RU2490043C1 - Combined method to protect people against exposure to fire-extinguishing composition and complex for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-prevention facilities.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a fire safety complex, which includes automatic plants of fire-extinguishing with stationary pipelines with attachments for automatic and remote extinguishing in the protected room and stop devices with position sensors for manual closing of stationary pipelines of fire-extinguishing composition supply into a room, if the evacuation time may exceed the programmed delay of fire-extinguishing substance release in a remote mode or there is a possibility of local start without delay, besides, the stop valve of the complex is made in the form of a stop-switching device, with the possibility of variation of fire-extinguishing composition supply direction, at the same time the complex additionally comprises portable flexible hoses with the possibility to locally extinguish the source of fire by release of a fire-extinguishing composition, connected via stop and switching devices with automatic fire extinguishing plants, with the option to direct fire-extinguishing substance supply to stop-switching devices into portable flexible rods in a protected room, at the same time flexible hoses are equipped with stop-switching devices, which start devices, and attachments.

EFFECT: prevention of gas and powder file extinguisher exposure at people.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to stationary equipment for fire fighting equipment, and in particular to equipment providing increased safety of the fire extinguishing process by preventing the effects of gas and powder fire extinguishing composition on people during unauthorized start of automatic fire extinguishing installations in a room with people.

BACKGROUND

According to Article 83 "Requirements for automatic fire extinguishing systems and fire alarm systems" of the Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements No. 123-ФЗ, automatic fire extinguishing installations (AUP) must be provided with a device to delay the supply of gas and powder fire extinguishing substances (compositions) for the time required to evacuate people from the fire.

The analysis showed that for industrial facilities with periodic maintenance, the time required for evacuating people significantly differs during different work of personnel in a protected room. For example, for emergency evacuation of a person performing a scheduled (daily) bypass of the hangars of working (when the fire hazard is increased) gas pumping units (GPU) along the known bypass route, it will take less than 30 seconds. In this case, emergency evacuation of a person performing, for example, an irregular repair operation to change the lighting lamps under the upper ceiling of a large hangar of a stopped (when the fire hazard is lowered) GPU from an overhead crane may take several minutes.

However, the increase in the delay time for the supply of gas and powder extinguishing compounds to a few minutes due to the long time that people are evacuated from the gas compressor unit with a relatively rare repair operation carried out on a stopped unit negatively affects the extinguishing efficiency of a running unit (low fire resistance of the protected equipment requires a minimum delay for the supply of extinguishing agent). Moreover, even the increased delay does not guarantee timely evacuation of personnel during repairs (when evacuation routes can be unpredictably blocked by materials and equipment used for repairs). At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that the need to carry out a quick emergency evacuation along an unprepared route can provoke an industrial injury (in a stressful situation, a person may stumble, or, when working in cramped conditions, can hit hard).

At the same time, it is impossible to completely shut off the AUP when performing repair work in the protected room (when there is a risk of fire, for example, during welding work) since The AUP simultaneously provides the fire alarm function (according to paragraph 4.2 of the code of rules SP 5.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems are automatic. Standards and design rules). In addition, normative documents in the field of fire safety provide for the possibility of local (manual) start-up of gas and powder extinguishing agents without delay (see clause 8.2.2 of the code of rules SP 5.13130.2009), which carries additional risks (for example, gas compressor modules fire extinguishing systems with local start-up devices do not have a fence with a locking device that excludes unauthorized access to them during unit repair).

An obvious technical solution is the mechanical blocking (shutoff valve) of the supply of gas and powder extinguishing compositions to the room if the predicted time of evacuation of people exceeds the maximum delay time (selected taking into account the fire resistance of the protected equipment) or there is a possibility of local (manual) start without delay.

For example, the requirements of one of the main “western” carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system design standards, which is the NFPA 12 “Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems” (Standard 12 of the National Fire Protection Association - Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system standard), require a safety shutdown using “blocking valves” CO ₂ '' (as the main priority is the safety of people, not the protection of property).

This standard stipulates that each tube, the feed carbon dioxide, hazardous to the human CO ₂ into the room should be equipped with a special cut-off valve (from position sensor). During normal operation, these valves must be locked in the open state (the fire system is ready for operation). During maintenance, when personnel enter the protected area, the valves must be locked in the closed state in order to avoid risk to people in case of unauthorized start-up. When the valves are in the closed state, the automatic, remote and manual start is blocked, the warning signal on the operator panel is turned on. If there are people in the building, fire extinguishing in the initial stage is carried out by personnel using primary fire extinguishing means.

An additional analysis confirms that the “software” methods of blocking and delaying fire extinguishing (for example, programmatically blocking the start-up with open doors or putting the fire controller program in the “automatic start-up mode” with an increased delay time for the supply of extinguishing compositions with remote start) do not provide such a reliable guarantee personnel safety, like a simple mechanical blocking by a shut-off valve.

The disadvantage of the method of protecting people from the effects of extinguishing agent described by NFPA 12 is that the supply of extinguishing agent blocked by a shut-off valve in an automatic fire extinguishing installation becomes inaccessible to people in the protected room when fighting the initial stage of the fire.

It should be borne in mind that even with a blocked volumetric AUP (due to the impossibility of prompt evacuation of all people before the time delay for the release of the extinguishing agent expires), people in the room should be able to quickly carry out local extinguishing of the initial stage of the fire using primary fire extinguishing means. Primary fire extinguishing means are portable or mobile fire extinguishing means used to fight a fire in the initial stage of its development. In accordance with article 43 "Classification and scope of primary fire extinguishing equipment of the Technical Regulation" on fire safety requirements "No. 123-FZ: primary fire extinguishing agents are intended for use by employees of organizations, personnel of fire departments and other persons in order to fight fires and are divided into the following types:

1) portable and mobile fire extinguishers;

2) fire hydrants and means of ensuring their use;

3) fire equipment;

4) blankets to isolate the source of ignition.

The challenge facing the developers of the present invention was to prevent the effects of gas and powder fire extinguishing composition on people during unauthorized start of automatic fire extinguishing installations in a room with people in case the evacuation time may exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the fire extinguishing composition of the AUP or there is a possibility of local launch without delays, while providing staff with the ability to use a supply of extinguishing agent in a locked The first automatic fire extinguishing installation for manual fire extinguishing in the initial stage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This problem is solved by manually switching the permitted direction of supply of the extinguishing agent from stationary pipelines with nozzles for automatic and remote fire extinguishing in a protected room into portable flexible hoses for manual fire fighting in a protected room.

The technical result of the present invention is to prevent the effects of gas and powder fire extinguishing composition on people in the protected room if the evacuation time may exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the fire extinguishing composition AUP or there is a possibility of local start-up without delay, while allowing staff to use the supply of fire extinguishing composition in locked automatic fire extinguishing installation for manual fire extinguishing.

A combined method of protecting people in a room from the effects of a fire extinguishing composition is given during unauthorized start-up of gas or powder automatic fire extinguishing installations with stationary pipelines with nozzles for supplying a fire extinguishing composition and shut-off devices with position sensors on stationary pipelines to shut off the supply of a fire extinguishing composition to the room, which consists in that before people enter the premises, the fire automatics of automatic fire extinguishing installations are transferred from the machine of the operating mode to the remote control mode for starting the extinguishing agent into the room with a programmed delay time, counted up after the fire automatics received the operator’s remote start command, manually close the locking device with a position sensor if the evacuation time may exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the extinguishing agent in remote mode or there is a possibility of local start-up without delay, characterized in that, additionally manually they switch the supply of the extinguishing agent from closed stationary pipelines to portable flexible hoses equipped with shut-off and starting devices, starting devices and nozzles for extinguishing the local fire source by an operator with the manual delivery of the extinguishing agent to the fire sources in the protected room.

Fire fighting system with the function of protecting people in the room from the effects of a fire extinguishing agent during unauthorized starting of gas and powder automatic fire extinguishing installations, including automatic fire extinguishing systems with stationary pipelines with nozzles for automatic and remote fire extinguishing in a protected room and shut-off devices with position sensors for manually shutting off stationary pipelines supply of extinguishing agent to a room with people, if the time of evacuation of people may be to increase the programmed delay time for the release of the extinguishing agent in the remote mode or there is a possibility of local start-up without delay, characterized in that the locking device of the complex is made in the form of a locking-switching device, with the possibility of changing the supply direction of the extinguishing agent, the complex additionally contains portable flexible hoses with the possibility of local extinguishing of the fire by the operator due to the release of the extinguishing agent, connected through shut-off and switching devices with automatic fire extinguishing installations, with the possibility of directing the supply of the extinguishing agent with shut-off devices to portable flexible hoses in the protected room, while the flexible hoses are equipped with shut-off devices, starting devices and nozzles.

However, if the evacuation time of the personnel performing the planned work does not exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the fire extinguishing agent composition and there is no likelihood of a local start-up without delay, the personnel can enter the room after first transferring the AUP from the automatic start mode of the fire extinguisher to the remote start mode (when the delay start-up is maximum), without blocking the AUP shut-off device.

The combined use of a programmed delay increase (by switching the AUP to the automatic start prohibition mode) during a short visit to the protected AUP room and mechanical blocking of the AUP (shut-off devices that change the direction of supply of the extinguishing agent into flexible hoses for manual fire fighting) during long-term repair work in the room allows personnel to effectively manage the risk of exposure to people from the hazards of the fire fighting process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 - block diagram of a combined method of protecting people from exposure to a fire extinguishing composition;

Figure 2 - block diagram of a fire complex with the function of protecting people from the effects of fire extinguishing composition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 presents in a block diagram of a sequence of actions for implementing a combined method of protecting people from exposure to gas and powder fire extinguishing composition, where:

Stage 1 - before entering the room protected by the AUP, the staff transfers the AUP from the initial "automatic start" mode to the "automatic start off" mode ("remote start"). Additionally, the staff assesses the maximum time for evacuating people from the premises during the planned work, comparing it with the programmed delay time for the remote release of the fire extinguishing agent AUP in the "automatic start off" mode;

Stage 2 - if the time of evacuation of the personnel performing the planned work does not exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the fire extinguishing agent AUP and there is no likelihood of local start-up without delay, the staff enters the room. When a fire is detected, personnel leave the room and make a remote start of the AUP;

Stage 3 - in the event that the evacuation time of the personnel performing the planned work may exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the fire extinguishing agent AUP or there is a possibility of local start-up without delay, then the personnel, before entering the premises, additionally use locking-switching devices with position sensors that change the initial direction of supply of the extinguishing agent:

blocked flow to stationary pipelines with nozzles for automatic and remote extinguishing in a protected room;

the supply opens to portable flexible hoses in the protected room, equipped with locking and starting devices, triggering devices and nozzles for extinguishing the fire site by the operator by releasing the extinguishing agent, with a manual method for delivering to the fire site, actuating and controlling the fire extinguishing composition.

Stage 4 - after completion of work, the staff leaves the room and returns the AUP to its original position:

unlocks (returning the locking-switching devices to their original position) previously blocked stationary pipelines AUP;

transfers fire automatics from the "automatic start off" mode ("remote start") to the initial "automatic start" mode.

Figure 2 presents a preferred block diagram of a fire complex with the function of protecting people from the effects of fire extinguishing composition, where:

5 - vessels for a fire extinguishing composition (substance) with locking and starting devices;

6 - stationary pipelines;

7 - locking switching devices with position sensors;

8 - stationary pipelines with nozzles;

9 - portable flexible hoses, where each is equipped with a locking-starting device, starting device and nozzle;

10 - control panel fire and control;

11 - fire detectors;

12 - remote start devices;

13 - automatic start shutdown device;

14 - control panel of the control panel of the control and fireman;

15 - personnel alert system.

The claimed invention provides a combined method of protecting people from the effects of a fire extinguishing composition, which is provided by the sequence of actions shown in the block diagram (see Figure 1).

The preferred embodiment of the invention involves the use of AUP with the function of protecting people from the effects of fire extinguishing composition (see Figure 2) that implements automatic, remote and manual modes of operation of the fire complex:

1. The automatic mode of operation of the complex is used when there are no people in the protected room:

1) In automatic mode, the shut-off device 7 should be in the main position "START AUP PERMITTED" when the supply of extinguishing medium to stationary pipelines with nozzles 8 for automatic and remote extinguishing in a protected room is open. The position of the locking and switching device 7 is controlled by the remote control 10 (automatic and remote release of the extinguishing agent is permitted by the remote control 10 only in the main position of the locking and switching device 7).

2) When a fire notification is generated by fire detectors 11, the control panel 10 without delay generates commands for an emergency shutdown of the technological equipment. After checking the position of the locking-switching device 7 remote 10, after a minimum technological delay (including stopping ventilation and closing the dampers in the protected room), issues commands to the vessels for the extinguishing agent 5 for the automatic release of the extinguishing agent.

3) The extinguishing composition from the vessels 5 through the pipe 6 enters the shut-off device 7. Through the shut-off device 7, which is in the main position "START AUP RESOLVED", the extinguishing composition through the pipelines with nozzles 8 enters the protected room.

2. Remote operation of the complex (used if the time of evacuation of personnel performing the planned work in the protected room does not exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the fire extinguishing composition of the AUP and there is no likelihood of a local launch without delay):

1) Before entering the protected AUP room, the personnel puts the AUP into the "automatic start off" mode by sending a command from the device 13 to the console 10 (after the personnel leaves the protected AUP of the room, the operator restores the automatic start-up mode of the AUP from the control panel 14 of the console 10) .

2) In the remote mode, the shut-off device 7 should be in the main position "START AUP ALLOWED" when the supply of extinguishing agent to stationary pipelines with nozzles for automatic and remote extinguishing in a protected room is open. The position of the locking and switching device 7 is controlled by the remote control 10 (automatic and remote release of the extinguishing agent is permitted by the remote control 10 only in the main position of the locking and switching device 7).

3) Upon receipt of a signal from the remote start device 12, the remote control 10 without delay generates commands for an emergency stop of the technological equipment. After checking the position of the locking-switching device 7, the console 10, after a delay (including stopping ventilation, closing the shutters in the protected room and evacuating personnel from the room) issues commands to the vessels for the extinguishing agent 5 for the remote release of the extinguishing agent.

4) The extinguishing composition from the vessels 5 through the pipe 6 enters the shut-off device 7. Through the shut-off device 7, which is in the main position "START AUP RESOLVED", the extinguishing composition through the pipelines with nozzles 8 enters the protected room.

3. Manual mode of operation of the complex (used if the time of evacuation of personnel performing the planned work in the protected room may exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the fire extinguishing agent AUP or there is a possibility of local launch without delay):

1) Before entering the protected AUP room, the personnel puts the AUP into the "automatic start off" mode by sending a command from the device 13 to the console 10 (after the personnel leaves the protected AUP of the room, the operator restores the automatic start-up mode of the AUP from the control panel 14 of the console 10) .

2) In manual mode, the locking device 7 must be in the additional position "START AUP IS FORBIDDEN" when the supply of extinguishing agent to the stationary pipelines with nozzles 8 for automatic and remote extinguishing in a protected room is closed. At the same time, the supply of the extinguishing agent to the portable flexible hoses 9 is open, each of which is equipped with a locking-starting device, a starting device and a nozzle, for manual fire extinguishing in a protected room. The position of the locking and switching device 7 is controlled by the remote control 10 (automatic and remote release of the extinguishing agent is permitted by the remote control 10 only in the main position "STARTUP is ALLOWED" of the locking and switching device 7, and manual release only in the additional position "STARTUP is PROHIBITED").

3) When a fire is visually detected, personnel use the locking and starting and starting devices of the flexible hose 9. When receiving a signal from the starting device of the flexible hose 9, the console 10 without delay generates commands for emergency shutdown of the process equipment and vessels for the extinguishing agent 5 to release the extinguishing agent.

4) The extinguishing agent from the vessels 5 through the pipe 6 enters the shut-off device 7. Through the shut-off device 7, which is in the additional position "START AUP IS FORBIDDEN", and a portable flexible hose 9 with an open shut-off and starting device, the extinguishing agent enters to the protected room. In this case, the flexible hose 9 is used to extinguish the fire by the operator due to the release of the fire extinguishing composition, with a manual method of delivering to the fire, driving and extinguishing the fire extinguishing composition.

About any change in the operating mode of the AUP (including the position of the locking-switching device 7), the console 10 informs the personnel through the warning system 15.

The combined method of protecting people from the effects of a fire extinguishing composition (according to Figure 1) can be recommended for use in organizing an economical fire-fighting complex with the function of protecting people from the effects of a fire extinguishing composition (according to Figure 2), because at the same time provides personnel with both the ability to manage the risk of exposure to people from dangerous fire extinguishing factors, and the ability to use a supply of fire extinguishing composition in a locked automatic fire extinguishing installation for manual fire extinguishing.

For example, in accordance with the Gazprom Fire Protection Concept, for the protection of the power unit (compartment under the casing of a gas turbine engine), the gas compressor unit uses carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) AUP.

An analysis of the safety issues associated with the use of CO ₂ shows that the air we breathe contains approximately 0.03% volumetric CO ₂ (300 ppm), but this content naturally increases in enclosed spaces where people are located or technological operations are performed. People exhale CO ₂ , so in the absence of proper ventilation, the CO ₂ level in the room can increase ten times, reaching 0.3% or more. With an increase in the concentration of CO _2, air is displaced, which leads to a corresponding decrease in the oxygen content. This causes drowsiness and worsens the coordination of movements, and with further growth up to 3%, breathing becomes noticeably difficult, tachycardia and headache occur. Above this level, breathing is even more difficult and loss of consciousness is likely. Concentrations of more than 10% are extremely dangerous. Carbon dioxide fire protection systems provide a volume concentration of over 30%. Therefore, it is necessary to take all possible measures to evacuate personnel from the room before it is filled with CO ₂ . As a result, it is imperative to prevent the accidental release of CO ₂ .

We can conclude that to reduce the negative impact of the "human factor" (for example, errors when programming the control panel of the control and fireman) on the safety of people working for a long time (conducting complex repair work in cramped conditions) in a protected AUP compartment under the gas turbine cover engine, and taking into account the possibility of local AUP start-up without delay (gas fire extinguishing modules with local start-up devices do not have a guard with a locking device that excludes unauthorized access to them during the repair of the unit), it is advisable to equip each pipeline supplying CO ₂ to the power unit with a special locking device with a position sensor.

An additional analysis of foreign projects of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems (for example, the project for the fire protection of a gas turbine MS5002E from GE Power Systems Oil & Gas) confirms that to ensure the safety of people, Western designers without fail equip shut-off valves with pipelines supplying CO ₂ under the casing of the gas turbine engine of the GPU.

As such a locking device, a switching tap (with a feedback sensor) can be installed at the output of the collector connected to the gas fire extinguishing (IHP) modules (with a feedback sensor) to select the direction of supply of the extinguishing gas:

- into the AUP distribution piping system with nozzles aimed at the protected equipment in the compartment under the casing of the gas turbine engine;

- in flexible hoses, each of which is equipped with a locking-starting device, a starting device and a nozzle for forming a CO ₂ jet.

Additional optimization of fire protection is achieved using one set of IHL, both for automatic and "manual" fire extinguishing:

- IHL are used both as an element of the automatic control unit of the power unit at the operating unit, and as primary fire extinguishing means at the abandoned gas compressor unit;

- if necessary, it is possible to provide for the use of gas fire extinguishing modules for “manual” extinguishing, not only under the casing of a gas turbine engine, but also in the shelter of a stopped gas compressor unit.

The invention is based on the manual switching of the supply direction of the extinguishing agent from stationary pipelines with nozzles for automatic and remote extinguishing in a protected room into portable flexible hoses equipped with a locking-starting device, a starting device and a nozzle, for manual fire extinguishing in a protected room.

The claimed invention has the advantage when it cannot be guaranteed that the time of evacuation of personnel working in the protected AUP premises does not exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the extinguishing agent or there is a possibility of local launch without delay since at the same time, it provides personnel with the opportunity to manage the risk of exposure to people from dangerous fire extinguishing factors, as well as the ability to use a supply of fire extinguishing composition in a locked automatic fire extinguishing installation for manual fire extinguishing.

The present invention has been described in detail with reference to a preferred embodiment, however, it is obvious that it can be implemented in various ways, without going beyond the stated scope of legal protection defined by the claims.

Claims (2)

1. A combined method of protecting people in a room from the effects of a fire extinguishing composition during unauthorized starting of gas or powder automatic fire extinguishing systems with stationary pipelines with nozzles for supplying a fire extinguishing composition and shut-off devices with position sensors on stationary pipelines to shut off the supply of a fire extinguishing composition to the room, which consists in that before people enter the premises, the fire automatics of automatic fire extinguishing installations are transferred from automatically on the operating mode in the remote control mode for starting the extinguishing agent into the room with a programmed response delay time, counted up after the fire automatics received the operator’s remote start command, manually close the locking device with a position sensor if the evacuation time may exceed the programmed delay time for the release of the extinguishing agent in remote mode or there is a possibility of local start-up without delay, characterized in that it is additionally manually Luciano supplying extinguishing agent from overlapped stationary pipelines portable hoses equipped with locking and triggering devices, triggering devices and nozzles for extinguishing local fire hearth by the operator with manual delivery of extinguishing agent to the sources of fire in the protected room. 2. Fire fighting system with the function of protecting people in the room from the effects of a fire extinguishing agent during unauthorized starting of gas and powder automatic fire extinguishing systems, including automatic fire extinguishing systems with stationary pipelines with nozzles for automatic and remote fire extinguishing in a protected room and shut-off devices with position sensors for manual overlap stationary pipelines for supplying extinguishing agent to a room with people, if the time of evacuation of people can to increase the programmed delay time for the release of the extinguishing agent in the remote mode or there is a possibility of local start-up without delay, characterized in that the shut-off device of the complex is made in the form of a shut-off and switch device with the ability to change the supply direction of the extinguishing agent, the complex additionally contains portable flexible hoses local extinguishing of the fire by the operator due to the release of the extinguishing agent, connected through shut-off and switching devices automatic fire extinguishing to direct the fire extinguishing composition shut-switching devices in portable hoses inside the protective room, the hoses are equipped with locking and triggering devices, triggering devices and nozzles.

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