RU2485773C1 - Sprayer for treatment of agricultural crops with electroactivated water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry, in particular to mobile plant-feeder-sprayers. The sprayer for treatment of agricultural crops with electroactivated water is a mobile unit. The sprayer comprises a basic tractor, a rod with sprayers, a hydraulic fluid reservoir, a pump, a D.C. generator, and a unit for water electroactivation. The pump and the generator are driven by the power take-off. The unit for electroactivation consists of two electrodes and is made with the ability to receive positive and negative potentials.

EFFECT: possibility to prepare the hydraulic fluid directly in the sprayer is provided.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to mobile feed-spraying machines used for processing agricultural crops plants from pests and diseases, as well as for their foliar feeding during the growing season of crops.

A known unit for small-sized spraying "Irtyshanka" containing placed on a mobile vehicle connected by a system highway control unit with a microcomputer and an information display unit; a hydraulic fluid container connected to the hydraulic line with the nebulizers located on the rod, a filter located in the hydraulic line, and a pump, means for measuring the flow rate of the liquid and a flow rate regulator located in said line and connected to the control unit, in which said unit further comprises a control unit and an information display unit, a satellite navigation system unit, an additional pump installed in the hydraulic line, as well as tools mounted on the rod for monitoring the operation of the nebulizers and means for controlling the amount of the working solution supplied to the nebulizers (RU, patent No. 2231259, IPC ⁷ А01М 7/00, 06.27.2004).

The disadvantages of the described unit low-volume sprayer "Irtyshanka" include design complexity, low operational reliability, the inability to prepare a solution for spraying directly on the unit and limited functionality.

Also known is a sprayer containing a tank for pesticides, a suction filter, a pump, a pressure filter, a distributor-regulator, pressure lines for supplying the working fluid to the spraying working bodies, in which pressure lines supplying the working fluid to the spraying working bodies are provided with calibration inserts, and additional calibration inserts are installed in front of each working body, while the cross section of the inserts is determined by the formula

f _n = K _n · f _m cm ² ,

where f _n is the cross section of the insert of the nth highway;

K _n - coefficient, which is determined by calculation, depending on the length of the line and local resistances K _n = (0.6 ÷ 0.9);

f _m - the cross section of the highway before insertion (RU, patent No. 2253229, IPC ⁷ A01M 7/00, 12/27/2004).

Known sprayer, which is a mobile unit that includes a base tractor, a boom with a sprayer, a reservoir for the working fluid, pipelines, a pump driven by a power take-off shaft, while it is equipped with a DC generator mounted on the tractor and receiving a rotation drive from the power take-off shaft tractor through a gearbox, an installation for electroactivation of water, while the DC generator is electrically connected to an installation for electroactivation of water hydraulically connected by means of a pump with as a reservoir for the working fluid, the installation for electroactivation of water is hydraulically connected to sprayers and flexible hoses with nozzles installed on an additional pipeline, having holes made tangentially to the inner diameter of the nozzle and directed into the root zone of the plants, while the nozzles are made of wear-resistant material and rely on the soil surface, at the same time, in the electrical connection of the DC generator with the installation for electroactivation of water, a potential switch is provided (RU, patent №2367154, IPC A01M 7/00).

The disadvantages of this sprayer include the inability to obtain a single stream of activated water of a given electrical potential, low efficiency of electroactivation.

This sprayer is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The task to which the invention is directed is to provide the possibility of processing crops from diseases and pests of agricultural crops or fertilizing plants with the preparation of the necessary solutions directly on the agricultural mobile unit.

The technical result is an increase in the yield of agricultural cultures and sustainability of agricultural plants to diseases and pests.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known sprayer for processing crops with electro-activated water, which is a mobile unit including a base tractor, a spray boom, a working fluid reservoir, a pump driven by a power take-off shaft, a direct current generator mounted on the tractor and receiving a rotation drive from a power take-off shaft through a gearbox, an installation for electroactivation of water hydraulically connected by means of a pump to a reservoir for According to the invention, the installation for electroactivation of water is made flowing with the possibility of obtaining a positive and negative potential and consisting of two electrodes, an external one made of stainless steel in the form of a pipe section having a connecting flange at one end and a threaded one at the other end connecting tip, and an internal electrode consisting of a group of pipelines curved along a helical line of left-hand winding and fixed between the plates with openings for pipelines, the inner and outer pipelines are separated by a semipermeable diaphragm made of microporous plastic, the outer diameter of the inner electrode is made for mounting and dismounting into the outer electrode, all pipelines of the group are perforated, a lid is provided for supplying water to the installation for water electroactivation with a confuser with flange for attaching to the external electrode; for diffusion of water a diffuser threaded tip made of plastic material is provided, supply of electric potential la to the internal electrode carried by the lid plate-confuser, wherein the plate has a dielectric insulation from the external electrode supply electric potential to the outer electrode is formed through the mounting flange.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a sprayer for processing crops with electro-activated water, side view.

In Fig.2 is the same, view A in Fig.1.

Figure 3 is a view of the installation for electroactivation of water, a cross section.

Figure 4 is a top view of the installation for electroactivation of water with the cover removed.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The sprayer for treating crops with electro-activated water includes a tractor 1, on the side members of which there are installed tanks 2 for the working fluid.

For refueling of containers, an injector control mechanism 3 is provided.

On the tractor’s attachment 1, a DC generator 4 is mounted with a drive from the tractor’s power take-off shaft and a potential switch 5, a unit 6 for electroactivation of water with a discharge pipe 7. The discharge pipe 7 is hydraulically connected to the main pipe 8 of the rod. At the main pipeline 8 of the rod sprayers 9 are installed, corresponding to the type of plants being treated and the purpose of the treatment (anolyte, catholyte). The tractor attachment uses a hydraulic hitch 10.

Installation 6 for electroactivation of water is hydraulically connected to reservoirs 2 of the working fluid by a supply pipe 11 and to a pump 12 for supplying electroactivated water to the main pipe 8. The rod 13 is hinged, and the sections are controlled through cable blocks 14 and hydraulic cylinders 15.

Installation 6 for water electroactivation has a cover 16 with a threaded pipe 17. The cover is made in the form of an expanding cone (confuser) and is fixed to the outer electrode 18. The outer electrode 18 is made of cylindrical stainless steel or titanium. A diaphragm 19 made of semipermeable microporous plastic is installed in the inner cavity of the electrode. A semi-permeable diaphragm 19 separates the outer electrode 18 from the inner electrode 20. The inner electrode 20 consists of a group of pipelines curved along the helical line of the left-hand winding and fixed between the plates 21 and 22 having openings for the pipelines.

The output of the installation 6 for electroactivation of water has a threaded tip on the outer electrode 18, which is connected to the outlet confuser threaded tip 23.

To supply the electric potential to the inner electrode, a terminal 24 is provided, which is in electrical contact with the plate 21. The terminal 24 is isolated from the outer electrode 18 by a dielectric gasket 25. The electric potential is supplied to the outer electrode 18 using the terminal 26. The cover 16 of the supply pipe 11 is fixed to the outer the electrode 18 is bolted through holes 27. The pipelines of the inner electrode have a perforation 28. The cover 16 is isolated from the outer electrode 18 by a dielectric gasket 29.

Sprayer for processing crops with electroactivated water works as follows.

Before starting work, the container 2 is filled with water or a fertilizer solution, while the injection unit is used through the control mechanism 3.

Before the treated field, the rod 13 is brought into working position, while the sections are installed in one line with the help of cable blocks 14 and hydraulic cylinders 15.

The sprayer for processing crops with electro-activated water travels to the field to be treated and is installed so that the sprayers 9 are located above the axis of the rows of plants. The generator 4 and the water supply through the supply pipe 1 are turned on. The pump 12 is turned on, which takes the activated water from the installation 6 for electroactivation of water and delivers it to the main pipe 8 and sprayers 9.

In this case, two technological operations are possible.

First one. Treatment of crops with anolyte - electroactivated water with positive electric potential, the value of which is determined by agrotechnical requirements.

This ensures the destruction of pathogenic microbes and pests. The implementation of this technological operation requires the supply of a positive electric potential to the inner electrode 20, and negative to the outer 18.

When a water stream flows through screw pipelines, the most complete transmission of the electric potential to water is ensured and the efficiency of the installation for electroactivation of water increases. In addition, the left-side orientation of the rotation of water molecules increases their biological activity.

When the flow of water from the internal cavity of the installation for electroactivation of water, the flow in the confuser is compressed, its speed increases, while the pump 12 captures the flow and ensures its supply to the main pipeline 8 with the necessary pressure, which allows to obtain the desired spray quality, complete processing of plants and destruction pathogens and pests.

The second one. Processing of crops with catholyte - electroactivated water with negative electric potential.

If a constant electric current flows through water, then the entry of electrons into the water at the cathode is accompanied by a series of electrochemical reactions on the surface of the cathode, as a result of which new substances are formed, the entire system of intermolecular interactions changes, including the structure of water as a solvent.

To obtain catholyte, the negative potential of the DC generator 4 is connected to terminal 24, and the positive potential is connected to terminal 26.

As a result of the cathodic treatment, water acquires an alkaline reaction due to the conversion of some of the dissolved salts to hydroxides. The redox potential (ORP) of water decreases, the surface tension decreases, the content of dissolved oxygen, nitrogen decreases, the concentration of hydrogen, free hydroxyl groups increases, the electrical conductivity decreases, and the structure of not only ion hydration shells, but also the free volume of water changes.

As a result of the formation of soluble hydroxides of sodium and potassium, as a result of this increase in the pH of the pH, a shift in carbon dioxide equilibrium occurs. In an electroactivated solution, superactive metastable compounds with high reducing ability are formed, which significantly enhance the alkaline and reducing properties of catholyte.

When catholyte interacts with the leafy part of plants, their biological activity and productivity increase.

Claims (1)

Sprayer for processing crops with electro-activated water, which is a mobile unit including a base tractor, a boom with sprayers, a working fluid reservoir, a pump driven by a power take-off shaft, a direct current generator mounted on the tractor and receiving a rotation drive from the power take-off shaft through a gearbox , installation for electroactivation of water, hydraulically connected through a pump to a reservoir for a working fluid and a pipeline with sprayers, characterized in that the installation for electroactivation of water is made flowing, with the possibility of obtaining a positive and negative potential and consists of two electrodes, an external one made of stainless steel in the form of a pipe segment having a connecting flange at one end and a threaded connecting tip at the other end, and an internal electrode, consisting of a group of pipelines curved along a helical line of left-hand winding and fixed between plates with holes for pipelines, an inner and an outer pipe the water is separated by a semipermeable diaphragm made of microporous plastic, the outer diameter of the inner electrode is made for mounting and dismounting into the outer electrode, all pipelines of the group are perforated, for supplying water to the installation for electroactivation of water, there is a confuser cap with a flange for attaching to the outer electrode, for drainage water, a diffuser threaded tip made of plastic material is provided, the electric potential is supplied to the internal electrode through a plate under the lid - confuser, while the plate has dielectric isolation from the outer electrode, the supply of electric potential to the outer electrode is made through a connecting flange.

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