RU2485224C1 - Method of carbonisation of wool fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textiles, paper.

SUBSTANCE: method of carbonisation of wool fiber consists of treatment of wool fiber in carbonisation solution containing sulfuric acid and detergent while simultaneous ultrasound exposure at a frequency of 20-22 kHz, wattage 1.0-2.5 kW for 10-15 min, removing of excess of the carbonisation solution, preliminary drying for 15-20 minutes, mechanical removal of vegetable matter, neutralisation, water washing and final drying. The acid in the carbonisation solution is used at a concentration of 1.5-3.0% by weight of the fiber.

EFFECT: improvement of quality of the treated fiber and reduction of energy consumption of the process.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method for carbonization of wool fiber and can be used in the textile industry for the preparation of materials before dyeing, spinning and finishing.

State of the art

Known methods of carbonization, which include treating wool with aqueous solutions of strong acids, gaseous hydrogen chloride and other compounds of an acidic nature [Novoradovskaya TS, Sadova SF Chemistry and chemical technology of wool. - M .: Legprombytizdat, 1986. - S. 71-82].

A known method of carbonization of wool fiber using hydrochloric acid, aluminum chloride or magnesium [Krichevsky G.E. Chemical technology of textile materials. - T.1. M., 2000, p. 340-344].

All these methods require heating to high temperatures to 125-150 ° C, and heat treatment at such high temperatures significantly reduces the strength of the fiber. In addition, the interaction of wool with the aforementioned chlorides on the fiber can form hydrates and basic salts of magnesium and aluminum, the removal of which requires additional special treatment [Sadov F.I., Korchagin M.V., Matetskiy A.I. Chemical technology of fibrous materials. - M.: Publishing House "Light Industry", 1968. - S.326].

Closest to the claimed method essentially, i.e. the prototype is a method of carbonization of wool fiber, which consists in processing wool materials with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid at a concentration of 4-6% by weight of fiber and detergent 1-2% of the weight of fiber (Shikanova I.A. Technology of finishing woolen fabrics. - M. : Light Industry, 1972, p.122-126).

The method is carried out by sequentially carrying out the following operations:

1. treatment by impregnation of wool fiber with an aqueous carbonization solution containing sulfuric acid in an amount of 4-6% by weight of the fiber and a nonionic surfactant in an amount of 1-2% by weight of the fiber, at room temperature for 30-40 minutes, for penetration of the carbonization solution in the depth of the package;

2. removal of excess carbonization solution by mechanical means by extraction or centrifugation;

3. pre-drying at a temperature of 50-80 ° C for 30-40 minutes;

4. heat treatment at 100-125 ° C for 10-15 minutes;

5. mechanical removal of impurities of plant origin;

6. neutralization of residual acid with an aqueous ammonia solution at a concentration of 4 g / l for 20 minutes;

7. washing with water;

8. final drying at 50-60 ° C.

However, this method has the following disadvantages.

1. The low strength of the processed wool fiber. So, the breaking load of wool fiber does not exceed 7.36 cN / tex. This is due to high heat treatment temperatures, high concentrations of sulfuric acid in the carbonization solution and a high concentration of residual sulfuric acid, which continues to destroy wool fiber during storage for subsequent finishing.

2. The uneven effect of the carbonization solution on the processed wool fiber, which subsequently leads to uneven dyeing — the color difference coefficient characterizing the uneven color is 4-5.5 units. at a norm according to GOST no higher than 3 units.

3. The high energy intensity of the method due to the high energy consumption for long pre-drying and heat treatment of wool fiber.

4. The insufficient degree of purification of wool fiber from plant debris - not higher than 90%.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to find a method of carbonization of wool fiber by processing it in a carbonization aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and a detergent, removing excess carbonation solution, pre-drying, mechanically removing plant impurities, neutralizing, washing with water and final drying, which would improve the quality of the processed fiber and reduce energy intensity.

The problem is solved by the method of carbonization of wool fiber by processing it in a carbonization aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and a detergent, removing excess carbonization solution, pre-drying, mechanically removing plant impurities, neutralizing, washing with water and final drying, in which the treatment is in a carbonization aqueous solution carried out with simultaneous exposure to wool fiber with ultrasound with a frequency of 20-22 kHz, a power of 1.0-2.5 kW for 10-15 minutes, mechanical Alain vegetable impurities is carried out directly after pre-drying, which is carried out during 15-20 min, and the carbonization acid solution is used at a concentration of 1.5-3.0% by weight of the fiber.

The invention allows to obtain the following advantages:

1. increase the strength of the wool fiber - the breaking load of the wool fiber is 8-8.6 cN / tex;

2. significantly increase — by 1.5–2 times — the uniformity of processing of wool fiber, which leads to an increase in the uniformity of color — the color difference coefficient is 1.5–2.0 units;

3. significantly reduce energy intensity by reducing the time of preliminary drying and eliminating the stage of heat treatment;

4. to increase the degree of purification of wool fiber from plant debris - not less than 98%.

The invention also allows to save chemical materials by reducing the concentration of sulfuric acid in the carbonization solution by 2-3 times and reducing the concentration of alkaline agent at the stage of neutralization by 3-4 times.

Information confirming the reproducibility of the invention

The claimed method is processed wool fiber.

To implement the method using the following substances:

- sulfuric acid GOST 2184-77;

- detergent - any washing composition consisting of a nonionic and anionic surfactant with the addition of antifoam, for example Sulfoside 31 TU 6-14-487-79;

- aqueous ammonia solution GOST 6221-90.

The invention is carried out by sequentially carrying out the following operations.

1. Wool fiber is placed in a carbonization solution containing sulfuric acid 1.5-3.0% of m.v. and Sulfoside 31 1.0-1.5% of m.v., and immediately begin ultrasonic treatment with a frequency of 20-22 kHz and a power of 1.0-2.5 kW for 10-15 minutes.

2. Removing excess carbonation solution by spin or centrifugation.

3. Pre-drying at a temperature of 50-80 ° C for 20-30 minutes.

4. Mechanical removal of vegetable impurities. origin.

5. Neutralization of residual acid with aqueous ammonia. solution at a concentration of 1.0-1.5 g / l at room temperature for 10 minutes

6. Rinsing with water.

7. Final drying at 50-60 ° C.

Qualitative indicators of wool fiber processed according to the prototype and the claimed method, were determined identically:

- damage to the material was determined by the tensile strength of the wool fiber staples in the dry state on the device DSh-314-2 in accordance with GOST 20269-93 (Wool. Methods for determining the breaking load. M: Publishing house of standards, 1993);

- the content of residual sulfuric acid was determined in accordance with GOST 4659-79 (Fabrics and yarn pure-woolen and half-woolen. Methods of chemical tests. M: Publishing house of standards, 1986, pp. 7-10);

- the content of plant debris was determined chemically in accordance with GOST 20270-84 (natural sorted wool. Methods for determining the content of mowing, dandruff and vegetable impurities. M: Publishing house of standards, 1984, p.3-5);

- uniformity of staining was determined by calculating the total color difference ΔE (Judd B., Vyshetsky G. Color in science. - M .: Mir, 1978, p. 359).

Qualitative indicators of wool fiber processed at various parameters of the claimed method are shown in the table.

Claims (1)

The method of carbonization of wool fiber by processing it in a carbonization aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and a detergent, removing excess carbonization solution, pre-drying, mechanically removing plant impurities, neutralizing, washing with water and final drying, characterized in that the treatment in a carbonization aqueous solution is carried out with simultaneous exposure to wool fiber with ultrasound with a frequency of 20-22 kHz, power 1.0-2.5 kW for 10-15 minutes, mechanical removal of the plant s impurities is carried out directly after pre-drying, which is carried out during 15-20 min, and the carbonization acid solution is used at a concentration of 1.5-3.0% by weight of the fiber.