RU2484878C1 - Band filter press - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to filtration and is intended for cleaning effluents of sediments, slurry and silt. Proposed filter press comprises frame with multiple shafts, press shafts, top and bottom filter endless bands, gravity zone ahead of wedge-like zone, wedge-like zone top shaft, and adjacent shaft between wedge-like and gravity zones. Gravity zone is located at bottom filtration band. Bottom filtration band in gravity zone features inclination from adjacent shaft toward gravity zone. Wedge-like zone top shaft can displace in vertical plane. Adjacent shaft can displace in horizontal plane. Additionally, press filter is furnished with high-pressure shafts to press both endless bands to the last press shaft in the zone of partial contact between filtration bands and the last press shaft. Proposed design allows commercial production of standard band filters wherein sediment dehydration and density can be adjusted.

EFFECT: higher quality and degree of dehydration.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The device relates to the field of filters with filtering elements that are movable during the filtering process with filter belts, intended for wastewater treatment from sludge, sludge, sludge, for example, in water supply, sewage during mechanical dewatering of sewage from domestic and industrial wastewater.

Known filter belt press containing a frame with many shafts, press rolls, lower and upper endless filter belts, a gravitational zone in front of the wedge-shaped zone, the upper shaft of the wedge-shaped zone, an adjacent shaft between the wedge-shaped and gravitational zones (see the description of the utility model for patent No. 103076 U1 of the Russian Federation. IPC B01D 33/04. Published on March 27, 2011 Bull. No. 9).

In the known device, the gravitational zone is located on the upper filter belt. The upper belt of the gravitational zone has a bias towards the adjacent shaft and the wedge-shaped zone. Due to the bias of the gravitational zone towards the wedge-shaped zone, the filtrate from the sediment of the gravitational zone dilutes the sedimentary layer, which, together with the upper belt, moves into the wedge-shaped zone. This reduces the adhesion of the sludge to the tape and it is possible for the flooded layer of sediment to slide into the wedge-shaped zone and its blockage, which leads to the outflow of sediment at the ends of the wedge-shaped zone and a decrease in the quality of sludge dewatering.

The dewatering pressure is controlled by the degree of tension of the filter belts. Depending on the type and density of the sediment, the angle of convergence of the wedge between the two filter belts converging to the first press roll is the same in the known device. The device of the input section with a specific angle of convergence of the wedge to the first press roll is designed specifically for a certain type of sludge (sludge), which does not allow to unify the product to a typical belt filter press, which is suitable for high-quality dehydration of any kind and density of sludge.

The aim of the improvement is the creation of a typical belt filter press, in which it is possible to qualitatively adjust the sludge dewatering process to any type and density of sludge (sludge).

This is achieved in that a belt filter press comprising a frame with a plurality of shafts, press rolls, lower and upper infinite filter belts, a gravitational zone in front of the wedge-shaped zone, an upper wedge-shaped zone, an adjacent shaft between the wedge-shaped and gravitational zones, is characterized in that the gravitational the zone is located on the lower filter belt, the lower filter belt in the gravitational zone has a bias from the adjacent shaft towards the gravitational zone, and the upper shaft of the wedge-shaped zone is installed with possible Stu movement in a vertical plane and adjacent the shaft is movably mounted in its horizontal plane.

Technical result: the gravity zone is located on the lower filter belt, and the lower filter belt in the gravity zone has a slope at an angle γ from the adjacent shaft towards the gravity zone, this does not allow the filtrate to fill the partially dehydrated sediment in the gravity zone, which is partially dehydrated by the gravity method together with a filter tape enters the wedge-shaped zone.

The slope of the filter belt of the gravitational zone at an angle γ, for example, from eight to twelve degrees, towards the gravitational zone eliminates the possibility of the sediment layer sliding into the wedge-shaped zone. In this case, excess filtrate flows to the beginning of the gravitational zone, creating additional pressure to drain it through the filter belt of the gravitational zone, which improves the quality and productivity of the sludge dewatering process with a belt filter press.

The design allows serial production of a typical belt filter press device, in which it is possible to adjust the process of high-quality dewatering of sludge to any type and density by moving the upper shaft of the wedge-shaped zone in the vertical plane and the adjacent shaft in the horizontal plane, until the angle α of convergence of the wedge of the wedge-shaped zone is adjusted by one to seven degrees, and the angle γ of the slope of the filter tape of the gravitational zone from eight to twelve degrees.

To filter the precipitation of domestic wastewater, the angle α of the wedge convergence is two and a half degrees. To filter sludge from industrial wastewater, for example, sludge from pulp and paper mills, the angle of convergence of the wedge can be increased to seven degrees by vertical movement along the frame of the upper and / or adjacent shafts. To filter suspensions of increased fluidity, the angle α of the wedge convergence can be reduced to one degree.

The lower limit of the angle of inclination γ of the filter belt of the gravitational zone of eight degrees corresponds to precipitation with a low filtration rate, for example, household wastewater. The upper limit of the slope angle γ of twelve degrees corresponds to precipitation with a high filtration rate, for example, industrial wastewater.

In addition, the filter belt press is equipped with two additional high-pressure shafts, which have the ability to press the filter belts together with the sludge to the last press shaft, a pressure force is applied to each of the ends of the additional shafts and is automatically supported by pneumatic cylinders through the lever systems.

At the last press roll of the filter press, the sludge undergoes additional pressing under the influence of two additional high-pressure shafts, which directly automatically press both endless filter belts with a sludge bed between them to the last press roll in the area of partial coverage of the last press roll. The pressure force is created and automatically supported by pneumatic cylinders through the lever system simultaneously on two additional high-pressure shafts. To enhance the impact of each pneumatic cylinder and compensate for the length of its movable rod, the force from it is directed to additional shafts through the end of the larger lever arm of the lever system. This allows you to achieve the maximum degree of dehydration.

The belt filter press is shown in FIGS. 1-5.

Figure 1 - belt filter press. General form.

Figure 2 - diagram of a belt filter press.

Figure 3 is a fragment of the wedge-shaped zone of the filter press.

4 is a fragment of the location of the additional high-pressure shafts.

5 is a General view of the filter press shaft.

The list of symbols in the drawings.

1 - frame;

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 - press roll;

8 - sediment;

9 - a drive shaft;

10, 11 - a tension shaft;

12 - upper positioning shaft;

13 - lower positioning shaft;

14 - upper shaft;

15 - an adjacent shaft;

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 - shaft;

22, 23 - additional high-pressure shaft;

24, 25 - endless filter tape;

26 - wedge-shaped zone;

27 - gravitational zone;

28 - pneumatic cylinder;

29 - movable plate;

30 - lever of the lever system;

31 - a smaller lever arm;

32 - a larger lever arm;

33 - the housing of the pneumatic cylinder 28;

34 - articulated support of the housing 30 of the pneumatic cylinder 28;

35 - a movable rod of a pneumatic cylinder 28;

36 - articulated support for the end of the smaller shoulder 31 of the lever 30;

37 - longitudinal drainage channel;

38 - transverse drainage channel;

39 - an auxiliary shaft;

α is the angle of convergence of the wedge of the wedge-shaped zone 26;

β is the angle of inclination of the filter belt 24 relative to the horizontal plane from the adjacent shaft 15 towards the first press shaft 2;

γ is the slope of the filter belt 24 of the gravitational zone 27.

The belt filter press (see FIGS. 1-5) contains a frame 1, press rolls 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 for squeezing the filtrate from the sludge 8. The press roll 7 is driven. Shaft is also driven 9. Press shafts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 lie in horizontal planes. The filter press contains tension shafts 10, 11, positioning shafts 12, 13, shafts 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, as well as additional high pressure shafts 22, 23. The press shafts from the first shaft 2 to the last shaft 7 are partially covered by two endless filter belts 24, 25 that are movable during the filtering process, where the filter belt 24 is the lower one and the filter belt 25 is the upper one.

The belt filter press contains, in front of the first press shaft 2, a wedge-shaped zone 26 of the gradual removal of the filtrate from the sediment 8 by two endless filter belts converging to the first press shaft 2 at an angle α of convergence of the wedge 24, 25. The filter belts 24, 25 have the ability to continuously drain the filtrate from the sediment (sludge) 8, which is squeezed between the filter belts 24, 25 on the rotating press shafts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

The shaft 14 is the upper shaft 14 of the wedge-shaped zone 26. The shaft 15 is the adjacent shaft 15 between the wedge-shaped zone 26 and the gravity zone 27. The lower filter belt 24 contains a gravity zone 27, which is located along the movement of the belts 24, 25 in front of the wedge-shaped zone 26. The lower filter the tape 24 in the gravitational zone 27 has a slope from the adjacent shaft 15 towards the gravitational zone 27. The angle γ of the slope of the filter tape 24 of the gravitational zone 27 is from eight to twelve degrees.

An adjacent shaft 15 is installed between the wedge-shaped zone 26 and the gravitational zone 27 with the possibility of movement in the horizontal plane. By moving the adjacent shaft 15 adjust the angle γ of the slope of the gravitational zone 27 and partially the angle α of convergence of the wedge of the wedge-shaped zone 26.

The upper shaft 14 of the wedge-shaped zone 26 has the ability to move in a vertical plane to adjust the angle α of convergence of the wedge of the wedge-shaped zone 26 in the range from one to seven degrees. By moving the shaft 14 set the shape of the wedge-shaped zone 26.

This design allows serial production of a typical belt filter press device, in which it is possible to adjust the process of sludge dewatering 8 to any type and density of sludge 8 when adjusting the filter press to a specific order by moving shafts 14, 15, which define the shape of the wedge-shaped zone, relative to the stretched filter tapes 24, 25 until the angle α is adjusted to the required value, which is required to comply with the required technological regime of the entry of a particular type, density, and fluidity of sludge 8 between the filter belts 24, 25.

For example, to filter sludge from 8 domestic wastewater, the angle of wedge convergence angle α is two and a half degrees. The angle β of the slope of the filter tape 24 relative to the horizontal plane from the adjacent shaft 15 towards the first press roll 2 is twenty-three degrees.

To filter the sludge from pulp and paper mills, the angle of convergence α of the wedge of the wedge-shaped zone 26 can be increased to seven degrees by moving along the frame 1 of the upper and / or lower shafts 26, which define the shape of the wedge-shaped zone 26, 14.

To filter more fluid suspensions, the angle of convergence α of the wedge of the wedge-shaped zone 26 can be reduced to one degree.

The belt filter press is equipped with two additional high-pressure shafts 22, 23 directly pressing both endless filter belts 24, 25 to the last press shaft 7 in the zone of partial coverage by filter belts 24, 25 of the last press shaft 7, which allows the filtrate to be further squeezed out of sediment 8 on the last press roll 7 and thereby improve the quality of its dehydration before the release of sludge 8 from the filter press.

The pressure direction of the additional high-pressure shafts 22, 23 is oriented towards the last press shaft 7. The pressure is applied to the ends of the additional shafts 22, 23 and is automatically supported by pneumatic cylinders 28 with lever systems at the ends of the shafts 22, 23 simultaneously on two additional shafts 22, 23 high pressure. Each movable plate 29 of articulation in it of the ends of the additional high-pressure shafts 22, 23 is pivotally attached to the lever 30 of the lever system between its two arms 31, 32, where the arm 31 of the arm 30 is smaller and the arm 32 of the arm 30 is larger. In this case, the housing 33 of the pneumatic cylinder 28 is pivotally mounted through the hinge support 34 to the vertical beam of the frame 1, and the movable rod 35 of the pneumatic cylinder 28 is pivotally fixed to the end of the larger arm 32 of the lever 30 of each lever system. The end of the smaller shoulder 31 of the lever 30 of the lever system is pivotally mounted through the hinge support 36 to the upper horizontal beam of the frame 1. The ratio of the shoulders 31, 32 of the lever 30 of each lever system is one to two.

Press shafts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are covered by endless filter belts 24, 25 from half to two-thirds of the circumference of the cross section of the press shafts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

The press shafts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are so arranged in space along a vertical plane that when the filter belts 24, 25 pass from the previous press roll to the next, the filter belts 24, 25 allow a slope of 5 to 30 degrees relative to the horizontal plane in the direction of the subsequent along the movement of the filter belts 24, 25 of the press shaft.

To accelerate the removal of the filtrate from the sediment, the first two along the course of the sediment movement of the press rolls 2, 3 are made filtering. In this case, the filtrate is discharged from the sediment layer 8 simultaneously from two external sides of the filter belts 24, 25.

Each filter shaft 2, 3 of the filter belt press for removing the filtrate from the belts 24, 25 contains on the surface of the rubberized shaft many open evenly spaced longitudinal profile drainage channels 37, and is also equipped with transverse concentric drainage channels 38, which are in communication with the longitudinal drainage channels intersecting them 37.

For gravity drainage of the filtrate from the shafts, the longitudinal profile channels of each of the filter shafts 2, 3 are located on the trajectories of the multi-helix lines, and to eliminate slipping of the tapes along each of the shafts 2, 3, the direction of the helical lines from one end of each of the shafts 2, 3 to its middle - from right to left, and the direction of the helix from the opposite end of each of the shafts 2, 3 to its middle - from left to right or vice versa. The system of drainage channels 37, 38 provides their self-cleaning, reduces the slipping of tapes 24, 25 along each of the shafts 2, 3.

Due to a significant decrease in the separation of the filtrate from sludge 8 during its dehydration in the direction of the belts 24, 25, as well as to simplify the design of the belt filter press device, the remaining press shafts 4, 5, 6, 7 of the filter belt press are non-filtering.

The filter press shafts are rubberized. Rubberized shafts made of elastic material are partially crushed under the pressure of the tapes 24, 25 and straighten when the tapes 24, 25 leave the shafts, while hard contaminants are difficult to linger on the surface of the channels, which also contributes to the self-cleaning of the device.

To increase the pressure on the sediment 8 in the direction of its movement with the belts 24, 25, the press shafts 2-7 are reduced in diameter, i.e. each subsequent smaller diameter of the previous press roll 2-7.

To adjust the location of the edges of the belts 24, 25 relative to the ends of the press rolls, the filter belt press contains one positioning shaft 12, 13 for each endless filter belt 24, 25. The positioning shafts 12, 13 are able to deviate from parallelism in horizontal planes for the direction of the corresponding filter tapes 24, 25 when they work in the desired direction with the help of external influences of the actuators of horizontal movement of one or both ends of the positioning shafts 12, 13.

The device operates as follows.

The principle of operation of the filter belt press is to form a layer of sludge 8 between the two filter belts 24, 25 and remove the filtrate (moisture) from the sediment 8 (sludge) under the pressure generated by the press rolls 2-7 and filter belts 24, 25.

Pre-conditioned sediment 8 enters the filter belt 24 of the gravity zone 27 of the filter press and is evenly distributed over the entire width of its working surface. Free liquid (filtrate) seeps through the filter belt 24, enters the pan (not shown in the drawings) and is removed. In the gravitational dehydration process, sludge 8 is compacted and gently moves along the surface of the gravitational zone 27 of the filter belt 24 without damaging its structure. Gravity zone 27 precedes the wedge-shaped zone 26 of the filter press.

After preliminary compaction on the filter belt 24 of the gravity zone 27, the precipitate 8 is subjected to further dehydration between two endless belts 24, 25 in the wedge-shaped zone 26 and further in the press zone with press rolls 2-7.

In the wedge-shaped zone 26, the sediment 8 is dehydrated due to the gradually increasing pressure generated between the two belts 24, 25 converging to the first press roll 2. The filtrate is displaced from the sediment 8, since the volume of the sediment 8 decreases along the filter belts 24, 25.

The dewatering pressure in the wedge-shaped zone 26 is regulated due to the degree of tension of the endless filter belts 24, 25, as well as by changing the angle α of the convergence of the wedge in the wedge-shaped zone 26.

Formed in the gravitational zone 27, and then in the wedge-shaped zone 26, a sediment layer 8 between the two filter belts 24, 25 is further dehydrated in the press zone between the press shafts 2-7.

The gravity zone 27 is located on the lower filter belt 24, and the lower filter belt 24 in the gravity zone 27 has a slope at an angle γ from the adjacent shaft 15 towards the gravity zone 27, this does not allow the filtrate to fill the partially dehydrated sediment 8 in the gravity zone 27, which is partially dehydrated by the gravitational method together with the filter belt 24 enters the wedge-shaped zone 26.

The slope of the filter tape 24 of the gravity zone 27 at an angle γ, for example, from eight to twelve degrees, towards the gravity zone 27 eliminates the possibility of the sediment layer 8 sliding into the wedge-shaped zone 26. In this case, the excess filtrate flows to the beginning of the gravity zone 27, creating additional pressure for draining it through the filter tape 24 of the gravity zone 27, which improves the quality and productivity of the sludge dewatering process 8 with a belt filter press.

The design allows serial production of a typical belt filter press device, in which it is possible to adjust the process of high-quality dewatering of sludge 8 to any type and density by moving the upper shaft 14 of the wedge-shaped zone 26 in the vertical plane and the adjacent shaft 15 in the horizontal plane, until the angle α is adjusted the convergence of the wedge of the wedge-shaped zone 26 by one to seven degrees, and the angle γ of the slope of the filter belt 24 of the gravity zone 27 from eight to twelve degrees.

To filter the sewage sludge from a domestic wastewater, the wedge angle α is two and a half degrees. To filter sludge from industrial wastewater, for example, sludge from pulp and paper mills, the angle of convergence of the wedge can be increased to seven degrees by vertical movement along the frame of the upper and / or adjacent shafts. To filter suspensions of increased fluidity, the angle α of the wedge convergence can be reduced to one degree.

The lower limit of the angle γ of the slope of the filter belt 24 of the gravitational zone 27 eight degrees corresponds to sediment 8 with a low filtration rate, for example, household wastewater. The upper limit of the slope angle γ of twelve degrees corresponds to sludge 8 with a high filtration rate, for example, industrial wastewater.

The auxiliary shaft 39 is designed to protect the wedge-shaped zone 26 from overflow of sludge 8. The shaft 39 is located above the wedge-shaped zone 26 between the upper shaft 14 of the wedge-shaped zone 26 and the first press roll 2. In the event of overflow of the sludge 8 of the wedge-shaped zone 26, the shaft 39 holds the swelling of the upper tape 25 and excess sludge 8 is squeezed out from the wedge-shaped zone 26, which partially protects the press shafts 2-7 and filter belts 24, 25 from overload from the sediment layer 8.

At the last press shaft 7 of the filter press, sludge 8 is subjected to additional pressing under the influence of two rubberized additional high-pressure shafts 22, 23, which directly automatically presses both endless filter belts 24, 25 with sludge layer 8 between them to the last press shaft 7 in the partial coverage zone them of the last press shaft 7. The pressure is created and automatically supported by two pneumatic cylinders 28 through lever systems that act simultaneously on the ends of yx additional shafts 22, 23 of high pressure. To enhance the impact of each pneumatic cylinder 28 and compensate for the length of its movable rod 35, the force from it is directed to the shafts 22, 23 through the end of the larger arm 32 of the lever 30 of each of the lever systems. This allows you to achieve the maximum degree of dehydration. Next, the dehydrated sludge 8 with the help of a scraper (not shown in the drawings) is removed from the filter belt press.

Claims (2)

1. A belt filter press comprising a frame with a plurality of shafts, press shafts, lower and upper endless filter belts, a gravitational zone in front of the wedge-shaped zone, an upper shaft of the wedge-shaped zone, an adjacent shaft between the wedge-shaped and gravitational zones, characterized in that the gravitational zone is located on the lower filter belt, the lower filter belt in the gravitational zone has a slope from the adjacent shaft towards the gravitational zone, and the upper shaft of the wedge-shaped zone is mounted with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane, and the adjacent shaft is mounted with the possibility of moving it in the horizontal plane. 2. The belt filter press according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with two additional high-pressure shafts that are able to press the filter belts together with the sludge to the last press shaft, a pressure is applied to each end of the additional shafts and is automatically supported by pneumatic cylinders through lever systems.

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