memory.

The functional group of quartz oscillators (KG1 and KG2) provides FPGA synchronization.

FSMF is designed to interface SSOD with BKU and is a combination of analog buffer voltage converters that provide stabilized supply voltages for FPGAs (1.5 V and 3.3 V) and for other components of SSOD (5 V and 3.3 V) .

The FSBMU is designed to interface SRDS and FPGAs of a remote SSOD. Interfacing with the DRS is provided through the bus interface (SHI) - an external data highway (VShMD), loaded onto the logical buffer main amplifiers of the FSBMU, connected by an internal data highway (WMD) to the FPGA.

The NZU is used to adapt the density of the output data stream (in the direction from the remote SSOD to the BUOD) to the density of the input stream (from the ARS of the ARB to the SSOD). NZU can be implemented both on the basis of static random access memory (SRAM), and on the basis of synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), if necessary, to buffer large amounts of information. The entire ROM volume is divided programmatically into two sub-buffers (sectors) to enable the independent reception and issuance of information carried out by the FPGA I / O controller.

UKII are intended:

- to withdraw the accumulated scientific information (NI) from NZU via a high-speed channel for transmitting information (KPI) to the BUOD or control and testing equipment (KPA);

- for the transmission of service information (receiving the on-board time code (KBV) (at least 1 time per day) and four-byte command words) from the BUOD or KPA to the SSOD, as well as the transmission of service information (about passing control commands to the SSOD) from the SSOD to the BUOD or KPA via the service control channel (SKU) through the MIL1553, SpaceWire, USB, RS422 / 485 or CAN interfaces or other necessary interfaces.

For the output of low-speed KPI from the SSOD to the BUOD or KPA in the UKII, such interfaces as MIL1553, RS422 / 485 or CAN (with speeds of the order of 1 Mbit / s) or high-speed (more than 10 Mbit / s) - LVDS, LAN, can be implemented SpaceWire

Depending on the conditions of the experiment and the magnitude of the flow transmitted from the SSOD to the BUOD or the control room, there is the possibility of implementing in the UKII one bi-directional interface, such as, for example, RS422 with a transmission speed of up to 1 Mbps, for the simultaneous implementation of communication channels - SKU and KPI.

In CCOD two channels of UKKI are implemented:

- full-time channel - for the exchange of data between the ARDS of the ARB and the BUOD via the KPI SKU communication channels;

- technological channel - for the exchange of data between the ARDS of the ballistic missile system and the control unit during tuning, testing and at all stages of ground testing.

SLTD represents a set of local temperature sensors installed on the heat-generating elements of the SSOD and transmitting information to the FPGA in the form of binary codes. In addition, the SSOD can also receive and process information from other temperature sensors installed on the fuel elements of the ARB.

Principles of work

Experimental data are received from the SRDS via the interface through the interface, which is a set of registers that are part of the DRS, through the measurement channels of LCI and AKI. The number of LCIs and AKIs for each ARB can be different.

Based on the experimental data received from the DDS, the ARDS performs the following actions:

1) SDOD on the basis of the logical matrix implemented in it for the logical selection of useful events in accordance with the signals, information of which is fed to the inputs of the SDDS via data lines in the form of fixed combinations of codes with LCI SRD, produces trigger signals and strobes to control the AKI;

2) simultaneously with the generation of the trigger control signal, the SSOD processor initiates a cycle for inputting the format of the primary data from the block of DRR registers through the SI and performs its overwriting into the internal input buffer memory (based on the block of FPGA registers), designed for several formats;

3) through preliminary analysis and processing of the current format of the primary data (determining the type of events, their qualitative characteristics), generates control signals (strobes) in the DRS to control the measurement channels in order to pre-select useful information from the general input data stream;

4) synchronizes the input data stream with the time stamp KBV (record labels in the format) transmitted over the communication channel SKU from the BUOD or KPA;

5) formats the selected useful information into blocks (output data formats) according to the following algorithm:

- if the density level of the input data stream exceeds the value of the previously calculated maximum allowable level (determined by the bandwidth of the data transmission channels in the BUOD), then the SSOD carries out buffering and data compression (only basic information about the registration objects is stored);

- otherwise, the data is formatted in the nominal mode (development of standard formats, including basic and additional data without compression);

- increases noise immunity of formats (adds control codes);

6) transmits digital arrays (a set of blocks with filtered experimental data) containing NI and service information in the BUOD or KPA, conducts additional buffering - filling in a special data buffer in the data transceiver (PDD), if at the moment the BUOD does not have the ability to receive them in full volume (received signal "busy" from the BUOD);

7) upon completion of registration of the current event in the NZU SSOD, the processor removes the ban on processing a new interrupt from a new event and is ready to carry out a new registration cycle.

Reliability SSOD is provided:

- the use of radiation-resistant element base in military or space design, in ceramic or metal glass cases, with an extended operating temperature range;

- the use of double “cold” redundancy. The safety of the transmitted NDDS is ensured by the application of multiple coding and duplication of information methods.

Implementation example

An example of the implementation of a remote SODO is a SODO developed for an onboard multilayer scintillation spectrometer (MSS) of charged particles (in this example, acting as an ARB), which, together with the control unit of the spectrometer modes (BURS) (in this example, playing the role of an OBU), is part of the scientific Alfa-Electron equipment (ON) planned to be installed on the Russian segment (PC) of the International Space Station (ISS) (the MSS on its outer surface is outside the GO, the BURS is inside the GO, inside the ISS PC). Alfa-Electron is intended for separate registration of flows of high-energy charged particles (electrons in the energy range from 3 MeV to 30 MeV and protons in the energy range from 30 MeV to 100 MeV) with a flux density of up to 10 ⁵ cm ² s ^-1 sr ^-1 in near-Earth space and their short-term variations - bursts (lasting from 1 ms and above), as well as for measuring time profiles and evolution of particle energy spectra during burst recording with an accuracy of 1 microsecond.

The role of the detector system in the ARB in this case is played by a multilayer scintillation detector (MSD), consisting of sixteen scintillation detectors. The outputs from individual MSD detectors are connected to the inputs of the DRS (signal conditioning amplifiers, data “latch” registers with an output to a pulse-width detector). An amplifier splitter (UR) is used to branch the generated signals into the main and backup sets of the SSOD.

A logical coincidence-anti-coincidence matrix is implemented in the ARDS for quick logical selection of useful (satisfying the selection rules) events from the detectors and the generation of a trigger (control) signal that allows further registration (recording) of information about the useful event received in the ARDS through the AKI and LCI channels, and further to NZU. Based on the trigger logic table, the SSOD generates trigger signals (strobes) delivered to peak detectors (PD) and amplitude-to-digital converters (ADCs) of the AKI.

After recording information about the current event in the NZU, it is possible to register a new event up to filling the software-defined level of accumulation of NZU. Functionally, NZU is necessary for recording (buffering) flows of useful events (high-energy charged particles) of a burst nature, which have an important (from the point of view of research) physical nature (for example, earthquake precursors, precursors of thunderstorm activity, etc.). The volume of NZU can be calculated according to criteria, for example, on the basis of three times the average speed of counting events (burst criterion) and the time of blocking the SSOD (event registration in NZU).

When a certain number of input formats of useful events is accumulated in the NZU, the SSOD processor (upon request from the BUOD) initializes the initial processing of the arrays for the analysis of the qualitative content of scientific information (for example, checking whether the sample of events matches the required burst duration, type of charged particles, energy of registered particles, etc. .P.). The primary processing algorithm also includes compression of information (for example, histogramming spectra or creating table files). Such high-quality express analysis allows you to drastically reduce (compress) the amount of output information, which increases the resources of the spacecraft telemetry system. With a positive result of the express analysis, the output array is overwritten in the NZU, from where it is to be sent to the BUOD.

Information exchange between SSOD and BUOD or KPA via SKU and KPI channels is carried out using the RS-422 interface with a speed of up to 1 Mbit / s. The transmission rate is dictated by considerations of increased reliability. If necessary and technical feasibility, an increase in the number of serial transmission channels is organized.

SSOD receives on SKU from BUOD KU to enable and disable the analog path calibration system (SKAT) of the MSS and, in accordance with the data of the KU, uses the FGK to supply power to the SKAT. The analog path includes the following devices: high-speed cascades of signal amplifiers with MSD, as well as PD and ADC with a buffer output data register.

Presented below, as an example of implementation, the MSS ARDS on Alfa-Electron can receive an input stream of events from the MSD through the UR with a limiting frequency of 25 MHz.

Functional diagram of the ARDS for Alpha-Electron "is presented in figure 2.

EFFECT: proposed SSOD, together with a high-speed MSD and electronic nodes of the logical and analog paths, ensures the operation of MSS in high-intensity particle flows and registration of short bursts of charged particles with a counting rate of up to 2.5 × 10 ⁷ particles per second, which allows statistically more reliably distinguish such true (useful) bursts from the set of background bursts, unambiguously interpret the physical nature of short bursts of particles in near-Earth space and, in their turn to go to the sources of natural disasters on Earth.

Prototype devices: On Alfa-Electron (currently successfully operating On VLASK installed on the outer surface of the PC MKC, and On ARINA installed on board the Resurs-DK1 spacecraft) have an average dead time of about 1 ms

Claims (9)

1. A remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment, including:
- a block of a functional group of buffer trunk amplifiers (FGBMU), containing at least two input interfaces for connecting at least one external data recording system (SRD);
- a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA), which receives information from the FSBMU, at least two interfaces, while the FPGA is connected to the DRS;
- The first crystal oscillator associated with FPGA;
- a second crystal oscillator associated with the FPGA;
- a functional group of switching (FGK) having an interface for communication with a system for calibrating measurement channels (CCM) of onboard recording equipment;
- cumulative storage device (ROM) associated with a bi-directional interface with the FPGA:
- A full-time node command-information interface (USII), associated bidirectional interface with FPGA;
- technological node command-information interface (USII), connected bidirectional interface with FPGA;
- a system of local temperature sensors (SLTD), connected by a bi-directional interface to the FPGA;
- a functional group of power modules (FGMP) that provides power to each of the above units,
at the same time, the standard and technological UKII have their own output interface for connecting a high-speed information transmission channel (KPI) and an input interface for connecting a service control channel (SKU). 2. A remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the first input interface of the FSBMU block receives information from the SRD via the logical measurement channel, and the second from the amplitude measurement channel. 3. A remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the USII input interfaces are MIL1553 or SpaceWire, or USB, or RS422 / 485, or CAN or other necessary interfaces. 4. A remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the USII output interfaces are MIL1553, or RS422 / 485, or CAN (with speeds of the order of 1 Mbit / s) or high-speed (more than 10 Mbps) - LVDS, LAN, SpaceWire. 5. The remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the output interface of the standard and technological USII is a bi-directional RS422 interface. 6. A remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the FPGA contains: a processor, programmable read-only memory (EPROM) and an input-output controller (HVC). 7. A remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the NZU is a static random access memory (SRAM). 8. Remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the NZU is a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM). 9. The remote data acquisition and processing system for on-board recording equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that all elements of the data collection and processing system for on-board recording equipment have ceramic-metal or glass-ceramic cases and resistance to ionizing radiation.

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