RU2478272C1 - Method of corn disinfection under conditions of protected ground for breeding purposes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method includes processing of plants with active ingredient which is used as an ozone-air mixture with the ozone concentration of 1-5 mg/m³. At that the plants are processed for 10-30 minutes twice a day time every 3 hours of processing during the growing season.

EFFECT: method enables to increase productivity of corn due to disinfecting effect.

5 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to protect plants in a closed ground against phytopathogenic microorganisms - pathogens of bacterial-viral and fungal diseases of crops.

One of the known methods of combating bacterial-viral diseases of agricultural plants is their treatment with potassium hydroxide solution (to stimulate growth) and acetic acid solution (to accelerate leaf aging) (RF patent No. 2161406 A01N 37/02, A01N 59/00, publ. 01/10/2001).

Known patent of the Russian Federation No. 2180169 dated 03/10/2002, representing a solution of a bactericide (fungicide) for spraying a vegetative plant until it is completely wetted, where as an active substance, a solution containing populations of protozoa prepared by boiling in a crushed dry leaf-stem mass of a plant of the same variety is used as affected by the disease, cooling the resulting solution, removing vegetable residues from it, adding a pH of 7.5 to the potassium phosphate buffer solution, keeping the mixture for 3 days until I’m on the surface of a bacterial film, and populating the solution with the simplest by introducing a freshly cut stem of a healthy plant of the same variety, followed by keeping the mixture for 3-5 days.

A disadvantage of the known technical solutions is that they do not have a selective effect on surrounding objects, do not collapse or do not have time to collapse, and as a result, being preserved in plants, they enter the human and animal body. Apparently, due to the noted shortcomings, these methods, as well as other means of disinfection, did not find large-scale industrial application.

Closest to the claimed is a method of presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops with the active substance - activated water, in which the seeds were first soaked in a solution of activated water, after which they were dried to a certain moisture content in order to increase germination energy and fight against pathogenic microflora (RF patent No. 2170499 А01С 1/00, publ. 07.20.2001 g).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the insufficient effect of the active substance on seed germination, which affects their productivity.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the productivity of corn.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of disinfecting corn in a protected soil for breeding purposes, comprising treating the plants with the active active substance, according to the invention, an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration of 1-5 mg / m ^{3 is} used as the active substance and the plants are treated 10- 30 minutes twice during daylight hours every 3 hours during the entire growing season.

It has been experimentally established that the dose of ozone below the specified minimum value does not have the desired effect. A dosage of ozone above the indicated maximum level causes a burn of plants.

The processing time of the plants is 10-30 minutes due to the fact that during this period of time the maximum disinfecting effect of corn plants is achieved.

The novelty of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the ozone-air mixture is used as the active active substance in the intended treatment mode, which makes it possible to disinfect plants while eliminating environmental pollution, which ensures an increase in the productivity of corn of the ROSS 199MB hybrid.

According to the patent and scientific and technical literature, no similar technical solution was found, which gives reason to judge the ingenuity of the level of the proposed solution.

Since the invention uses a commonly available environmentally friendly chemical compound, it is possible widespread industrial use in agricultural production.

The studies were carried out in the phytotron-greenhouse complex of the KNIISH, in two greenhouses with the same area and the same microclimate. The cultivation of plants of the parent form of corn hybrid ROSS 199MB was carried out since December 20, 2010. The microclimate mode is as follows - 12 hours daylight hours (temperature t≈25-27 ° С; humidity φ≈65%, drip irrigation); - 12 hours dark time of day (temperature t≈14 ÷ 16 ° С; humidity φ≈65%, drip irrigation).

An example of a specific implementation of the disinfection method: the seeds of the corn hybrid ROSS 199 MB are sown in two greenhouses: one control, the other experimental, after emergence, in the experimental greenhouse in the light period from 6 ⁰⁰ to 22 ⁰⁰ hours twice a day, the plants were treated with an ozone-air mixture with ozone concentration of 1-5 mg / m ³ for 10-30 minutes, throughout the entire growing season.

Under general equal conditions, in the 2nd greenhouse, electrozonal installations were used.

In the experimental greenhouse, the treatment with the ozone-air mixture was carried out at different concentrations of ozone and the treatment time, the research results are presented in tables 1-5.

Table 1 Results of the influence of ozone-air treatment on the infection of plants of the corn hybrid ROSS 199MB. Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% (at an ozone concentration of 5 mg / m ³ ) Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 42 26 fifteen four 0 0 Bacteriosis 53 44 thirty 19 7 0 Powdery mildew 37 28 17 9 0 0

When analyzing the effect of ozone-air treatment on the infection of plants of the ROSS 199MB corn hybrid plant according to Table 1 (at an ozone concentration of 5 mg / m ^{3, the} following was found out: bacterial-viral diseases of maize seedlings decreased by 35-40% after 10 minutes of treatment, and the subsequent treatment gradually decreased pathogenic microflora on plants, and within 25-30 minutes, the development of these diseases was completely prevented.

table 2 Treating infected plants with a hybrid of corn ROSS 199MB with an ozone concentration of 4 mg / m ³ in an ozone-air mixture Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 42 thirty eighteen 8 2 0 Bacteriosis 53 49 36 28 17 5 Powdery mildew 37 31 26 19 eleven 0

When analyzing the data presented in table 2 (at an ozone concentration of 4 mg / m ³ ), the effects of ozone-air treatment of the corn hybrid ROSS 199MB revealed the following: bacterial-viral diseases of corn seedlings after 10 minutes of treatment decreased by 28-30%, during subsequent processing gradually the content of pathogenic microflora in plants decreased, and within 25-30 minutes, the development of these diseases decreased by 90%.

Table 3 Treating infected plants with a hybrid of corn ROSS 199MB at an ozone concentration of 3 mg / m ³ in an ozone-air mixture Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 42 35 24 fifteen 7 3 Bacteriosis 53 49 38 29th 21 12 Powdery mildew 37 31 27 twenty 12 3

When analyzing the effect of ozone-air treatment of the corn hybrid ROSS 199MB (at an ozone concentration of 3 mg / m ³ ), the following was found out: bacterial-viral diseases of corn seedlings decreased by 17% after 10-15 minutes of treatment, during the subsequent treatment, the content of pathogenic microflora in plants gradually decreased and within 25-30 minutes, the development of these diseases decreased by 90%.

Table 4 Treatment of infected plants of the corn hybrid ROSS 199 MB with an ozone concentration in the ozone-air mixture of 2 mg / m ³ Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 42 37 25 21 fifteen 6 Bacteriosis 53 fifty 38 31 27 9 Powdery mildew 37 34 29th 22 16 7

According to table 4 (at an ozone concentration of 2 mg / m ³ ), the effects of the ozone-air treatment of the corn hybrid ROSS 199 MB revealed the following: bacterial-viral diseases of the seedlings of corn after 10-15 minutes of treatment decreased by 10-12%, during subsequent processing the content gradually decreased pathogenic microflora in plants, and within 25-30 minutes, the development of these diseases decreased by 83%.

Table 5 Treating infected plants with a hybrid of corn ROSS 199MB at an ozone concentration of 1 mg / m ³ in an ozone-air mixture Disease name The number of infected plants Control% Experienced,% Processing time, min 10 fifteen twenty 25 thirty Fusarium 42 40 33 28 twenty fourteen Bacteriosis 53 51 44 37 29th eighteen Powdery mildew 37 35 31 25 19 10

When analyzing the effect of ozone-air treatment of the corn hybrid ROSS 199MB (at an ozone concentration of 1 mg / m ³ ), the following was found out: bacterial-viral diseases of maize seedlings decreased by 5-6% after 10 minutes of treatment, during subsequent treatment, the content of pathogenic microflora in plants gradually decreased and within 25-30 minutes, the development of these diseases decreased by 67%.

Thus, on the basis of the conducted studies, the effectiveness of the claimed method for disinfecting corn in protected ground for breeding purposes was confirmed, which manifests itself in an increase in the productivity of corn by 50% due to the disinfecting effect.

Claims (1)

A method of disinfecting corn in a protected ground for breeding purposes, comprising treating the plants with the active active substance, characterized in that an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration of 1-5 mg / m ^{3 is} used as the active substance and the plants are treated for 10-30 minutes twice a daylight every 3 hours of treatment during the entire growing season.