RU2472068C1 - Waste burning device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.SUBSTANCE: solid fuel burning device consists of reactor containing a loading chamber with heat-resistant bottom in the form of a flattened cone, the smaller base of which is directed downwards, with through openings in conical wall for supply of gasifying agent to the reactor, grate covering smaller base of cone, afterburner, ash chamber and channels for supply of gasifying agent and removal of combustion products. One of the gasifying agent supply channels is located in upper part of loading chamber and serves for supply of additional gasifying agent immediately to fuel bed; at that, grate is provided with possibility of vertical movement in order to provide effective ash removal and unobstructed removal of products of drying, pyrolysis and combustion from reactor, and afterburner is made in the form of an independent unit, located between ash chamber and removal channel of combustion products and interconnected with them in series. At that, bottom of the device consists of hollow ceramic units in the form of segments, the inner cavities of which are interconnected with gasifying agent supply channels and reactor. Grate is made from bimetal; at that, on the reactor side, bimetal has conductivity coefficient that is by 2.0-2.5 times higher than conductivity coefficient of material on the side of ash chamber.EFFECT: maintenance of stable efficiency at continuous operation, reduction of power consumption for erection and removal works, which are related to cleaning of grate surface on the side of reactor from sticking combustion products of solid waste, domestic and industrial wastes.2 dwg

Description

The device can be used in the thermal processing of garbage, household and industrial waste.

A device for burning solid fuel is known (patent UA 75772, F23G 5/027, Bull. 5, 2006; Russian patent 2275552, F23G 5/14, Bull. 12 from 04/27/2006) containing a working chamber with a heat-resistant hearth with in the form of a truncated cone, with a smaller base pointing downward, with through channels in the conical wall for supplying a gasification agent to the reactor, a grate made in the form of an extension blocking the smaller cone base, the afterburner, and the ash chamber.

The known device provides a uniform supply of a gasifying agent to the active surface of the fuel mass, removal of ash into the ash chamber, and gaseous products of drying, pyrolysis and combustion into the afterburner, where they are actively mixed with air.

The disadvantage is the lack of a mechanism for regulating the combustion process depending on the quality of the fuel burned, which does not allow fuel of different morphological composition to be burned with equal efficiency, while the close location of the hearth to the high-temperature combustion surface increases the likelihood of cracking of the lining, resulting in worse ash removal when burning specific waste.

The known device for burning waste (see RF patent No. 2387925 IPC F23G 5/06 Publ. 04/27/2010) consists of a reactor containing a device for burning solid fuel, a loading chamber with a heat-resistant hearth in the form of a truncated cone, with a smaller base pointing down , with through holes in the conical wall for supplying a gasification agent to the reactor, a grate, blocking the smaller base of the cone, afterburner, ash chamber and channels for supplying the gasifying agent and removal of combustion products, while one of the channels An ode to the gasification agent is located in the upper part of the loading chamber and serves to supply additional gasification agent directly to the fuel layer, while the grate is made with the possibility of vertical movement to ensure efficient ash removal and unhindered removal of drying, pyrolysis and combustion products from the reactor, and the afterburning chamber is made in the form of an autonomous unit, located between the ash chamber and the channel for the removal of combustion products and communicated with them in series, and under the device made of hollow ceramic blocks in the form of segments, the internal cavities of which communicate with the supply channels of the gasifying agent and the reactor.

The disadvantage is a decrease in productivity and an increase in the energy consumption of the device during long-term operation due to the drying, pyrolysis and combustion products sticking to the surface of the grate from the reactor side, which not only complicate the process of their removal through the annular gap, but also lead to the need, due to the weight of the grate from adhering particles, increasing drive power for vertical movement of the grate support, which ultimately increases the energy intensity of the whole device for burning solid of fuel, ie, waste.

The technical task of the invention is to maintain constant performance during long-term operation and reduce energy costs for installation and dismantling work associated with cleaning the surface of the grate from the side of the reactor from the sticking products of burning solid waste, household and industrial waste.

The technical result of maintaining operational efficiency during long-term operation is achieved by the fact that a device for burning solid fuel, consisting of a reactor containing a loading chamber with a heat-resistant hearth in the form of a truncated cone, with a smaller base pointing down, with through holes in the conical wall for supplying gasifying gas to the reactor agent, grate, covering the smaller base of the cone, afterburner, ash chamber and channels for supplying a gasifying agent and removal of combustion products, when this one of the supply channels of the gasifying agent is located in the upper part of the loading chamber and serves to supply additional gasifying agent directly to the fuel layer, while the grate is made with the possibility of vertical movement, to ensure effective ash removal and unhindered removal of drying, pyrolysis and combustion products from the reactor, and the afterburner is made in the form of an autonomous unit, located between the ash chamber and the channel for removal of combustion products and communicated with them in series moreover, under the device it is made of hollow ceramic blocks in the form of segments, the internal cavities of which communicate with the supply channels of the gasifying agent and the reactor, characterized in that the grate is made of bimetal, while the material of the bimetal on the side of the reactor has a thermal conductivity of 2.0-2 , 5 times higher than the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material from the side of the ash chamber.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device for burning waste, figure 2 is a section of a grate from bimetal.

The device consists of a reactor 1 containing a loading chamber 2 with a cover 3 and a heat-resistant hearth 4 in the form of a truncated cone with through holes 5 through which a gasifying agent is supplied to the reactor. The reactor 1 is equipped with feed channels for the gasification agent 6 and 7, and through the channel 7 serves an additional gasification agent directly to the waste layer. The smaller base of the hearth 4 is blocked by the grate 8 mounted on the support 9 with the possibility of vertical movement by means of a lifting mechanism 10. The ash chamber 11 communicates with the afterburner 12 provided with a burner 13, and then with the exhaust duct 14. The joints between the ash chamber 11, the afterburner 12 and the channel 14 are sealed with sealing elements 15. The device is mounted on supports 16.

The grate 8 is made of bimetal, while the material of the bimetal from the side of the reactor 1 (for example, aluminum with a thermal conductivity of 204 W / m * ° C, see page 312 Nashchokin VV Technical thermodynamics and heat transfer. M .: 1980. 469 c.il) has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 2.0-2.5 times higher than the thermal conductivity of the material (for example, brass with a thermal conductivity of 85 W / m * ° C, see ibid.) from the side of the ash chamber 11.

The device operates as follows. In reactor 1, the temperature of the waste incineration process reaches 750-900 ° C and the heat flow of combustion products with the same temperature is in contact with material 15, for example, aluminum, grate 8 from bimetal, and from the side of the ash chamber 11, the heat flow with a temperature is an order of magnitude lower ( 70-90 ° C), is in contact with material 16, for example, brass. As a result of the presence of different temperature gradients in the materials 15 and 16 of the grate 8, thermal vibration is formed (see, for example, Dmitriev V.P. Bimetals. Perm. 1991. - 376 S. sludge), which impede the adhesion of drying products, pyrolysis and burning to the surface of the grate 8 from the side of reactor 1. This ensures long-term operation of the energy-efficient operation of the device, namely, that the waste is loaded into the loading chamber 2 through the cover 3. The first part of the gasification agent enters the reactor 1 through the opening Ia 5 formed in the hearth 4. Further part of the gasifying agent, the liquid preferably is supplied via channel 7 directly with the fuel bed. Under the action of the pressure gradient created by the exhaust gas channel 14, both parts of the gasification agent enter the fuel mass. The products of drying, pyrolysis and combustion are removed from the reactor 1 to the ash chamber 11 through the annular gap between the hearth 4 and the grate 8. The size of this gap, if necessary, is regulated by the vertical movement of the support of the grate 9 using the lifting mechanism 10. The products of drying, pyrolysis freed from ash and the combustion enters the afterburner 12 with the burner 13 and then into the channel for the removal of combustion products 14.

The originality of the invention lies in the fact that during long-term operation the efficient operation of the device for burning waste is ensured by eliminating sticking of combustion products on the surface of the grate from the side of the reactor, leading to clogging of the annular gap between the hearth and grate. In this case, the productivity of the device sharply decreases and its energy consumption increases due to the need for unscheduled installation and dismantling works to eliminate sticky combustion products. The sticking of the combustion products is eliminated by making the grate out of bimetal in such a way that the material on the side of the reactor has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 2.0-2.5 times higher than the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material on the side of the ash chamber, and this leads to thermal vibration of the grate, which interferes with the sticking of combustion products.

Claims (1)

A device for burning solid fuel, consisting of a reactor containing a loading chamber with a heat-resistant hearth in the form of a truncated cone, with a smaller base pointing downward, with through holes in the conical wall for supplying a gasification agent to the reactor, a grate, blocking the smaller base of the cone, afterburner, ash chambers and channels for supplying a gasifying agent and removal of combustion products, one of the channels for supplying a gasifying agent is located in the upper part of the loading chamber and serves for feeding additional gasifying agent directly to the fuel layer, while the grate is made with the possibility of vertical movement, to ensure effective ash removal and unhindered output of drying, pyrolysis and combustion products from the reactor, and the afterburning chamber is made in the form of a stand-alone unit, located between the ash chamber and the product removal channel combustion and communicated with them sequentially, moreover, under the device is made of hollow ceramic blocks in the form of segments, the internal cavities of which are They are connected with the supply channels of the gasifying agent and the reactor, characterized in that the grate is made of bimetal, while the bimetal material on the side of the reactor has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 2.0-2.5 times higher than the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material on the side of the ash chamber.

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