RU2488432C2 - Making of water-fuel emulsion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preparation of emulsions and may be used for production of water-fuel emulsions for engines and burners as well as colloids in other fields of engineering emulsification of fluids with light and heavy fractions. Water-fuel emulsion is produced by combine electric and hydraulic effects. Said effects are created in working chamber with stored portion of water to direct excited hydraulic flows into two channels. One flow is directed through baffle with holes composed of Laval-nozzle. Hydraulic flows in channels with light hydrocarbon fraction are created in transfer of electric-hydraulic shock via baffle consisting of two plates squeezing flexible plate. Compressed portion of every fraction is forced via separate channels with accelerating Laval nozzles. Light fraction is forced in rarefaction zone of inlet Laval nozzle with heavy fraction.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of emulsification at power savings.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the use of water as a fuel component for engines and burners, and can also be used to create colloidal solutions in other areas of technology: in the chemical industry; in construction; in agriculture; in medicine; in pharmacology; when emulsifying liquids with a heavy and light fraction, including for their sterilization and disinfection

The first patent for the use of water as a fuel component was received by the inventor of internal combustion engines, Nikolaus Otto, at the end of the 19th century.

During the development of this technical field, methods have been developed for the cyclical production of water-fuel emulsions (VTE), based on the fact that the dispersion and mixing of the initial VTE fractions is carried out due to cavitation effects excited with the accompanying ultrasonic vibrations ("liquid whistle"), ejection, centrifugal forces , dispersing water and crushing it on an obstacle. (Textbook "Water-fuel emulsions in marine diesel engines", L.1). The calorific value of emulsions created by these methods allows them to be used as an alternative fuel only with a low water content as a fuel component (5-10%), and a large mechanical energy is expended on dispersing a jet of liquid to initiate cavitation effects.

There is a method of slightly increasing the efficiency of VTE (up to 20% water content) due to the use of intensive counter flows when mixing fractions (patent SU 1768790, L.2).

There is also a method of increasing the efficiency of VTE by electrohydrodynamics, proposed for use in the description of the operation of the system for feeding dispersible and mixed emulsion fractions into the cylinders of diesel engines (patent RU 2015399, L.Z).

In this system, the operational sequence for creating VTE is limited to the fact that the dispersant, which is a solid vessel with electrodes, is first filled with liquid hydrocarbon fuel together with water, then high-voltage electric discharges are carried out in it and physical phenomena and effects that weaken the bonds of molecular structures are used for dispersion and mixing substances and arising from electric discharges in liquids as a result of exposure to VTE components: shock waves with impulse pressures up to 1000 atm. in excited hydroflows; intense cavitation; thermal shock; high-frequency vibrations of the medium; as well as vibrations of excited field electromagnets (L.4).

The proposed operational sequence for the creation of VTE by electrohydraulic action does not allow efficient use of the energy of electrohydroshocks to create VTE with high calorific value for the following main reasons:

1. The shock energy of the excited hydroflows in the dispersant vessel with a geometrically unspecified shape is distributed unevenly and the effect of dispersion and mixing of the entire mass of fractions accumulated in the vessel without introducing additional electric energy is reduced.

2. During an electrical breakdown of an ion-conducting fluid between the electrodes, a cavitation cavity arises around the discharge channel, the temperature in which rises to 40,000 degrees. The state of the substance in the gas-vapor jacket of the cavity is inhomogeneous and smoothly transitions from the state of the plasma to the state of a normal liquid as it moves away from the axis of the channel. The plasma state of matter along the channel axis is formed due to the release of the energy of the splitting of the liquid molecules by electron and ion flows accelerated by a high-voltage electric field and is enhanced by the oxidation of decay products (A.4). The water present between the electrodes together with the hydrocarbon fuel during the breakdown delivers oxygen to the plasma of the cavitation cavity, which oxidizes the hydrocarbon fuel molecules. The percentage of fuel in VTE entering the engine cylinders is reduced. The calorific value of VTE is also proportionally reduced.

3. The aqueous (heavy) fraction is not further processed to reduce the ionization potential and is not able to make up for the loss of hydrocarbon charge.

4. To further weaken the molecular bonds in the heavy fraction material, it is necessary to increase the high-voltage voltage and power of electrohydroshock, while it is necessary to take additional safety measures and reduce the ability to work in real time, without liquefying and accumulating VTE before being fed to the engine due to inertial processes in electrical high-voltage equipment, and the gain in the calorific value of VTE may be lost for the reason stated in clause 2.

Technical problems that are rationally solved when implementing the invention on the basis of the proposed method are to increase the calorific value of VTE with a high water content as a fuel component while reducing energy costs for the creation of VTE, to improve the environmental safety and performance of VTE when used as fuel for engines and burners.

To achieve this technical result, in the proposed method for creating a water-fuel emulsion, which consists in using the energy of electrohydraulic action, dispersing and mixing the method for creating a fuel-oil emulsion, which is using the energy of electro-hydraulic action, dispersing and mixing the initial portions of each fraction is carried out in the following operational sequence: electro-impacts are carried out in the accumulated portion water, at the geometrical location of the focus of two adjacent, curvature frost-concave dielectric reflective surfaces having a profile of the shape of second-order rotation surfaces forming the working compartments, thereby ensuring a uniform distribution of the excited hydraulic flows throughout the volume of the compartments; the fronts of the hydroflow pulses are directed on one side of the focus of the reflective surfaces into a perforated partition with different diameters and chamfers of holes forming simple Laval nozzles, thereby enhancing the volumetric cavitation dispersion of the accumulated portion of water, and on the other side of the focus is directed to a combined partition consisting of two perforated plates, compressing the elastic plate so that along the entire perforated surface between the aligned holes the elasticity effect was removed and the working compartments were sealed and a portion of the accumulated hydrocarbon fraction was protected from partial burn-out upon excitation of electric impacts; then, hydro-shock pressure is accumulated in portions of each fraction, concentrated in the direction of the exhaust valve by giving a cone-shaped geometric shape to the accumulating compartment, and a compressed portion of each fraction is passed through separate channels equipped with Laval accelerating nozzles made of dielectric materials to maintain the reduction level achieved in the working compartments the ionization potential of the molecular structures of the substance of the mixed fractions and converting fractions under the accumulated pressure to high codisperse stable mixture, behaving like a gas stream due to cavitation-ejection influences, further reducing the ionization potential, while pairing is carried out by introducing a stream from the outlet of the channel with a light, hydrocarbon fraction into the discharge zone of the Laval inlet nozzles with a heavy, water fraction, thereby ensuring effective emulsification of fractions and the formation of new allotropic forms of VTE molecular components, increasing their calorific value and environmental safety when used in achestve fuel for engines and burners.

The technical result in the present invention is also achieved by the fact that the stream of at least a heavy fraction in the interface zone of the channels is passed through an annular gap and a cavity with the formation of turbulence of the stream, initiating high-frequency (ultrasonic) vibrations in the conjugate stream, thereby enhancing the conversion process of the mixed 41RZKTSIY in the flow of a foggy mixture, prone to colloidal reactions.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the effect of the formation of new, allotropic molecular forms of fuel in VTE is enhanced by a complex effect on the flows of mixed fractions formed by electrohydroshocks by multipolar magnetic fields (A.5), pulsed broadband electromagnetic fields (L. 5,6) and thermal effect ( L.5).

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that for the resonant action of the atoms of the molecules and molecules of the substance of the mixed fractions, broadband electromagnetic fields are formed using pulses of an electric shock formation circuit.

The main fragments of the technical implementation of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows the electric circuit for reproducing an electric shock and its components: R-charging resistance; Tr-transformer; V-rectifier; C-capacitor; OI pulse sharpener; E-electrodes; RP-working (spark) gap in the liquid.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the combined graphs of voltage pulses (U) on the electrodes and discharge current pulses (I) in the usual version of the OI (air gap) and in the experimental version (Ie).

Figure 3 shows the mechanism of the formation of resonant effects to weaken the molecular bonds of the substance of the dispersed and mixed fractions: the F-frequency of the following sharpened current pulses, exciting electromagnetic action; Δ Fш - frequency spectrum of excited broadband electromagnetic waves; ΔFr-frequency range of electromagnetic oscillations of the molecular globules of the dispersed substance of the mixed fractions exposed to resonant effects.

Figure 4 shows the geometric shape of the catenoid.

Figure 5 shows a technical sketch of an embodiment of the proposed method for creating VTE.

The dielectric working compartments 1 and 2 of the electro-hydraulic nozzle are milled according to a catenoid-shaped copier (Figure 4). Depending on the operational purpose of the nozzle, the inner ends of the electro-hydraulic electrodes 3 and 4 are located at a predetermined distance from the center of the catenoid in the Z or X (Y) plane with the possibility of its regulation to adjust the electrical excitation circuit of the electro-shock. Figure 5 shows a variant of the nozzle with the location of the electrodes 3 and 4 in the Z plane.

In this embodiment, the storage compartments 5 and 6 are milled from a dielectric according to a copier having the shape of a hemisphere with a cone-shaped formation displaced to the base, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the base of the catenoid. In the upper part, the accumulation compartments 5 and 6 are equipped with inlet valves 7 and 8. The working compartment 1 is docked with the accumulation compartment 5 through a perforated partition 9. The holes in which are milled using a copier having the shape profile of a simple Laval nozzle so that the structural strength of the partition 9 is achieved due to the difference in the diameters of the external and internal passages of the Laval nozzles, and the working compartment 2 is docked with the storage compartment 6 through a combined partition 10, consisting of two perforated for simple half nozzles and Laval plates 11 and 12, compressing the elastic plate 13 so that between all combined for the formation of Laval nozzles, the holes provided an elastic membrane effect and reliable sealing was made between the 6th and adjacent compartments 1, 2, 5,

Compartments 1, 2, 5 through the inlet valve 7 are filled under pressure with a portion of the heavy fraction-water and electrohydroshocks are carried out in them. Compartment 6 is designed for synchronous accumulation in it under pressure through the inlet valve 8 of a portion of a light fraction of hydrocarbon fuel and for the implementation of cavitating hydraulic shocks arising from the reflection of hydraulic flows by the elastic parts of the plate 13 in the 2nd working compartment. In the cone-shaped formations of the storage compartments 5 and 6, grooves 14 and 15 are made in the form of Laval nozzles, the outlets of which are equipped with trapezoidal valves 16 and 17, which form annular slots 18 and 19 when opening. The groove 14 serves as the input of the accelerating-cavating channel of the heavy fraction of water (RVC) ), consisting of alternating nozzles - Laval nozzles 20 and 21, and the groove 15 serves as the input of the accelerating-cavitating channel of the light hydrocarbon fraction (ECU) with the Laval nozzle 22. The cavity 23 in the channel mating zone together with the annular gap 18 form a highly frequent ny vibrator VTE mixed particles. Positions N-S, S-S, N-N indicate the layout options for magnetic effects of different polarity in the accelerating-cavitating channels, the position of the SEM - the effects of broadband electromagnetic fields, the position of the TV - the zone of thermal effects.

The mechanism for creating VTE is as follows.

After an electric discharge is carried out between the electrodes 3 and 4, a cavitation cavity develops, which sharply creates a powerful (up to 1000 atm) pressure gradient in working compartments 1 and 2, involving the molecular structures of water in the hydraulic flows that destroy them, horn-normalized by the reflective surfaces of the working compartments in the direction of propagation in the direction in per4urized septum 9 and in the opposite direction, limited by combined partition 10. Due to these pressures in the storage compartment 5 by Laval nozzles perforated perforated Odin 9, an intense volumetric cavitation process is excited, which is supported by Laval accelerating nozzles 20 and 21 along the entire path of movement of dispersed molecular structures of water through the flow channel of the RVC and is enhanced by the mechanism of molecular bond destruction due to the passage of the flow in the zones of action of ultrasonic flow oscillations in the cavity 23 and external magnetic, electromagnetic and thermal fields.

As a result of complex effects, a stream with a water fraction at the outlet of the Laval nozzle 21 without mixing with a hydrocarbon fraction is structured as a stream in the form of misty water monomolecules with a weakened ionization potential.

At the same time, after the electrohydroshock is carried out, the elastic energy of the hydroshock is transformed from the compartment 6 into the ECC channel by the elastic elements 13 of the combined partition 10, exciting the cavitationally dispersing process of movement of the accumulated portion along this channel, equipped with additional exposure zones to reduce the ionization potential of the molecular structures of the hydrocarbon fraction.

Under the action of pressure of cavitating hydroflows and a vacuum-suction mechanism in the area of the cavity 23, VTE flows are pulsedly mixed, accompanied by the effects of ultrasonic vibrations arising due to the formation of vortex flows during the ejection of a portion of the aqueous fraction from the annular gap 18 of the open valve 16 into the cavity 23.

In the process of further accelerated motion of the mixed fractions along the RVC channel, during successive cavitation-dispersing actions combined with the action of magnetic field molecules, resonant electromagnetic fields, and also thermal fields on the globules, in the zones of these actions protected from the recombination of weakened molecular bonds by a dielectric shell , the process of dissociation of the molecules of the substance of the mixed fractions and the formation of new, allotropic forms of VTE, which have an increased calorific value, is enhanced lities and environmental safety because the combustion of VTE completely retained calorific value of the accumulated portion of the hydrocarbon fuel and the calorific value is added excited by ignition of the hydrocarbon, the hydrogen combustion processes according to the reactions:

$$2H_2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="O"\; filenames="00000008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">O</figure-callout>}}_2=2H_{2}O;\text{(one)}$$

$$\mathrm{four}{H}^{\oplus }+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="O"\; filenames="00000008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">O</figure-callout>}}_2={(2H_{2}O)}^{\oplus };\text{(2)}$$

while the amount of toxic components such as CO ₂ and CH is reduced by the fact that the specified indicator power is achieved when less hydrocarbons are burned by the reactions:

$$HnCk+y(O_2)+g(N_2)+---\Rightarrow C{O}_2+CH+CO+H_{2}O+CHO+C+NO+N{O}_2+---(3)$$

and the amount of toxic components like NO and NO ₂ decreases because when hydrogen is burned by reactions (1) and (2), it is partially oxidized by oxygen released from weakened aqueous molecular structures, and the air supply can be proportionally reduced.

The fuel combustion efficiency according to reactions (1) and (2) in the present invention can be further improved due to the condensation of water vapor with weakened molecular bonds according to reactions (1), (2), (3) and its use to create VTE.

Used sources of information.

1. Lebedev O.N., Somov V.A., Sisin V.D. Water-fuel emulsions in marine diesel engines. L .: Shipbuilding, 1988,

2. Patent SU 1768790 A1, F / 02 M 25/02, 10.15.92., Bull. No. 38.

3. Patent RU 2015399 C1, 5F / 02M 25/02, 06.30.94.

4. Yutkip L.A. Electro-hydraulic effect. M .: Mashgiz, 1955

5. Andreev E.I. et al. Natural energy. - St. Petersburg: Nestor, 2000

6. Akimov A.E. Horizons of science and technology. M .: Folium, 2000

Claims (5)

1. The method of creating a water-fuel emulsion by electrohydraulic action, characterized in that the dispersion and mixing of the initial portions of each fraction of the emulsion is carried out in the following operational sequence: electro-impacts are carried out in the accumulated portion of water, at the geometrical location of the focus of two adjacent reflective surfaces having a profile of the shape of the surfaces of rotation of the curves of the second order and forming working compartments for each mixed fraction; the fronts of the pressure pulses of the excited hydroflows are directed, on the one hand, from the focus of the reflective surfaces to a perforated partition with different diameters and chamfers of holes forming simple Laval nozzles, and on the other hand, to a combined partition consisting of two perforated plates compressing an elastic plate so that over the entire perforated surface between the aligned holes, the effect of elasticity was maintained and sealing was ensured; then, hydro-shock pressure is accumulated in portions of each fraction, concentrated in the direction of the exhaust valve by conical shape of the accumulating compartment, and a compressed portion of each fraction is passed through separate channels equipped with Laval booster nozzles made of dielectric materials, while the channels for mixing the fractions are conjugated by introducing a stream from the outlet of the channel with a light, hydrocarbon fraction into the rarefaction zone of the inlet nozzles of the Laval channel with a heavy, water fraction. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the flow of the heavy fraction in the mating zone of the channels is passed through an annular gap and a cavity. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixed flows are complexly affected by multipolar magnetic fields, pulsed broadband electromagnetic fields, as well as thermal exposure. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the broadband electromagnetic fields are formed using pulse sharpeners of the electric shock generating circuit. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, depending on the operational purpose of the water-fuel emulsion: liquefaction and supply to the fuel tank, feed to the burner, feed to the carburetor or injection under pressure, the quantitative ratio of the mixed fractions is regulated by changing the volumes of the compartments divided by the combined a partition, a change in the frequency, voltage and power of electric shock, injection of an additional portion of hydrocarbon fuel into the channel interface.

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