RU2486340C2 - Layered room-and-pillar system with complete stowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: tubing block is exposed over height in two levels. Top level is vent-and-waste floor to release all air from tubing block and to feed stowing mix in breakage heading. Bottom level is haulage level and serves to feed fresh air for mining operations and haulage of all rocks from tubing block to shafts. Spiral descent is made for entire height of tubing block with entries to layer drifts, ore and delivery entries. Divided layer is developed by cul-de-suc miner with pillar width equal to that of cut. Attachment and formation of stowing bulk are made. Breakage cutting is performed by miner transversely to direction of strata and pillars are installed. Heading is vented by local blowers.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and safety.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to underground mining of minerals in a layered recess with the laying of the developed space with a hardening mixture and can be used in the refinement of kimberlite deposits by the underground method.

A known method for the development of co-occurring steeply dipping low-power ore bodies in stable and medium-stable rocks, including the mining of the reserves of the treatment unit by a lay-out recess in descending order with the laying of the worked-out space with a hardening mixture, conducting on the layers of rifted workings, the mining of ore bodies by doubled in height layers of treatment openings along the strike ore deposit, with the extraction of ore bodies of the upper layer from undeveloped treatment openings of the lower layer, in which, after mining the reserves of the upper layer I go through rifled excavations across the strike of ore bodies below the soil of the worked out layer at a distance equal to twice the height of the layer, with the height of the rifled excavation equal to the height of the treatment run, the worked out space of the treatment runs is laid with a hardening mixture, and the ore pillar of the upper layer left above the cut is removed production, and the width of the ore pillar is determined from the mathematical expression (Patent No. 2209972, Е21С 41/22, decl. 07/04/2001, publ. 08/10/2003. Bull. No. 22).

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity and costs of implementing the method. This is due to the following. The basic procedure for the extraction of reserves is top-down, but the development of reserves in the layer is conventionally divided into two stages and is carried out in an ascending order, this requires additional costs for maintaining the roof and sides of the mine. When working out the upper part of the treatment layer, it is quite difficult to control the side and roof of the treatment mine; before rolling the rock mass from the pile, it is necessary to frill the pins or fasten, and from the pile it means manually.

A known method of developing ore bodies, including the extraction of minerals from top to bottom in the boundaries of the excavation site, mining sites with cameras of the first and second stage, the formation of inter-chamber pillars and the laying of the worked out space by feeding filling mixtures into it. The processed chambers of the first and second stages are formed from a split drift in a checkerboard pattern relative to the axis of the split drift, and interchamber pillars opposite each other, after working off the chambers, the cameras of the first and second stage and the worked space and interchamber pillars of the upper layer are laid with hardening mixtures, then the lower layer cameras of the first and second stage with the abandonment of inter-chamber pillars and their subsequent mining, cameras of the first and second stage of the lower layer are laid with hardening mixtures and the worked out space of the interchamber pillars of the lower layer is made of a cementless clay-based bookmark with the addition of filler and ash, and the laying of the chambers of the first and second stages and the worked out space and interchamber pillars are reinforced in the lower part by 1/3 of the height of the upper layer, and a split drift of each layer after mining the site is laid using hardening mixtures (Patent No. 2280765 "Method for the development of ore bodies", Е21С 41/22, application. April 18, 2005, publ. 07/27/2006. Bull. No. 21).

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity due to the features of the mining technology, and additional costs to ensure the safety of mining. Driving a split drift in the center of a mined area of the ore body and mining the chambers from it in both directions significantly increase the outcrops at the entrance to the chambers, which requires measures to maintain them. The checkerboard checkerboard pattern in a horizontal plane from a single split drift eliminates the possibility of using additional equipment and reduces the intensity of work.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a layer-by-layer mining method with laying and combining of ore, tested at the International mine of ALROSA. The method includes conducting mining and preparatory workings — a spiral ramp to the entire height of the operating unit (EB) with races on ring layer drifts (KS), layer ore and delivery races at an angle of 8-10 ° into two excavation layers, mining the cut layer with dead-end sunset by the combine with the width of the rear sight equal to the width of the entry, fastening and the subsequent formation of the filling array. The treatment of waste treatment lead from top to bottom in three stages with the left pillars. The order of treatment works is as follows. Initially, a layer run is worked out, then the first tape of the layer to a height of 5.2 m. After this, the second step with a height of 1.55 m increases the height of the layer run and the first tape to a height of 6.75 m. Ventilation is carried out by local ventilation fans (VMP). Bookmark hardening mixtures lead through the filling wells with an overlying annular layer drift. (Patskevich P.G., Kisilichin S.A.Analysis of the results of pilot tests of a layered mining system with laying and combine blasting of ore with an increased height of treatment openings at the "Interactive" mine. - Problems of subsoil development through the eyes of young people: 6 International Scientific School for Young People scientists and specialists, November 16-20, 2009, M.: IPKON RAS, 2009. - P.224-226).

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity due to the additional cost of time to ensure the safety of mining. This is due to the fact that when practicing the first and second stages of treatment approaches from one layer run, it is quite problematic to run into the entry of mining equipment, you have to add and cut the interface soil (loss of time and productivity). Due to the additions and cuttings, a sufficiently large outcrop is formed, and, since its standing time is large, additional measures are required to maintain the sides and the roof of the interface. With the intensification of work, there will be a sufficiently high saturation of the haulage transport in the layer run, which will affect the safety and productivity of the work. In addition, ventilation during blasting of both stages is carried out using local ventilation fans (VMP), which also negatively affects the safety and productivity of work, after each explosion, to ensure fresh air is supplied to the face, it is necessary to unwind the ventilation sleeve almost to the face without inspecting the roof and development boards.

The aim of the invention is to increase productivity while ensuring work safety.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the development system, which includes mining and preparatory workings — a spiral ramp to the entire height of the operational block (EB) with races on ring layer drifts (KSh), layer ore and delivery races, mining the cut layer with dead ends by a combine with the width of the pillar, equal to the width of the insertion, the fastening and the subsequent formation of a filling array in them, the mining by the combine of the treatment inputs with increased parameters from top to bottom across the strike of the ore body (RT) with setting the pillars, ventilating the workings with local ventilation fans (VMP), they initially work out the transition layer with reduced parameters after the cut layer under its protective overlap, and further refinement of the treatment run-offs is carried out in a checkerboard pattern with a horizontal offset to the width of one runway by the harvester at ½ height, knock down with a delivery race and an annular layer drift, refinement sludges using drilling and blasting operations (BLR) are finalized and the beaten ore is shipped from the opposite flag ha through layered delivery truck race.

Moreover, the pedigree ring layer drifts are 30-40 m from the contour of the RT.

And layered ore and delivery races pass at an angle of 8-10 ° into two excavation layers from opposite sides of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Airing during mining treatment operations by the combine is carried out at the expense of VMP, and during mining of drilling and blasting operations - due to mine depression.

The formation of the filling array is conducted through the filling wells from the overlying annular layer drift: the first 1.0-1.5 m in the height of the entry is laid with a high-strength filling, and the remaining space - with low-grade mixtures.

When finalizing the treatment openings of the BVR, it is possible to use borehole or small-hole breaking.

The specific conditions for the development of sub-quarry reserves of kimberlite deposits are determined by the great depth and size of the quarry. Cracks filled with halite developed below the bottom of the quarry and the presence of rock salt formations cause the mass to be inelastic to deform. Studies have established that under these conditions, the safety of underground mining of kimberlites can be achieved by combining the extraction of reserves with horizontal layers with a tab and a chamber-whole order of extraction of layers.

In order to move from a layered mining system to the proposed “chess” mining of ore reserves, it will be necessary to work through the transitions in the transitional layer through one, leaving untouched ore pillars between the worked and laid openings. Such a recess will provide the very possibility of a “checkerboard” recess of ore when the bottoms of adjacent chambers pass to the underlying layer. Testing the transitional layer with reduced parameters according to the chamber-whole diagram under the protection of the already laid-in array of the cutting layer will reduce equipment downtime associated with backfill operations and increase productivity while ensuring safe work.

When working out a treatment deposit conducted in a staggered manner with horizontal displacement by the width of one sunset by a combine harvester at ½ height, a side wall is formed consisting of a hardening bookmark and ore mass. The exposure of the ore mass will not exceed the height of one layer with reduced parameters and will not lead to a loss of stability of the ore mass, which has weak strength properties. The use of this method of mining reserves will allow, making maximum use of the natural bearing capacity of the ore and filling masses, to increase the geometric dimensions of the treatment space formed during the extraction, and, therefore, the ore mining productivity will also increase.

Performing ring preparation: knocking with an annular layer drift allows unloading of beaten ore from the opposite flank through a layered delivery run, which greatly simplifies the rollback of beaten ore. At the same time, the first and second stages are worked out at different treatment stages in the ore layer, each stage has its own haul route, which increases the productivity of the equipment, reduces its downtime and increases the safety of work.

The use of drilling and blasting operations when finalizing treatment units allows increasing work productivity while reducing the cost of purchasing shearers. Safety of work is ensured by the operation of the drilling rig under artificial roofs and artificial sides (filling array) of the mine, as well as the use of ventilation due to mine depression during drilling and blasting operations. The safety of operations during ore rolling is achieved by dividing the flows from the mining of the first and second stages for different workings.

The proposed method is illustrated in figures 1-4.

Figure 1 - treatment unit in section;

Figure 2 - the order of mining treatment inputs in the block, where 1-3 the sequence of mining operations;

Figure 3 - development of a treatment run by a mining combine complex (combine MN620 - ANM-105; loading and delivery machine PDM ST-14);

Figure 4 - refinement of the treatment run using the BVR (drilling rig DL 420-7, PDM ST-14), where

1 - spiral exit;

2 - pedigree ring drift (KSh);

3 - layer ore run;

4 - delivery arrival;

5 - split layer;

6 - harvester;

7 - loading and delivery machine (PDM);

8 - drilling rig;

9 - bedding;

10 - rolling horizon;

11 - ventilation and filling horizon;

12 - ore layer drift;

An example of a specific implementation of the method

After opencast mining, reserves from a depth of -190 m (abs.) Remained in the kimberlite deposit, which can only be mined by underground mining. For this, the ore body (RT) is divided into operational blocks (EB). The opening of the EB in height is carried out in two horizons: the upper horizon is a venting and filling 11 and serves to issue the entire outgoing air stream from the EB, as well as to feed the filling mixture into the waste treatment tapes (workings); the lower horizon is a return 10 (concentration) and serves to supply fresh air for mining and haulage of the entire rock mass from the EB to the trunks.

The preparation scheme consists in holding a spiral exit 1 to the entire height of the EB, from which rides to rock ring drifts (KS) 2, which interfere with ore -, rock slides, ventilation-uprising (VVV) and ventilation revolts (BB), pass. KSh 2 pass 30-40 m from the contour of the ore body. Layer ore 3 and delivery 4 arrivals pass from KSh 2 at an angle of 8–10 ° as the RT is mined. Layered ore 3 and delivery 4 races are from opposite sides of the Republic of Tatarstan.

The development of EB reserves is provided for in a descending order (treatment works are carried out under an artificial roof - laying). The development of the front of sewage treatment in the EB begins after the formation of the “split” layer 5. The development of the “split” layer 5 is carried out by the harvester with treatment passes across the strike of the ore body. The work on the formation of a “protective floor” (“split” layer 5) is rifled and, in essence, consists in working out a layer with the parameters of rifled tapes (workings) of 5.0 m × 4.0 m, which are worked out by dead ends according to the chamber-whole scheme for one pass of the mining complex: a selective-action harvester from Sandvik 6 and PDM 7 with a Atlas Copco ST-14 diesel drive, and then laid. The width of the rear sight is equal to the width of the sunset. Bookmark for the formation of a "split" layer is fed through the filling pipeline laid along the ventilation-filling layer 11

After the formation of the "protective floor" - "split" layer 5, the development of the front of sewage treatment works in the EB begins. The treatment chambers (entries) are divided into entries of the first (I) stage and entries of the second (II) stage. Serifing and further subsequent mining of the first stage treatment passages — the transitional layer — are carried out from the layer ore drift 12. The layer ore drift 12 is run with a cross section of 5.0 mx 4.0 m as the transitional layer treatment openings are worked out (No. 1 in Fig. 2). The treatment penetrations of the transitional layer on the 1st treatment layer (under the cutting layer) are also worked out according to the chamber-whole scheme, the width of the pillar is equal to the width of the treatment entry, the height of the treatment entry is equal to the height of the layer ore drift 12 - 4 m. The ore is broken in one pass of the combine 6 dead end to the full cross section of the output. Next, soil 9 is added and the tab is set.

The training of the second (II) line calls is carried out in two stages.

1st stage - Fig.3. From the existing stratified ore drift 12, a notch is made and then the treatment openings - inter-chamber pillars of the transition layer are mined (No. 2 of Fig. 2). Ore breaking is carried out in one pass of the combine with a 6 dead end face for a full working section at 1/2 of the entry height. Airing during the development of the 1st stage of the entry (II) of the queue is carried out using local ventilation fans (VMP). After practicing the 1st stage of the treatment run to its full length, it is knocked down with a delivery run 4, passed from KSh 2 at the level of the 2nd stage of the treatment run, and the combine 6 is distilled to the next treatment run (No. 2) in accordance with the order of their working out layer.

2nd stage - figure 4. Refining of the treatment run to the design section is carried out by the blasting method (drilling rig DL-420-7 from Sandvik 8 and PDM 7 ST-14 from Atlas Copco). The drilling rig 8 is located in the previously worked combine treatment space. Ore breaking is carried out by the bottom hole drilling of downhole holes (hole length L = 3.9-4.0 m, hole diameter d = 64 mm) along the chamber width in accordance with the BVR passport. The ledge is broken off in sections for the entire length of the lead-in to the border with the layered ore drift 12. The shipped (blasted) ore mass is shipped by the PDM 7, which drives into the treatment lead from the opposite flank through the delivery run 4. The ventilation during the work on the refinement of the treatment lead is carried out for account mine depression with the help of disruption KS 2 on the opposite side of the ore body.

In the fully worked out passages, filling material is fed through the filling line laid along the ventilation and filling layer 11. To give the carrier layer greater solidity and improved strength characteristics, the spent tape is reinforced with a 5B1 metal mesh before the bookmark is fed. The laying wells with a diameter of 168 mm are drilled into the workings from the overlying KSh 2 into each treatment run with the SMM 2A machine. The spreading distance of the bookmark along the treatment run is taken to be 40 m. Two wells are drilled into each laid run: one for feeding the bookmark, the second for releasing the air displaced by the bookmark. Before laying the treatment mine, a soil 9 is formed on its soil from the broken ore in order to level the future roof of the underlying layer. First, the high-strength bookmark M-60 is fed into the entry in a volume that provides the first 1.0-1.5 m in height. Then, with a break of 2-3 hours, the remaining space of the filling is filled with low-quality mixtures, for example M 10. The completeness of the bookmark is visually controlled.

The development of the next layer is carried out similarly with a horizontal offset by the width of one run, which determines the checkerboard order of mining (No. 3 of figure 2). Thus, the parameters of the mine workings in the staggered order will be 7.5 m × 7.7 m. The height of the treatment run (7.7 m) is defined as the sum of the heights of the two stages of the ore extraction (2 × 3.7 = 7.4 m) and the height of the ore bed 0.3 m. Height ( 3.7 m) of one stage of the ore treatment run and the width (7.5 m) of the stage of the mine run are determined based on the technical characteristics of the equipment used.

Claims (6)

1. A layered chamber-whole pillar development system with a full laying of the mined-out space, including mining and preparatory workings — a spiral ramp to the entire height of the operational block (EB) with races on ring layer drifts (KS), layer ore and delivery races, development of a cut layer with dead ends by a combine with a pillar width equal to the width of the entrance, fastening and subsequent formation of a filling array in them, mining by the combine of treatment openings with increased parameters from top to bottom t stretching the ore body (RT) with leaving the pillars, ventilating the excavations with local ventilation fans (VMP), characterized in that the transition layer with reduced parameters is initially worked out after the cut layer under its protective overlap, and the further refinement of the treatment dressings is carried out in a checkerboard pattern with offset horizontally to the width of one run by a combine harvester at 1/2 height, knocked down with a delivery race and an annular layer drift, modified using drilling and blasting operations (BWR) and shipping t broken ore from the opposite side through the layered delivery truck ride. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular layer drifts pass 30-40 m from the contour of the RT. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer ore and delivery races pass at an angle of 8-10 ° into two excavation layers from opposite sides of the RT. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the airing during the mining of treatment waste by the combine is carried out at the expense of the PMF, and during the completion of the blasting system - due to the mine depression. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of the filling array is conducted through the filling wells with an overlying annular layer drift: the first 1.0-1.5 m in the height of the entry are laid with a high-strength filling, and the remaining space with low-quality mixtures. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that when finalizing the treatment openings of the BVR, borehole or small-hole blasting is used.

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