RU2485017C2 - Helicopter swash plate mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering, particularly, to helicopter swash plates. Helicopter swash plate consists of two parallel lift guides 1 arranged in one plane and rigidly secured to helicopter frame 2, stationary ring 3, and rotary ring 6. Eccentrics 17 connected by bars 18 with slides 5 are arranged at lower part of said lift guides. Stationary ring 3 is coupled by axles 4 with runners 5 arranged inside lift guide 1. Rotary ring 6 with plate 9 is arranged inside stationary ring 3. Rods 10 are secured to said plate to vary angle of attack of propellers. Levers 15, 15 for transverse and lengthwise control are interconnected by drawbars and walking beams with control stick in helicopter cabin wile pitch-rev-up handle is engaged with eccentrics 17.

EFFECT: increased travel of angle of attack of propellers.

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Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to aircraft, in particular to mechanisms of a helicopter swashplate, and can be used to create new designs of helicopters and aircraft of vertical take-off and landing.

State of the art

Known rotor of an aircraft, containing a propeller shaft, a hydraulic sleeve with blades for changing the pitch of the propeller and a swash plate, while it is equipped with a housing with two or more blades mounted on the housing and bearing one or more jet engines, made with the possibility instant ignition of their fuel in the event of a malfunction of the rotor mechanisms, and the housing has the possibility of free rotation in the direction of rotation of the rotor shaft (see US Pat. RU No. 2229423, IPC V64C 27/32, V64C 27/08, opu l. of 27.05.2004).

The disadvantage of this aircraft is the complexity of the design, low reliability.

Known helicopter with coaxial rotors, containing the fuselage, including the cockpit with controls, gearbox with two coaxial shafts of opposite rotation, on each of which are mounted rotor bushes, two swashplate and kinematically connected with them rocking arms for controlling the angle of installation of the blades, chains control of each of the rotors, including the power cylinder block and the summing lever mechanism, while the summing lever mechanism is equipped with two coaxially arranged and mutually in axial direction, with one of the glasses mounted on the cylindrical part of the upper gear housing, and the second glass mounted concentrically to the first, the lower rotor swash plate mounted on the surface of the second glass, and a kinematically connected lever rocker mounted on the upper protruding surface of the first glass In addition, each of the glasses is pivotally connected by means of levers of the summing mechanism between themselves and the block of power cylinders, which is rigidly mounted on the body se reducer, the internal gear shaft is removable assembly with the sleeve mounted thereon upper rotor arm rocking, and the upper swash rods ensuring their mutual kinematic relationship (see. US Pat. RU No. 2265554, IPC V64C 27/00, V64C 27/32, V64C 27/54, publ. December 10, 2005).

The disadvantage of this helicopter is the high complexity of its operational maintenance.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is the helicopter swashplate mechanism, including a frame, a shaft, a non-rotating and rotating ring, a leash, a plate with vertical rods, transverse and longitudinal control levers, a rod with a runner, a control handle with lever rocking and a step-gas handle (see Mikheev VR Development of rotorcraft circuits. M., 1993, pp. 54-57).

The disadvantage of this mechanism of the helicopter swashplate is the difficulty of manufacturing parts, a limited stroke, since the mechanism of the swashplate is located on the shaft and the high manufacturing costs.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a mechanism for the swashplate of a helicopter, which simplifies and reduces the cost of its manufacture while increasing its reliability, increasing the stroke from (-21 °) to (+ 35 °) the angle of attack of the blades by introducing elevator rails.

The technical result that can be obtained using the proposed invention is to simplify and reduce the cost of manufacture, increase its reliability, increase stroke.

The technical result is achieved using the mechanism of the swashplate of a helicopter containing a frame, a shaft, a non-rotating and rotating ring, a leash, a plate with vertical rods, transverse and longitudinal control levers, a rod with a runner, a control handle with rocking arms and a step-gas handle, while it is additionally equipped with two elevator guides and eccentrics installed in parallel in the same plane, installed in the lower parts of the latter, each of which is connected to the runner using a rod, while the elevator The guides are rigidly fixed on the frame, and a non-rotating ring is mounted on the runner, which is capable of reciprocating movement along it, the non-rotating ring being connected by a half shaft with the runner installed inside the elevator guide, while a rotating ring is installed inside the non-rotating ring, which consists of the fixed part and the bearing pressed into the last, and in the inner race of the bearing, a plate is rigidly mounted with vertical rods fixed to the latter, which are connected to the blades, and the lateral and longitudinal control levers are fixed to the fixed part of the rotating ring, the lateral control lever is rigidly fixed at 90 degrees around the circumference of the fixed part, while both levers are connected by rods and lever rockers with the control handle, and the step-gas handle is connected with an eccentric.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the mechanism of the swashplate of the helicopter, a General view.

In Fig.2 - the same plate with vertical rods.

Figure 3 is the same, an eccentric connected to the runner.

The implementation of the invention

The mechanism of the helicopter swashplate consists of two elevator guides 1 parallel to the same plane, made with the possibility of increasing the stroke from (-21 °) to (+ 35 °) the angle of attack of the blades (not shown in Fig.) And rigidly fixed to the helicopter frame 2 (not shown in Fig.) also contains a non-rotating ring 3, made with the possibility of reciprocating motion, moreover, the non-rotating ring 3 is connected by the axle shaft 4 to the runner 5, which is installed inside the elevator rail 1, and the runner 5 is mounted on the runner 5 about 3, made with the possibility of reciprocating motion along it, while inside the non-rotating ring 3 is installed a rotating ring 6, which consists of a fixed part 7 and pressed into the last bearing 8, and a plate 9 is pressed into the inner race of the bearing 8, which is movable an element with vertical rods 10 fixed to the latter, with the help of which the angle of attack of the blades changes, connected to the helicopter shaft 11 by a horizontal hinge 12, and with a swashplate mechanism, we throw cally linked rocking lever (Fig. not shown), and the plate 9 is connected by a leash 13 through a slot-hinge 14 with the shaft 11 of the helicopter, which drives the plate 9, while the lever 15 for lateral control and the lever 16 for longitudinal control are fixed to the fixed part 7, and in the lower parts the elevator rails 1 are equipped with an eccentric 17, each of which is connected to the runner 5 with the help of the rod 18, and the lever 16 for longitudinal control is rigidly fixed to the fixed part 7 of the rotating ring 6 under the axle shaft 19, and at 90 degrees around the stationary part 7 is also rigidly fixed a lever 15 for lateral control is attached, while both levers 15 and 16 for lateral and longitudinal control, respectively, are connected by rods and rocking arms with a control handle (not shown in FIG.) in the helicopter cockpit, and the step-gas handle (in FIG. not shown) connected to the clown 17.

The mechanism of the swashplate works as follows.

The control stick of a cyclic step in the cockpit (not shown in FIG.) Of the pilot through horizontal rods (not shown in FIG.) And the rocking arms are connected to the rotating ring 6 through the levers 15, 16 of the transverse and longitudinal controls, respectively, and the step-gas handle is connected with the eccentrics 17, thus the non-rotating ring 3, connected by the axle shaft 4 to the runner 5 of the rotating ring 6, can be tilted forward, back, sideways simultaneously with respect to any axis lying in the horizontal plane by the action of the helicopter control handle m, since the rotating ring 6 is connected with the blades by vertical rods 10, the inclination of the plane of rotation of this rotating ring 6 causes a cyclical rotation of the blades relative to their longitudinal axes, and when the step-gas is applied to the handle, the eccentric 17 rotates, and the movement is transmitted through the rod 18 to skid 5, while there is a reciprocating motion of skid 5 along the elevator rails 1 from (-21 °) to (+ 35 °), which are rigidly fixed on the frame 2, and since the axis of the shaft 11 of the helicopter is aligned with the center of both rings non-rotating 3 and vra ayuschimsya 6, both the runner 5, located in elevator guide 1, and both the cam 17 in synchronous movement, the runner 5 to the two non-rotating ring 3 is attached, as a result of this action changes the angle of attack of the propeller blades (FIG. not shown) of the helicopter, the swash plate mechanism giving in addition to the positive angle of attack the rotor blades is also negative, while the helicopter shaft 11, connected to the blades using a horizontal hinge 12, untwists the plate 9, which is a movable element, is pressed into the inner race of the bearing 8 and the latter, in turn, is pressed into the fixed part 7, while the plate 9 is connected by a lead 13 through a slot-hinge 14 with the shaft 11, and to the fixed part 7 of the rotating ring 6 under the axle shaft 19 is fixed chag 16 for longitudinal control, at 90 degrees around the circumference of the fixed part 7, a lever 15 for lateral control is also rigidly fixed, both levers 15, 16 are connected by rods and lever rocking knobs with a control handle in the helicopter cockpit, and the step-gas handle is connected to an eccentric 17. Thus, the helicopter is controlled.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- simplification and cost reduction of manufacturing parts of the mechanism of the helicopter swashplate;

- increased reliability;

- reduction of labor costs for helicopter maintenance;

- increase the stroke from (-21 °) to (+ 35 °) the angle of attack of the blades due to the introduction of elevator rails.

Claims (1)

A helicopter swash plate mechanism comprising a frame, a shaft, a non-rotating and rotating ring, a leash, a plate with vertical rods, transverse and longitudinal control levers, a rod with a runner, a control handle with rocking arms and a step-gas handle, characterized in that it is additionally equipped two parallel elevators and eccentrics installed in the lower parts of the latter, each of which is connected to a runway using a rod, while the elevator rails are rigidly fixed s on the frame, and on the runner a non-rotating ring is installed, which is connected by a half shaft with a runner with the possibility of rotation on the axle shafts, while the runner is installed inside the elevator guide, and inside the rotary ring there is a rotating ring with a bearing pressed into the last one, and it is rigidly installed in the inner race of the bearing a plate with vertical rods fixed to the latter, which are connected to the blades, while the levers of lateral and longitudinal control are connected by rods and lever rockers with a handle control, and the step-gas handle is connected to both eccentrics.

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