RU2477597C2 - Method to differentiate application of mineral fertilisers when harvesting grain crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes harvesting of grain crops by a combine harvester equipped with a crop capacity sensor, measurement of a grain flow arriving into a hopper, determination of quantity of fertilisers required for a specific section of soil, and their application to soil with a spreader of mineral fertilisers, equipped with a system of automatic dosing. A signal from a crop capacity sensor is transmitted directly to a onboard computer of a combine harvester, where data processing takes place, quantity of mineral fertilisers is determined, required for a section of soil, from which the crops were harvested. Then the control signal that varies the value of opening or closing of automatic gate valves installed on the spreader of mineral fertilisers is sent to the spreader of mineral fertilisers, which is integrated with the combine harvester.

EFFECT: method provides for reduction of energy intensity of differential application of mineral fertilisers.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods and devices for applying mineral fertilizers.

A known method of applying mineral fertilizers [1], including harvesting grain crops with a combine harvester equipped with a yield sensor, an on-board computer and a GPS receiver. The yield sensor measures the flow of grain entering the hopper, at the same time, the GPS system collects data on the location of the combine and writes it to the computer's memory indicating the yield of the crop at a given point. After harvesting, the data from the on-board computer is transferred to a stationary PC (computer) of the agro-manager, where a yield map with links to the terrain is compiled. Using these maps, problematic areas with low productivity are identified, agrochemical or agrophysical analysis of the soil of these areas is carried out, and differential fertilization is used to develop ways to level fertility in these areas to stabilize crops throughout the field. Based on these materials, task maps and calculations of the doses of fertilizers introduced by the spreader in this area are prepared. Then the task map is entered into the on-board computer of the tractor, aggregated with a mineral fertilizer spreader, equipped with an automatic dosing system, which ensures differentiated application during the operation of the mineral fertilizer spreader.

The disadvantage of this method of applying mineral fertilizers is its high cost and energy consumption, as well as the need to use additional MTA (machine-tractor unit).

The objective of the invention is the differential application of fertilizers simultaneously with the harvesting of crops.

The objective of the invention is solved by the following set of features of the claimed method.

The proposed method, as well as the known one, involves harvesting grain crops with a combine harvester equipped with a yield sensor, measuring the flow of grain entering the hopper, determining the amount of fertilizer needed for a particular plot of soil, and introducing them into the soil with a mineral fertilizer spreader equipped with an automatic dosing system. In contrast to the known method, when using the claimed method of differential application of mineral fertilizers, there is no need to install GPS receivers, as well as an additional MTA passage for applying mineral fertilizers, since the signal from the yield sensor is transmitted directly to the on-board computer of the combine harvester, where data is processed , the amount of mineral fertilizers needed for the soil from which the crop was harvested is determined, and then a control signal is sent to vtomaticheskie damper mounted on the fertilizer spreader, which sagregatirovan a combine harvester, thereby changing the magnitude of their open or closed, and hence the dose of mineral fertilizers and fertilizer spreader is mounted behind the combine harvester.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the cost and energy intensity of differential application of mineral fertilizers, as well as the exclusion of the use of additional MTA (machine-tractor unit).

The method is as follows.

The combine harvester 1, equipped with a yield sensor 2, moves across the field and harvests the grain crop, the yield sensor 2, in turn, measures the flow of grain entering the hopper and generates a signal corresponding to the amount of grain entering the hopper. Productivity sensors 2 are mounted in the upper part of the elevator, loading grain into the hopper of the combine harvester 1, and are a private set of sensors - mechanical, optical or working on the principle of magnetic resonance.

At the same time, the moisture content of the grain is also determined, which eliminates errors in the determination of its mass caused by differences in humidity.

The signal from the yield sensor 2 about the amount of grain coming into the bunker of the grain combine and its moisture is transmitted to the on-board computer 3 of the combine harvester 1, where the data received from the yield sensor 2 is processed, the yield of the soil from which the crop was harvested is determined, and the yield the fertility of the soil plot and the amount of mineral fertilizers required for the soil plot from which the crop was harvested are determined for their differentiated application by the mineral spreader 5 shots.

The lower the yield, and therefore, the lower the fertility of the soil from which the crop was harvested, the greater the dose of applied mineral fertilizers.

Then, the control signal from the on-board computer 3 is sent to the automatic shutters 4 installed on the spreader of mineral fertilizers 5, thereby controlling the amount of their opening or closing, and, consequently, the dose of applying mineral fertilizers.

Bibliography

1. Zhukova, O. Precision in the fields // Journal "AgroProfi", No. 3, June. - M.: Publishing House LLC AgroProfi, 2008, p.12-34.

Claims (1)

A method for differentially applying mineral fertilizers when harvesting grain crops, including harvesting grain crops with a combine harvester equipped with a yield sensor, measuring the flow of grain entering the hopper, determining the amount of fertilizer needed for a particular area of soil, and applying them to the soil with a mineral fertilizer spreader equipped with a system automatic dosing, while the signal from the yield sensor is transmitted directly to the on-board computer of the combine harvester, de data processing takes place, the amount of mineral fertilizers needed for the soil from which the crop was harvested is determined, and then a control signal that changes the amount of opening or closing of automatic shutters installed on the mineral fertilizer spreader is sent to the mineral fertilizer spreader, which is aggregated with the grain harvester harvester.

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