RU2477035C2 - Disk tillage device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a frame adapted for connection to a traction facility with longitudinal and transverse bars. On the bars there are stands fixed with discs of spherical shape frontally along the entire width of grip. Discs are installed as capable of rotation and control of the angle of attack, and their axes are inclined to the earth surface plane under the sharp angle. The frame is arranged as capable of control of the value of discs deepening and is equipped with a transport wheeled mover, and also levelling, controlled rollers or modules of rollers. Rollers or modules of rollers may be arranged, for instance, of spiral type, moreover. Discs in rows are directed with their concave or convex side to the longitudinal axis of device symmetry so that the number of discs of each row at both sides is identical. In adjacent rows the discs are displaced by a number equal to a quotient from division of the disc-to-disc space into number of rows. The unit frame is arranged in the form of a central centre girder, on which transverse bars are installed. Transverse bars carry stands with fixation of bandage type and working discs. Inner ends of transverse bars are fixed to the beam with the help of hinged joints of cardan type, and their outer ends - to transverse bars with the help of axes of hinged joints, forming parallelogram sections. Sections are equipped with tightening screws to control the angle of attack of the discs, and also with front support wheels, which limit depth of front row discs cutting-in. The beam comprises a helical jacking mechanism of lifting and lowering of a draft coupler. On the beam there are working spherical discs mounted as directed towards each other with concave sides for soil treatment in the central zone of grip width.

EFFECT: structural design will make it possible to increase reliability of a soil tillage device due to simplification of its design, to increase repairability and to reduce power inputs for soil tillage.

6 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage machines designed for pre-sowing tillage without preliminary plowing, for loosening and preparing the soil for sowing, as well as for post-harvest tillage.

Known adapted for aggregation with a tractor, i.e. being a tillage unit, a disk tillage implement, according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2185044, АВВ 21/08, priority dated July 4, 2000, selected as an analogue.

The disk tillage implement contains a frame with transverse bars fixed to it in several rows, on which vertical racks are mounted with axes at the ends and spherical disks mounted on the axles with the possibility of rotation, while the disks have an adjustable angle of attack and are located frontally along the working width. In addition, the disks on the first and second bars are installed with concave or convex sides, respectively, in opposite directions and form the first pair of disks. In subsequent adjacent pairs of rows, the disks are mounted respectively opposite to the disks of the first pair of rows, and each subsequent disk is displaced in the transverse direction relative to the previous disk towards the untreated first row of disks of the inter-disk strip of land by an amount equal to the quotient of dividing the inter-disk distance by the number of rows, while discs are tilted in a vertical plane.

The disadvantage of this disk tillage tool is the low quality of tillage. Firstly, after processing, a comby, uneven bottom is obtained, since the disks of the second pair of rows are set at the same angle of attack as the disks of the first pair of rows. Secondly, since the subsequent paired rows of discs are located in the opposite direction relative to the discs of the first paired row, as a result, wide furrows and earth shafts form on the soil surface after cultivation, that is, the surface of the cultivated land is crested with the content of unshredded clumps of land and plant residues. In addition, discs are the only working bodies on this implement and act as plowshares (dumps), and there is no further cultivation, therefore the quality of the soil treatment is deteriorating and, as a result, additional time and energy are required for additional processing when using the implement for pre-sowing preparation the soil. In addition, the disadvantage of the used cutting unit is that there is no adjustment of the angle of inclination of the axis of the disk to the plane of the earth's surface, i.e. the disk works only at one angle and, therefore, there is no way to rebuild it to perform other agricultural tasks and soil type.

It should also be noted that the disks in paired rows, installed with the convex or concave sides respectively in opposite directions, are at different distances from the trailer point, and since the working conditions of these rows are different, a difference of the moments of forces acting on the disks in the horizontal plane is created, resulting in to the imbalance of the total moments around the point of the trailer, the violation of the straightness of movement and, therefore, to the uneven and poor-quality treatment of the soil layer in terms of working width and depth, i.e. to a deterioration in the quality of soil cultivation, as well as to a deterioration in the working conditions of the driver of the towing vehicle.

Closer to the claimed device in technical essence is a disk tillage implement (see patent RU No. 2291605 C1, A01B 21/08 from 10/17/2005).

This invention contains a frame with transverse bars fixed to it in several rows. Vertical racks with axes at the ends, on which spherical disks are mounted for rotation, are mounted on the bars. Disks have an angle of attack, are inclined to a vertical plane and are installed frontally, along the working width in rows, in which each subsequent disk is displaced in the transverse direction relative to the previous one, towards the untreated first row of disks of the inter-disk strip of land. The disks in the rows are directed by the convexity or concavity to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the implement in such a way that the number of disks in each row of the same direction on one side of the axis of symmetry is equal to the number of disks in the opposite direction on its other side. Between the disks of the first row of guns along the line of its longitudinal axis of symmetry, a plane-cutting paw with a working width equal to the interdisk gap of the disks of the last row is installed.

This constructive implementation allows to improve the quality of tillage and productivity by eliminating the imbalance of forces and ensuring the straightness of the movement of the implement.

It should be noted that this design of the disk tillage unit according to the description of its operation has the following disadvantages.

Firstly, when using the articulated coupling, an uneven processing depth inevitably arises along the rows of discs. Obviously, the first and second rows go along the monolithic soil front, contain a large number of disks and deepen by a larger amount than the subsequent rows of disks running along the already partially destroyed, loosened soil front (especially on dry, loamy and stony soils). It should be borne in mind that the almost inter-disk strip of land is comparable with a given depth of cultivation (usually 10 ... 15 cm), that is, disks adjacent to the layout practically open each other's working zones (furrows), forming a wave-like soil front. This is especially evident at high speeds (traction) of the treatment and leads to the fact that subsequent, rear, rows of discs rise up, losing the originally set processing depth, due to the insufficient part of the total weight of the unit attributable to them, as well as the use of an elongated frame design and rigid cross bars with discs. This drawback reduces the positive effect of the straightness of the movement of the implement and leads to a deterioration in the quality of tillage, although it can be partially eliminated by using a mounted (three-point) rigid coupler with a tractor, which, in turn, significantly reduces the working width (usually not more than five meters) , that is, it limits the overall performance and scope of the unit.

Secondly, the design of the working bodies of the tool does not have an adjustment of the angle of inclination of the axis of the disk to the plane of the earth's surface, which significantly limits the practical use of the unit for solving various agricultural problems.

Further, taking into account the general direction of development of both domestic and foreign agricultural mechanical engineering, namely: increasing the capacity of the used tractors (up to 500 hp), which requires the creation of high-speed, high-performance disk units with a working width of up to 12 ... 14 meters, the proposed design of the disk tillage unit is practically not applicable, due to the lack of basic technical solutions:

- to regulate and stabilize the depth of tillage;

- on the transfer of the unit to the transport (working) position;

- to eliminate shafts and furrows created by spherical disks for soil preparation for sowing, etc.

In connection with the foregoing, the closest technical solution as a prototype adopted disk tillage device according to the patent for utility model RU No. 66654 U1, A01B 21/08 from 04/16/2007

The essence of this invention lies in the fact that a device containing a frame with transverse bars on which frontally across the entire width of the grip, forming rows, fixed racks with disks of convex-concave shape, mounted for rotation; the disks are mounted with an angle of attack, and their axes are inclined to the plane of the earth’s surface at an acute angle so that the convex side is turned to the earth’s surface, while in each subsequent row the disks are displaced in the transverse direction relative to the disks of the previous row by an amount A equal to the quotient from dividing the inter-disk distance by the number of rows, with in each row one half of the discs installed in one direction and the other half in the opposite direction, i.e. the concave or convex sides, respectively, in opposite directions, characterized in that the disks of each subsequent row are installed in the opposite direction relative to the disks of the previous row, and the centers of distance between the nearest disks of the same row located in the opposite direction are shifted by an amount A from row to row.

This disk tillage device additionally contains leveling working bodies of the rotary type, made in the form of, for example, spiral rollers, with the possibility of moving soil along the longitudinal axis of the working body, in opposite directions from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the unit.

Analysis of modern designs of disk tillage machines, offered, for example, by Lemken, Polimag, Gasparado and others, as well as by leading domestic manufacturers: BDM-Agro, NEW TONE, Belagromash-Service, “NOEZNO”, “Sibselmash-Special equipment”, allows us to conclude that the general layout of the design of the unit according to the patent RU No. 66654 U1 (prototype) is the most efficient and technological, although it has the following significant disadvantages:

- firstly, the high complexity, cost and metal consumption of individual components and assemblies and, as a result, their lack of operational reliability and maintainability;

- secondly, a sufficiently high total mass of the unit (sometimes up to 7500 kg or more) requires significant traction efforts (especially at high-speed tillage regimes), i.e. high operational energy consumption and fuel consumption.

The main goal of the proposed technical solution - disk tillage unit - is to increase the reliability of the tillage device by simplifying its design, as well as increasing maintainability and reducing energy costs for tillage.

The essence of the proposed design lies in the fact that the disk tillage device comprises a frame with longitudinal and transverse beams adapted to be attached to the towing vehicle, on which racks with spherical disks mounted with the possibility of rotation and adjustment of the angle of attack are frontally mounted along the width of the grip, and their the axes are inclined to the plane of the earth's surface at an acute angle; the frame is configured to control the depth of the disks and is equipped with a transport wheel drive, as well as leveling, adjustable rollers (roller modules), for example, of a spiral type. In addition, the disks in the rows are directed with the concave (convex) side to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the aggregate in such a way that the number of disks of each row on both sides is the same, while in adjacent rows the disks are shifted by an amount equal to the quotient of dividing the inter-disk distance by the number of rows.

It is proposed: the unit frame to be made in the form of a central spinal beam, on which there are transverse beams, supporting racks with a retaining brace type, and with working spherical disks; while the inner ends of the transverse bars are attached to the beam using the cardan type hinges, and their outer ends are attached to the longitudinal bars using the hinge axes, forming parallelogram sections equipped with turnbuckles for regulating the angle of attack of the disks, as well as front support wheels that limit the depth of incision of the disks front row. In addition, the beam contains a screw, jack mechanism for raising and lowering the traction coupling, as well as working spherical disks directed towards each other with concave sides for processing the soil in the central zone of the working width.

In the proposed design of the disk tillage unit, the frame is made in the form of a rigid spine beam connected by cardan joints with parallelogram sections supporting racks with a retaining band type and with working disks, which significantly simplifies the unit's metal construction, while maintaining sufficient strength and rigidity of the main nodes; reduces the total weight of the gun and its metal consumption, and also increases the reliability of the unit and simplifies maintenance and repair. This structural arrangement of the unit allows the widespread use of standard and normalized parts and assemblies (crosses and forks, universal joints, axles, pins, etc.), which are widely used, for example, in road-building machines and motor vehicles, and this helps to reduce the cost of the product, increase its reliability and maintainability. The simplification of the proposed design in comparison with the prototype is as follows:

- firstly, the mechanism of deepening and lifting the working disks of the front row is screw, jack type and placed directly on the traction hitch, and in the prototype these functions are performed by a complex group of mechanisms, that is, a snitch with a hitch, a lanyard, a two-arm lever driven by a hydraulic cylinder;

- secondly, the angle of attack of the working disks is regulated by lanyards simultaneously on both sections simultaneously for all disks of the unit, and in a known design, by twelve groups of identical mechanisms: these are lanyards, rods, axles with hinges and brackets on the axles of the racks;

- thirdly, in the prototype the frame is equipped with sockets (sometimes up to 60 pieces or more) for mounting racks of working bodies in them, and this significantly weakens (perforates) the frame and wings, requiring additional reinforcement (ribs, pads, braces, etc. .). The proposed design is free from these disadvantages, since the fastening of the racks to the transverse bars is carried out using cast, enclosing, half-shells, tightened by threaded elements, for example, U-shaped brackets (see description below, for figure 4);

- fourthly, in the prototype, the suspension of the leveling rollers to the frame requires the use of three groups of longitudinal and transverse beams, hinges, axles and brackets, while in the proposed design the suspension of the rollers is simplified and is a continuation of the longitudinal bars of the parallelogram sections and the spine beam;

- fifth, in the prototype, to transfer the unit to the transport position, it is necessary to use four hydraulic cylinders and accessories for them, and in the proposed device two are enough. Figure 1 shows the proposed disk tillage device. In Fig.2 is a side view (view A in Fig.1). Figure 3 presents a possible arrangement of central spherical disks. Figure 4 shows: the rack of the working disk with the fastening of the retaining type and type B for mounting the rack, as well as the option of assembling the rack using shim wedges, for example, by 5 ° or 10 °, to change the angle of inclination of the disk.

Positions on the presented figures correspond to:

1 - central spinal beam;

2 - longitudinal beam;

3 - transverse beam;

4 - the axis of the hinge of the longitudinal beam;

5 - gimbal joint

6 - spherical working disk;

7 - disk working central, spherical;

8 - chassis beam;

9 - wheel, transport;

10 - leveling roller (or roller module);

11 - pin comb, elastic;

12 - hitch bracket and roller adjustment - side;

13 - hitch bracket and roller adjustment - central;

14 - front wheels, support with height adjustment;

15 - lanyard of adjustment of the angle of attack of the disks;

16 - hydraulic cylinder lifting and fixing sections;

17 - an arm of a hinge of a hydraulic cylinder;

18 - a hydraulic cylinder transport, wheel;

19 - adjustable hitch with a spherical insert;

20 - screw coupling jack;

21 - half-shell rack of the working disk, lower;

22 - pen rack working disk;

23 - nut mounting the axis of the working disk;

24 - clamping semicase housing, upper;

25 - bracket mounting rack housing;

26 - a nut of fastening of a bracket;

27 - a wedge at 5 ° or 10 °;

28 - emphasis limiter of the angle of elevation of the section in the transport position.

The proposed tillage device has the following design features.

Parallelogram sections are formed to the central spinal beam 1 (see Figs. 1 and 2), formed by longitudinal beams 2 and transverse beams 3, which, in turn, are attached to the beams 2 using the axes of the hinges 4, as well as to the beam 1 by means of cardan type hinges 5. The transverse bars 3 bear the working spherical discs 6, the fastening of the racks of which is made covering, bandage type. In the central zone along the working width, in the lower part of the beam 1 (see Fig. 3), the central working disks 7 are rigidly fixed to the brackets 7. On the top of the beam 1 there is a running beam 8 that carries a transport wheel drive 9. In the rear of the unit , similar to the fastening of the transverse bars 3, mounted working bodies - leveling rollers 10 (or modules of rollers), for example a spiral type. In the central zone, behind the spine beam 1, a pin (harrow) pin, elastic 11 is fixed for leveling the field after the passage of the central working disks 7. The rollers 10 have the ability to adjust the height using removable cage brackets 12 and 13, in order to maintain a given depth tillage for the entire unit as a whole.

In front of the unit, height-adjustable front support wheels 14 are installed, which limit the depth of incision of the working disks of the first row. Moreover, the struts of the support wheels can be made with the possibility of rotation relative to the vertical axis (up to 30 °) - to compensate for the rotation of the wheels when changing the angle of attack of the working disks, using adjustment lanyards 15. Above the upper part of the central beam 1 there is a hydraulic cylinder for lifting and securing sections in the transport (working) position 16, which is attached to the transverse bars of the sections using the vertical hinge brackets 17. This arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder 16 has some features during operation. With the working (horizontal) position of the sections with spherical disks, when the lowering of the sections is limited by the stops of the extreme position on the beam 1 (usually welded on the general assembly of the unit at the installation site), the hydraulic cylinder is under working pressure with the rod fully extended, that is, it prevents deviation (lifting) sections from horizontal position.

When transferring the unit to the transport position, hydraulic cylinder 16, while retracting the rod, first completely lifts, to the stop, the section with working disks having the smallest weight and resistance moments in the hinges, and then the other section, starting from half the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder rod, also emphasis placed on the beam 1.

Next, the hydraulic cylinder 18 of the wheel travel 9 transfers the unit to the transport (or working) position when cultivating the soil - with the help of the running beam 8. At the front end of the spine beam 1 are fixed: coupling 19 (with a spherical insert to compensate for angular displacements) and a screw type jack mechanism 20 , the screw of which can be unloaded from the pulling forces (jerks, bumps) of the tractor suspension, for example, by wedge-shaped vertical bars, and for the convenience of maintenance, the screw jack can be equipped, for example, with a worm manual drive.

The working bodies of the unit (see figure 4) have spherical disks 6 mounted (rotatably) on racks containing, for example, a cast lower half-shell 21 of a U-shape, covering a transverse beam 3, having a groove G for fixing and reinforcing the assembly fastening the rack pen 22. The working disks in the assembly are attached to the rack pen 22 with nuts 23. The rack of the working disks is fastened to the beam 3 using the upper cast half-shells 24, as well as threaded elements, for example, U-shaped brackets 25 with nuts 26.

It should be noted that the groove Г for fixing the stand feather can be turned around (for example, by 5 ° when manufacturing the stand), and this allows installing the working disks in adjacent rows with different initial angle of attack, which helps to improve the quality tillage.

Figure 4 also shows the option of attaching the rack using shim wedges 27 with a slope angle of, for example, 5 ° or 10 °, a similar design is simple to implement, but allows you to quickly and reliably change, if necessary, the angle of inclination of the working discs for preparing the tillage devices for solving various agricultural problems. Further, when transferring the unit to the transport position, stops-limiters 28 of the elevation angle of the working disk sections are used, which are attached to the central spinal beam 1 and can be made adjustable.

The proposed tillage device operates as follows.

After installing the parallelogram sections in the working horizontal position, preliminary adjustments are made: the angle of attack of the disks, lanyard 15, and the specified depth of incidence of the first row of disks with the help of support rollers 14, as well as the total depth of soil cultivation, using the adjustments of the leveling rollers 10 and the coupling screw jack 20. Further, the control strip of the soil is processed and the relative position of the mechanisms of the unit is adjusted, as well as the final correction of their adjustments and testing. To transfer the device to the transport position, the hydraulic cylinders 16 and 18 are put into operation, while the hitch 19 can also be lifted using the tractor's hydraulic suspension (for example, K 700, K 701, K 744, etc.), which usually has a separate-aggregate hydraulic system type. It should be noted that the special fastening of the racks of the working disks (covering, retaining type) allows for uneven wear of the disks to move the working body along the beam 3, that is, to adjust the individual position of each disk (in contrast to the prototype), and this improves the quality of soil cultivation.

In connection with the foregoing, it is possible to conclude that the proposed tillage device, in accordance with the totality of the above characteristics and their relationship, has increased reliability due to the simplification of its design, as well as increased maintainability and reduced energy consumption when processing the soil.

Claims (1)

A disk tillage device comprising a frame with longitudinal and transverse beams adapted to be attached to the towing means, on which racks with spherical disks mounted with the possibility of rotation and adjustment of the angle of attack are mounted frontally over the entire working width, and their axes are inclined to the plane of the earth’s surface under an acute angle, while the frame is configured to control the depth of the discs and is equipped with a transport wheelset, as well as leveling, adjustable cat by rollers or modules, for example, of a spiral type, in addition, the disks in the rows are directed with the concave or convex side to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the unit so that the number of disks of each row is the same on both sides, while in adjacent rows the disks are shifted by an amount equal to the quotient of dividing the inter-disk distance by the number of rows, characterized in that the unit frame is made in the form of a central spinal beam, on which there are transverse bars, supporting racks with a retaining brace type and working disks and, while the inner ends of the transverse bars are fixed to the beam using the cardan type hinges, and their outer ends are attached to the longitudinal bars using the hinge axes with the formation of parallelogram sections equipped with turnbuckles for regulating the angle of attack of the disks, as well as front support wheels that limit the depth insertion of the front row discs, in addition, the beam contains a screw, jack mechanism for raising and lowering the traction coupling, as well as working spherical disks directed towards each other with concave sides ki for tillage in the central zone of width of capture.

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