RU2467950C1 - Method of producing aluminosilicates and silicon from air suspension of sand particles and apparatus for realising said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of producing crystalline aluminosilicates which enable to satisfy demands which use said aluminosilicates for their direct purposes in industrial production, namely: electrochemical, chemical, as well as devices for implementing such types of technologies. The method involves placing starting material inside a container insulated from its surrounding medium, and exposing said material to a physical field generated in order to convert said material to the end product, said exposure being carried out immediately in its zone of influence, wherein the object for carrying out the latter is an air suspension of sand particles containing silicon and aluminium oxides with particle size of 1-8 mcm, and total volume of these particles relative the total volume of the inside of the container which they fill is 20-40% of its total value, and the physical field used is a rotating alternating magnetic field whose strength, which is measured in the treatment zone, is equal to 2.5×10³-1×10⁶ A/m, and frequency is equal to 40-70 Hz, and the container filled with the treated material acts as the closing connecting link for the flux formed in its and generated by the magnetic system used, and during treatment, a jet of compressed air at excess pressure of 0.1-0.6 kgf/cm² is fed into the bottom residue obtained during said treatment, and the time interval over which such conversion of the starting material to end products takes place is equal to 12-17 minutes.

EFFECT: reduced expenses during synthesis of crystalline aluminosilicates; the apparatus used when realising this method is characterised by simple design, resulting in its high operational reliability.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for producing crystalline aluminosilicates, with the help of which the needs of certain branches of industrial production that are used for their intended purpose are met, namely, electrical, chemical, etc., as well as devices for implementing such technologies.

Known technologies in accordance with which the synthesis of aluminosilicates is carried out in autoclaves in the temperature range of 60-450 ° C from a solution containing sodium aluminate Na [Al (OH) ₄ ] and an aqueous suspension of silicic acid nSiO ₂ · mH ₂ O with the addition of alkali .

The aluminosilicate gel obtained after completion of this treatment is washed and dried at a temperature close to 100 ° C. (see Internet, article "Aluminosilicates", http://slovari.yandex.ru/

However, you should pay attention to the fact that obtaining the final product using the above known method requires significant material and financial costs (due to the fact that this final product is produced using autoclaves at elevated temperatures).

Closest to the proposed is a method for producing aluminosilicates, during the implementation of which the initial mixture is subjected to processing, carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the suspension containing the starting raw materials is exposed to a temperature of 240-325 ° C for 1-20 minutes, and in the second stage, the processed raw materials are kept in an open container at 50-100 ° C for 60-240 hours.

At the end of these steps, a solid crystalline precipitate is formed in the tank used, consisting of aluminosilicates formed at its bottom.

In the implementation of the above technology, a reactor (tank) isolated from the external environment is used, into which the initial raw material mass is placed.

To convert it into a final product, a physical field generated for this purpose is used that acts on the initial raw materials directly in the field of such synthesis. The physical field in this case is temperature. To maintain the range of temperatures created with its use, working elements are used that increase the latter to the specified values for processing raw materials. In the known method, these working elements are made in the form of several heat exchangers - heaters. The composition of such heat exchangers includes thermoelectric heating elements, which in the process of carrying out the work of the latter are connected to an external source to supply power to them.

When carrying out this kind of synthesis of aluminosilicates at the first stage of its execution, the processed mixture is placed in the internal cavity of the technological vessel used, where it is subjected to the above effects from the physical field generated in this zone (in this case, the temperature field).

The second stage of obtaining the final product is carried out in an open container, at atmospheric pressure, and under the influence of a temperature field that provides heating of the medium to values of 90-100 ° C.

The second stage of processing, carried out after the first, takes a long period of time - 60-240 hours. Upon completion, its synthesis of crystalline aluminosilicates can be considered complete.

(See patent RU 2026815 "Method for the preparation of zeolite aluminosilicates with a molar ratio of SiO ₂ / Al ₂ O ₃ = 20"; C01B 33/36, published on January 20, 1995 - hereinafter the prototype).

However, the synthesis of aluminosilicates using this well-known technical solution (prototype) is associated with the need to attract significant financial costs.

The presence of this factor is determined, first of all, by the fact that at its first stage of execution, a chemical reactor (vessel) operating under conditions of high pressure and temperature is used.

The implementation of the second stage of formation of the final product in this known technical solution involves the use of a long time period (60-240 hours), during which the crystallization process of the final product is completed.

All of the above will inevitably have a negative impact on the resulting technical and economic indicators of the process of converting the initial raw material mass into the final product formed during its implementation.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the costs required for the synthesis of crystalline aluminosilicates from the volume of the original raw material mass.

The achievement of the above goals in the proposed method and device is provided due to the presence of the following factors:

The proposed method includes the operation of conducting the placement of the feedstock in the inner cavity used to process the container. In the process of its implementation, this tank is isolated from its external environment.

When converting the raw material mass into the final product during the implementation of the proposed method, a physical field artificially created for this purpose is used.

This transformation itself is carried out directly in the zone of its influence.

New in the method is that an air suspension of sand particles containing aluminum oxide and silicon acts as an object for carrying out this kind of transformation. The dimensions of the particles included in the suspension are 1 μm - 8 μm.

The content of such components in the volume of the latter is 20-40% of its entire value. The physical field used during the processing is an alternating rotating magnetic field. Its tension in the working area is 2.5 × 10 ³ ÷ 1 × 10 ⁶ A / m, and the frequency is 40-70 Hz. When performing this kind of processing, the tank itself with the raw materials loaded into it serves as the closing connecting link for the flow generated in the magnetic system used and used in it. In addition, in the thickness of the sludge deposited at the bottom of the applied tank, compressed air jets are supplied under an overpressure of 0.1 ÷ 0.6 kgf / cm ² , forming the so-called "fluidized bed" in this area.

Used in the implementation of the proposed method, the device consists of the following elements. First of all, it contains a container for accommodating the processed raw material in it. The device also uses working elements that ensure the formation of the physical field particles acting on the constituent raw materials. These work items are connected to an external power source.

New in the device is that its working elements are made in the form of stacked plates of magnetically conductive material. The latter during their joint installation with each other form a closed rectangular contour. At the same time, three coil windings are placed in the body of the individual parts making up such a circuit. Each of them is connected to a corresponding separate phase of an external three-phase source of electrical power. In one of the constituent components of the generator circuit, a through groove is made, the dimensions of which ensure the placement of a container containing the processed air suspension in it.

In addition to all this, a lid is installed on the upper part of this tank, at its end. Its purpose is to isolate the internal volume of the tank from its direct connection with the external environment surrounding the device.

At the bottom of the tank, a nozzle is muffled from the end part, in the walls of which perforation holes are made.

With the help of the latter, the bottom layers of the product of the jets of compressed air supplied through them are led to the bottom layers surrounding the pipe.

The internal cavity of this pipe is connected to the cavity supplying compressed air under excessive pressure of the external line.

When using the entire set of the above features of the proposed method, as well as in the design of the device used during its implementation, the nature of the processing process during its implementation undergoes the following changes.

At the very initial stages of this kind of process, the raw material used during its execution passes through the operation of the so-called "ultrafine grinding". During the execution of the latter, the grains of the feedstock are converted into particles with overall dimensions from 1 μm to 8 μm.

Such changes in their sizes can be made using any currently known technologies, for example, using widely used ball mills.

Finished fine mass passed through such a “grinding” is then dried in an oven at a temperature of 120 ° -150 ° C for 30-50 minutes.

At this stage, the preliminary preparation of raw materials for its subsequent processing can be considered completed.

Obtained from sand containing oxides of aluminum and silicon, the pulverized raw material mass is then placed in the internal cavity of the technological tank 3.

The raw material placed in the cavity of the container 3 then passes through an operation of mixing it with the volume of air filling it.

As a result of all this, a stable, opaque, dusty suspension is formed in the latter.

The operation of mixing the above components in the volume of the tank 3 can be carried out using any known technological methods, for example, using a mechanical paddle mixer introduced into the vessel or by supplying compressed air jets from a special nozzle to its bottom.

After receiving such a suspension, the container 3 is closed by a lid 8, and is installed in the through groove "B" of the magnetic flux generator.

The perforated pipe 6 used to supply compressed air to the container 3, after the operation of its installation in the generator is completed, is connected to the last supply line.

Upon completion of all of the above transitions, all windings of coil 2 (see Fig. 1) of the generator used are connected to the corresponding phases of the external power source (not shown in the drawing).

Each of these windings of the coils when it receives alternating electric current supplied from the corresponding phases of an external power source, begins to generate its own magnetic field.

Since all windings used - in the loop - coils 2 are mounted in the corresponding mounting windows (not shown in the drawing), made directly in the volume of the magnetically conductive working elements 1, the individual magnetic fluxes generated by them are combined using the latter into a single total. Thus, a common magnetic field is created in the circuit, formed using these three separate components obtained in the installation zones of each of the above windings - coils 2.

Since the alternating current supplied for their power supply in each of the phases of the external source has angular shifts of the components of its sinusoidal waves with respect to the neighboring ones, the total magnetic field thus formed is obtained not only as alternating, but also as if carrying out “rotation” into its surroundings spatial area.

One should also pay attention to the fact that the total magnetic flux formed in the generator circuit when it is turned on will tend to close its halves torn by slot “B”, as if connecting them into a single whole (creating a kind of closed “loop”).

In the process of doing this, he inevitably makes a “slip” through the internal cavity of the tank 3, filled with particles 4 of the processed raw material.

The latter performs in the course of this kind of transition from one half of the circuit to another the role of the closing connecting link used to process this magnetic system. Those. become a kind of "step", based on which this transition between the working elements 1 of this kind of generator and become feasible with the lowest possible energy loss.

All of the above ensures the maximum possible concentration of the lines of force generated in the device of the magnetic field directly in the zone of the process of converting the raw particles 4 into the necessary final product of their processing - granules 5, consisting of aluminosilicates and silicon.

Correspondingly, the resulting vector of the total magnetic flux formed in the same region performs oscillatory angular displacements there, while transferring the zone of its influence to the surrounding particles 4 over all three spatial coordinates (x; y; z).

In addition, in the process of this, the latter changes not only the direction of action, but also its magnitude (with a given frequency of 40-70 Hz). If we connect, using the curved lines, the points of finding its end, running around the parts of the spatial volume surrounding this vector for a pre-selected certain time period, we get a figure that is outlined closest to the three-dimensional "ellipsoid" (see zone "D" in figure 1 )

The narrowing of its front and rear ends is determined by the increase in magnetic resistance, which inevitably appears due to the appearance of mounting gaps "a" at the time of installation of the tank 3 in the generator.

Since this resulting vector performs this entire set of the above actions in the internal cavity of the tank 3 filled with the processed medium, the whole series of periodically repeating ones (40-70 Hz) falls on the particles of raw materials 4, as well as gas molecules - oxygen, carbon monoxide. ) "shocks" and "kicks".

Under their influence, the atoms of their molecules, whose electrons move to higher orbits relative to their core, are inevitably activated.

In this case, the covalent molecular bonds previously existing between them are broken, and new ions appear in the treatment zone, which are formed from these atoms included in the initial molecular compounds.

As a result of this, activated molecular fragments appear in the processing zone itself, which previously constituted its particles that are part of the raw material mixture used; as well as filling the cavity of the tank 3 and included in the composition of atmospheric air microvolumes of gases.

When a series of reactions proceeds in the future, all the components obtained there form “nuclei” of new compounds that were previously absent in the initial raw material, namely, aluminosilicates and silicon, which can be carried out according to the scheme:

CO ₂ → C ⁴⁺ + 2O ^2- ;

CO ₄ → C ^4- + 4H ⁺ ;

Al ₂ O ₃ + C ⁴⁺ → 2Al ³⁺ + CO ₂ + O ^2- ;

SiO ₂ + C ⁴⁺ → Si ⁴⁺ + CO ₂ ;

2H ^{+ -} + O ^2- → H ₂ O;

O ₂ → O ^2- + O ^2- ;

Al ³⁺ 6Si ⁴⁺ + 15O ^2- → 6SiO ₂ · Al ₂ O ₃ .

Other substances that are part of the impurities present in the raw materials, as well as aluminosilicates and silicon, will be converted into new crystalline structures, which will subsequently comprise lumpy spongy waste (slags) that appear at the end of the processing process.

Since the “nuclei” obtained from the above-mentioned new structures obtained in the zone of such an energetic effect have a rather high density (2.48 g / cm ³ -2.54 g / cm ³ ), they settle under the action of gravitational forces, falling to the bottom of the tank 3. Moving in the vertical direction, such “embryos” from newly obtained compounds capture small particles 4 of the surrounding raw material mass along the road, overgrowing with a kind of “fur coat”.

Once in the lower part of the cavity of the tank 3, they create a "bottom layer" artificially formed due to the action of these factors. As soon as jets of compressed air supplied under excess pressure (0.1 ÷ 0.6 kgf / cm ² ) begin to enter the thickness of the latter, the components entering it under the influence of the latter begin to make intense oscillatory movements, either rising up or falling down. This creates the so-called "fluidized bed".

All the processes listed above, due to the action of an alternating rotating magnetic field on the compounds entering the bottom layer, proceed in this area in the same way as in the rest of the raw material suspension processed in the device.

The differences in the implementation of this kind of technology in this region of the cavity of the vessel 3 will consist only in the fact that under the conditions of the “fluidized bed” formed in it, the quantity of microvolumes of ionized gas supplied to the “nuclei” significantly increases (C ⁴⁺ ; O ^2- ), as well as new building “mini-bricks” (Al ³⁺ ; Si ⁴⁺ ) that fall there and are used to build large granules forming there. Gas ions (C ⁴⁺ ; O ^2- ), as mentioned earlier, are generated from the volumes of gases supplied to this processing zone - oxygen O ₂ , carbon monoxide CO ₂ , methane CH ₄ , which are part of the compressed air used.

The presence of all the above factors of influence on the raw material used allows us to significantly intensify the process of obtaining new components from it - aluminosilicates and silicon, and also creates conditions for the formation of the above compounds in the form of large-sized granules with sizes from 1.5 to 13 mm.

The ratio obtained at the final stage of processing the above end products is determined, first of all, by the composition of the raw material used.

When aluminum oxide predominates in it, the amount of silicon produced decreases, and vice versa.

The purity of the feedstock determines the amount obtained at the final stage of the processing of waste, and also affects their composition and structure.

If the proportion of the ratio of alumina to silica was perfectly verified, there would be a theoretical basis for obtaining 100% of the final product only in the form of the same aluminosilicate, and vice versa - the same can be said about the crystalline silicon formed. Those. the appearance of "silicon" in the composition of the resulting "product" of processing is ensured by the fact that for the corresponding amount of aluminum ions in the reaction zone, the necessary "partners" - silicon atoms, have already been completely disassembled. The latter, remaining free, were transformed into microcrystals, from which these silicon granules were created.

Thus, in the bottom region of the tank 3, and at the end of the processing process, the accumulation of large granules from the above crystalline aluminosilicates and silicon is ensured.

The structural formula of the newly obtained aluminosilicates in this case has the form 6SiO ₂ · Al ₂ O ₃ and does not undergo any changes with all possible variations in the mode of the applied technological process. The degree of purity of the material relative to the impurities contained in the composition corresponds to 99.88%. The relative permittivity is ε = 2.4 (analog 2.5) when measured with a frequency of 50 Hz, and the specific volume resistance is 1 × 10 ¹⁹ (analog 1 × 10 ¹⁵ ). The amount of material forming from the raw material mass reaches 31-35%. The granule size is from 2.5 to 13 mm. In addition to aluminosilicates, in the course of processing, silicon granules are also formed, the latter in the final product being obtained, are presented in two forms.

The first type is larger granules with overall dimensions of 2.5-4.6 mm; the purity of the material obtained is 96.55% in the last Si; their amount, depending on the mass and composition of the feedstock, is in the range of 5.9-6.3%.

The second type is smaller granules with overall dimensions from 0.3 to 2 mm. Their amount in the mass of the final product reaches 3.3-3.8%. The silicon content of Si in them is 99.21%. The relative permittivity of such a granular product is ε = 11.7-11.9 for both the first and second groups of Si granules.

The predominant formation of precisely these compounds in the process of performing a powerful energy effect on the processed multicomponent raw material mass is explained, first of all, by the fact that only the above structures have the lowest possible values of their internal energy, under the conditions of energy equilibrium in the processing zone, and the whole possible set of options synthesis of all compounds present there.

The proposed treatment itself is carried out at room temperature (18-27 ° C) and using a pressure range slightly different from atmospheric (above the latter only 0.1 ÷ 0.6 kgf / cm ² ).

The total yield of the final product from the raw material mass is in the range of 47.6%, which allows us to consider, due to the low cost of the starting materials used, the very implementation of the proposed method for obtaining these above-mentioned final products is economically justified.

The amount of slag-like products formed at the end of the processing process is usually 19-24%. The composition of the latter includes compounds of magnesium, calcium, iron, sulfur.

The rest of the processed products - up to 100%, is represented by the formation of new gas volumes that are released directly into the atmosphere (CO ₂ , SO ₃ , H ₂ S, H ₂ O, O ₂ ).

This process of obtaining the above end products is associated with the use of a short time interval of 12-17 minutes, and the processing of air suspension of the feedstock proceeds at values of an alternating magnetic field of 2.5 × 10 ³ ÷ 1 × 10 ⁶ A / m , with a frequency of 40-70 Hz.

To the very same feedstock, no special requirements are made regarding its composition and degree of purity. So, for example, to carry out the above treatment, sand-loam was taken from a nearby garden plot. The composition of such a raw material mass included the following compounds:

Sand SiO ₂ - 33%

Clay Al ₂ O ₃ - 22%

Magnesium sulfate Mg ₂ SO ₄ - 11%

Limestone CaCO ₃ - 16%

Iron oxide Fe ₂ O ₃ - 4%

Iron pyrite FeS ₂ - 1.5%

Other impurities (gypsum CaSO ₄ , etc.) - the rest, up to 100%.

In the following examples of the implementation of the proposed method, this sand-loam was used as the initial raw material mass.

Further, the implementation of the proposed method is illustrated using a number of examples below.

Example 1. To prepare the initial raw material mixture used to obtain granular aluminosilicates and silicon, sand-loam was used, the data of which were presented above.

Before the start of the processing process, the grains included in the composition of the sand-loam sand were crushed to obtain, after its completion, accumulations of particles with overall dimensions of 1-8 microns. This transition was carried out at a ball mill.

Then, the raw material obtained by grinding was dried in an oven at 120 ° C for 50 minutes. After all this, she fell asleep in the cavity of the tank with a capacity of 5 liters. The volume of dust particles placed in it amounted to 20% relative to its own internal.

At the end of the transition to fill the tank 3, was carried out stirring lying on its bottom of a dusty sediment using introduced mechanical stirrer.

The mixing of the latter was carried out before the moment of formation in the cavity of the container 3 of a homogeneous opaque stable suspension, uniformly filling this entire volume.

At the end of this stage, the container 3 was closed by a cover 8 and it was mounted in the installation groove "B" of the magnetic field generator (see Fig. 1).

After that, the perforated pipe 6 was connected to the external supply line of compressed air.

Simultaneously with the supply of compressed air under an overpressure of 0.1 kgf / cm ² , all three windings-coils 2 of the magnetic field generator were connected to their external electric power source. The intensity of the magnetic field measured in the processing zone, measured with a Hall sensor and a measuring bridge, was 1 × 10 ⁶ A / m, and its frequency corresponded to 70 Hz. After 12 minutes (0.2 hours) from the moment the generator was turned on, the suspension filling the entire internal cavity of the tank 3 became fully transparent, and at the bottom there were formed granules with different dimensions, differing in color shades.

The first group of such compounds was composed of aluminosilicates having the structural formula 6SiO ₂ · Al ₂ O ₃ , the impurity content in the total mass did not exceed 0.14% (the degree of frequency corresponded to 99.86%). The relative dielectric constant for this newly obtained compound ε had a limit of 2.42 (the measurement was carried out at a frequency of 50 Hz) (the closest analogue had ε = 2.5).

The specific volume resistance of such a compound was 1 × 10 ¹⁹ (the closest analogues have this indicator of 1 × 10 ¹⁵ ).

The sizes of these granules were in the range of 9-13 mm; and they had a white opaque matte color cast. The yield of this final product was 32.8%.

Other granules obtained during processing with the conditions indicated in Example 1 had a dark gray hue and consisted of silicon Si. One of the groups that make up the latter contained this element in an amount of 96.54%. The dimensions of the granules containing such a product were in the range of 3.9-4.6 mm. The dielectric constant ε was equal to 11.9. The yield of this compound from the feed stock was 6.3%. The color shade of these granules corresponded to gray.

The second group of granules, also consisting of silicon Si; had a dark gray shade and was represented by grains, the dimensions of which were from 0.3-0.7 mm.

The purity of the product contained in them relative to its entire mass corresponded to a value of 99.19%.

The yield of this product relative to the used mass of raw material reached a value of 3.5%. The dielectric constant of this kind of granules ε corresponds to a value of 11.7.

In addition to the above end products, bulk lumpy spongy waste was generated at the bottom of the tank, the amount of which was 19% relative to the raw material used. The overall dimensions of such pieces corresponded to 25–40 mm; this “slag” included Mg compounds; Ca; Fe; S.

The remaining material mass, up to 100%, was represented by newly formed gas products (O ₂ , CO, SO ₃ , H ₂ S, H ₂ O), which left the volume of tank 3 directly into the surrounding atmosphere.

Example 2. According to the same scheme as shown in example 1, the processing of the feedstock - sand-loam.

As in the case indicated above, its constituent grains were crushed using a ball mill to obtain particles with dimensions of 1 μm - 8 μm. The resulting raw material was dried in an oven at 150 ° C for 30 minutes. After that, it, just as in example 1, was placed in the cavity of the tank 3, while its volume was 40% of the volume of the latter. After completion of all the transitions necessary for processing (see the data specified in Example 1), an operation was carried out to obtain the required final product from this raw material mass indicated above.

The processing was carried out with the supply to the bottom of the tank 3 of compressed air under an overpressure of 0.3 kgf / cm ² . The magnetic field strength in the treatment zone was 2.5 × 10 ³ at a frequency of 40 Hz. The processing time was 17 minutes (0.283 hours). At the end of this process, the following types of final products were obtained:

In the first group, granules of aluminosilicates with the same structural formula as in example 1.

The granules themselves containing this product had a matte white color and their dimensions corresponded to 5-8 mm; the degree of purity of the material included in the latter corresponded to a value of 99.87%.

The relative dielectric constant, when measuring at a frequency of 50 Hz, ε was 2.41.

The specific volume resistance corresponded to 1.01 × 10 ¹⁹ .

The amount of such final product formed from the initial raw material mass was 31%. In addition, silicon granules having gray and dark gray color shades were included in the mass of the obtained final product. One of the groups consisted of dark gray granules having overall dimensions of 0.5-1.0 mm. The degree of purity of the silicon contained in it was 99.19%. The dielectric constant ε is 11.88. The yield of this group of granules relative to the total used during processing of the mass reached 2.9%. The second group of granules, gray, also containing silicon, had overall dimensions of 3.5-4.0 mm. The degree of purity of the material contained in them was 96.54%. The yield of this product from the original raw material mass was 6.2%. The dielectric constant for this group of granules corresponded to a value of 11.94.

In addition to those obtained by processing the final products, lumpy bulky “slag” wastes landed at the bottom of the tank, which included Ca compounds; Mg; Fe; S. Overall dimensions of the pieces ranged from 20 to 35 mm, their number reached 21%.

The mass of material remaining from processing; the rest, up to 100%, was represented by newly formed gas products that were sent directly from the cavity of the tank 3 to the atmosphere.

Example 3. In accordance with the processing schemes described in examples 1, 2, the processing of the initial raw material mixture obtained from sand of the same exact composition as in the above examples was carried out.

As in the examples disassembled previously, grains of sand-loam were crushed using a ball mill to obtain particles with overall dimensions of 1 μm - 8 μm.

The mass of raw materials thus formed was dried in an oven at 135 ° C for 45 minutes. Then, as in the above examples 1 and 2, an air suspension was prepared from it in the cavity of the tank 3. The volume of particles used to form it was 30% of the volume of the tank.

After installation of a container 3 containing this suspension into the generator, compressed air was supplied to the bottom part of it under an overpressure of 0.6 kgf / cm ² . The magnetic field strength during the processing process was 9.96 × 10 ⁴ A / m, the frequency of the magnetic field was 50 Hz.

The processing time was 14 minutes (0.233 hours).

After completion of the operation of processing the feedstock into final products, the following components were obtained from it:

The first group of the latter consisted of granules of aluminosilicates 6SiO ₂ · Al ₂ O ₃ ;

These granules themselves had dimensions from 9 to 13 mm; the color of the granules can be classified as dull white.

The degree of purity of the material included in their composition reached a value of 99.88%. The relative permittivity ε of such aluminosilicates obtained by processing was 2.4 (measurements were taken at a frequency of 50 Hz).

The specific volume resistance of this material formed by the above method was 1 × 10 ¹⁹ .

The amount of this final product was 35%. In addition, at the bottom of vessel 3, at the end of this stage, two types of silicon-Si granules were revealed in the mass obtained there. The latter had gray and dark gray color shades.

One of them was dark gray granules with overall dimensions of 1.5-2.0 mm.

The purity of the silicon containing them was determined as 99.21%.

Their dielectric constant ε was 11.71.

The amount of these obtained granules, determined relative to the raw material used, was 3.8%;

The second group of granules formed during processing is gray, also consisting of crystalline silicon, and the overall dimensions of its constituent granules are 4.1–4.6 mm.

The degree of purity of the main material (Si) contained in them was 96.55%.

The amount of this type of granules, determined relative to the total raw material used during processing of the feed, was 6.3%.

The dielectric constant ε in this product was 11.9.

In addition to the granules of the final product obtained above, at the bottom of the tank 3 there were also lumpy bulky waste of a “spongy” structure.

The latter included compounds Ca; Mg; Fe; S. Their overall dimensions ranged from 35 to 45 mm;

The amount obtained at the end of the processing of this kind of waste in this example corresponded to 23%.

The mass of material remaining after its execution, the rest is up to 100%; consisted of newly formed microvolumes of gas products that left the cavity of tank 3 and left the atmosphere.

Thus, the above examples of the proposed method have confirmed the feasibility of the process of obtaining the final products necessary to meet the needs of industrial production and used for various purposes.

In this case, a widespread and low-cost raw material was used - sand-loam. Such a raw material intended for synthesis did not require any additional operations of its refinement — purification or enrichment. The choice of values used during processing the parameters used in the course of its implementation of the magnetic field, as well as its other technological characteristics, is based on the following considerations.

The particle sizes of the raw materials, the dimensions of which are in the range of 1 μm to 8 μm, and the above-mentioned limits for filling the internal cavity of the tank 3 in 20-40% of its volume are assigned based on the need to form a stable dusty air suspension with their use.

The latter should not be stratified into separate components for the time period necessary for the complete completion of the process.

The indicated limits of the magnetic field are given due to the following considerations.

When applying magnetic field strengths of values less than 2.5 × 10 ³ A / m, it is not possible to provide conditions for the synthesis of the above end products from particles of the used feedstock. The necessary structural transformations in the latter simply do not have time to occur within the time interval specified above for the implementation of this process.

The use of magnetic field strengths greater than 1 × 10 ⁶ A / m does not provide any additional benefits during the processing of this kind of raw material processing method, but at the same time, the technological costs necessary for its implementation significantly increase energy.

The boundaries of the frequency range of the generated magnetic field used during the implementation of the proposed method are assigned based on the following.

When its frequency value is less than 40 Hz, the formation of crystals of aluminosilicates and silicon is not ensured in suspended particles used as raw materials.

The resulting vector of the total magnetic flux obtained in the process of creating an alternating magnetic field acts on them with an insufficiently high degree of intensity. Those. in the cloud of the latter surrounding him, he moves too "languidly."

On the contrary, when the frequency value is higher than the limit of 70 Hz, the above vector moves so rapidly that the particles falling on the path of its spatial transfer do not have time to interact with it. Again, in this case, the creation of optimal conditions for obtaining compounds from the necessary final products is not guaranteed.

The designation of the time intervals of 12-17 minutes used in processing is made on the basis of the following considerations.

When its values are less than 12 minutes (0.2 hours), the structural transformations necessary for the formation of these final products do not have time to finish, taking place in the particles that make up the raw material mass.

When applying values of this time interval greater than 17 minutes (0.283 hours), no additional positive effect is obtained. At the same time, the use of large time periods leads to an inevitable increase in the total costs associated with the implementation of this kind of process of processing the feedstock into the above end products.

Based on the same exact considerations, the assignment of the excess pressure value in the volumes of compressed air supplied to the bottom layer was performed.

When the excess pressure values are less than 0.1 kgf / cm ² , the productivity of the process for producing aluminosilicates and silicon decreases.

When the values of this parameter are greater than 0.6 kgf / cm ² , it is not possible to provide additional intensification of the production of these final products. At the same time, when using values of excess pressure of compressed air greater than this value indicated above, the costs necessary to receive and supply the volumes of compressed air used during processing of electric energy increase.

You should also pay attention to the fact that these final products obtained after the completion of the processing process, as well as slag-like wastes formed in the bottom layer, have very different dimensions from each other. The presence of this circumstance makes it possible to divide the groups of structural compounds formed at its final stage among themselves, without attracting significant financial resources to carry out this operation.

It can be carried out using a series of sequentially installed calibration sieves, on each of which granules of a certain final product will be accumulated, extracted from their total mass, having appropriate sizes given by the mesh cells.

Further, in the following description materials of the invention, the principles of operation of the device used in the implementation of the proposed method are considered.

The drawing shows:

General view of the proposed device - figure 1.

In Fig.1, in turn, are indicated:

Position 1 - working elements made of a magnetically conductive material, for example, transformer iron, with the help of which a magnetic circuit is formed in the used generator.

Position 2 - winding coils installed directly in the body of the working elements 1 and designed to generate magnetic flux.

Position 3 - capacity for placement in its cavity of an air suspension of particles 4 of the processed raw materials.

Position 4 - particles obtained from grains of sand-loam, evenly distributed in the surrounding atmospheric column, filling the internal cavity of the tank 3.

Position 5 - granules of aluminosilicates and silicon, obtained in the bottom layer of the used tank 3.

Position 6 - perforated pipe supplying compressed air under excessive pressure into the thickness of the solid sediment formed at the bottom of the tank 3.

Position 7 - through holes of perforation in the walls of the pipe 6, through which the exit of air jets.

Position 8 is a cover lying on the walls of the tank 3 at its upper open part, with the help of which the internal volume of the latter is isolated from its direct connection with the environment surrounding the container.

The letter "B" is a through groove intended for installation of capacity 3 in a magnetic field generator.

Letters “a” - air gaps obtained during installation of the container body 3 into the installation groove “B”.

The letter "D" is the spatial figure formed by the displacement of the resulting magnetic flux vector, located in the internal cavity of the tank 3.

The letter "P" is the flow direction and the amount of excess pressure in the volumes of compressed air supplied to the bottom sediment.

The letter "C" is the spatial volume located in the cavity of the tank 3, filled with the processed air suspension from sand particles 4.

The operation of the proposed device depicted in figure 1, proceeds as follows.

Before turning on the magnetic generator, the internal cavity of the tank 3 is filled with the processed suspension.

The above raw material contains particles 4 obtained by "ultrafine grinding" of sand-loam grains. Particles of this kind immediately before processing are evenly distributed in the cavity of the container 3 in a column of atmospheric air surrounding them on all sides. This operation is performed by mixing the dust-like mass that has settled on the bottom of the tank 3 with a blade mechanical mixer (not shown in the drawing).

Upon completion, the internal volume of the tank 3 is filled with a uniformly distributed opaque stable suspension.

Then the tank 3 with the particles 4 filling its cavity is closed to isolate its volume from the connection with the environment of the lid 8.

The aforementioned lid is laid on its walls located in the upper part of the container, at its open end.

Upon completion of all of the above steps, the tank 3 is installed in the through groove "B" of the circuit of the magnetic generator (see figure 1).

After the operation of its installation, the cavity of the pipe 6 located in its bottom part is connected to the cavity of the external air supplying compressed air (not shown in the drawing). Such a connection can be made, for example, using a flexible sleeve and a quick coupler mount (not shown).

This ensures the possibility of supplying under excessive pressure into the volume of the tank 3 jets of compressed air passing there through the perforation holes 7 made in the walls of the pipe 6 (see figure 1).

At the same time, all three windings-coils 2 are connected to the corresponding phases of an external source of alternating electric current supply.

When the latter arrives at the above-mentioned windings-coils 2, performing the functions of solenoids, an alternating magnetic field begins to be created in each of them.

Since all these windings-coils 2 are interconnected to form magnetically conducting elements 1 forming a single contour, because of this, already one, a single total is formed in it due to the merger of such individual fields.

Given that the electric current for supplying the windings-coils 2 is supplied alternating, then the magnetic field obtained in the generator itself will be the same.

Due to the available angular shifts in the phases of this external power source used as wave sinusoidal pulses, the total field formed with the help of the latter also “rotates” in the field of its effect.

This "rotation" is ensured by means of a supply continuously supplied to each of the three windings-coils 2, supplied from separate phases of the external three-phase current industrial network serving them (not shown).

Due to the fact that the closed rectangular circuit of the generator is broken by the through groove “B” made in it, the total magnetic flux formed in its working elements 1, which appeared as a result of connecting the latter to the power source, tends to close both halves of this circuit into a single whole.

To do this, the total magnetic flux created in such a circuit should “jump” over the region of space occupied by the through groove “B”.

On the path that runs through the zone of such a “jump”, the flow inevitably intersects with the internal cavity located in this part of the device of the tank 3.

In this case, the latter serves as the “supporting step”, which helps to overcome the empty space that separates both halves of the contour, and the above flow passing through this part of it.

Those. a container 3 with a suspension of particles 4 placed inside it serves as a closing connecting link for generating an alternating magnetic field and a system created for this purpose.

As a result of all this, a magnetic field is formed directly in the region lying on the path of such a flow, occupied by the volume of the processed suspension, with its maximum achievable parameters for these conditions.

Accordingly, the impact on the particles 4 of the processed raw material from the side of the latter will also be carried out with the highest possible intensity, which ensures optimal conditions for their conversion into these necessary final products themselves.

The zone created at the site of this magnetic flux transition indicated by the letter “D” (see FIG. 1) is formed by connecting, using curved lines, the points of the final location of the resulting magnetic flux vector at the moments of its angular vibrational displacements in all three spatial coordinates. The “D” zone obtained by merging this kind of separate curves is, ultimately, a spatial ellipsoid, inside which, accordingly, this kind of movement of this vector is carried out.

This ellipsoid "D" is entirely located in the volume of the internal cavity of the tank 3, and all the raw particles 4 located there, as well as the gas layers filling it, inevitably turn out to be located in the zone of influence of the latter.

The effect of the resulting vector formed in this way on the components processed with its help proceeds with periodically changing its direction, as well as its magnitude (frequency 40-70 Hz).

The flatness of the ellipsoid obtained in the processing zone in the front and rear parts is determined by a sharp increase in the total magnetic resistance in the places where the mounting gaps “a” occur (see Fig. 1).

Thus, particles 4 containing aluminum oxide and silicon oxide at the time of processing pass through a series of “shocks” and “shocks” acting on them. At the same time, they are applied from all sides and in all possible directions.

Under the influence of all this, the electrons of the atoms that make up the compounds subjected to this kind of processing pass from the underlying orbits to more distant from their nucleus. Previously created covalent bonds in the molecules are broken, and they are divided into individual fragments, which exhibit high chemical activity due to the ongoing energy exposure.

The carbon and oxygen ions formed during this type of process combine with these fragments forming near them, creating structures that were previously absent in this region from aluminosilicates and crystalline silicon.

Since 4 and newly formed components obtained from a suspension of particles have a higher density, under the influence of gravitational forces they settle to the bottom of the vessel 3. Small “nuclei” of the above compounds that have fallen into its bottom region overgrow a “fur coat” from those simultaneously captured from surrounding them suspension layers and the constituent particles.

In this case, this thickness itself is formed which is deposited in the lower part of the cavity of the tank 3 of solid sediment.

Through the layers of the latter and pass the stream of compressed air supplied through the holes 7 of the pipe 6.

Since their supply is carried out under a slight overpressure, the components that constitute this bottom sediment located in the zone of their influence begin to oscillate, then rise up and down again. Those. at the bottom of the tank 3, a so-called "fluidized bed" is formed.

Since all the above chemical processes in its constituent compounds continue to proceed in the same order, the “carbon” and “oxygen” ions “washing” them from all sides and obtained from gas molecules have an intense effect on all elements involved in such synthesis .

The growth of the previously obtained “nuclei” from aluminosilicates and crystalline silicon will also be facilitated by the participation of raw materials suspended from the upper layers of particles of aluminum suspended from the upper layers of particles of aluminum and silicon, which turn into aluminum and silicon ions in accordance with the previously discussed scheme.

Thus, the “small nuclei” that were previously accumulated in the thickness of the bottom sediment, consisting of aluminosilicates and crystalline silicon, grow into larger granules of the final product that are clearly visible to the naked eye 5.

Ultimately, in the last stages of the process, as many as four “varieties” accumulate in this area of the indicated type of granules.

The first of these is granules containing aluminosilicates. This variety can be considered the most numerous (up to 35%).

The second type is larger granules of crystalline silicon, the amount of impurities in which reaches 3.5%.

The third type is smaller granules of the same material, but with a lower content of possible impurities of other elements - 0.8%.

The latter type, obtained in the form of spongy pieces of bulky slag from 25 to 40 mm in size, consists of impurities (Ca; Mg; Fe; S) contained in the feedstock.

The principle of the formation of lumpy waste is no different from the principle used to obtain the necessary final products (aluminosilicates, silicon).

New gas microvolumes (O ₂ , CO ₂ , SO ₃ , H ₂ S, H ₂ O) formed during the synthesis reactions of all these compounds are removed from the inner cavity of the tank 3 to the outside.

From there, the removal of excess volumes of compressed air supplied there is also carried out. The role of the outlet calibration channels in that and in the other case is played by slot-like gaps formed at the time of installation of the cover 8 on the walls of the tank 3, the size of which is - 0.0003-0.0007 mm;

To obtain them in the above range of values of the surface of this mating pair pass through the operation of mutual grinding (not shown).

Those. the size of the latter is large enough to carry out the release of the corresponding gas volumes, but at the same time it does not allow small particles of raw material loaded into the container 3 to pass outside (the dimensions of the latter exceed the dimensions of such channels - are in the range of 0.001-0.008 mm)

This same function can, if necessary, be performed by a filter having a fibrous packing (not shown in the drawing).

In this embodiment, the filter must be passed through through one of the walls of the container, and the internal cavity of its open from both cones of the housing must be filled with a packing of material fibers, the gaps between which are within the stated limits - (0.0003-0.0007 mm )

The cover 8 must have in this case a seal, which provides a tight seal of the internal volume of the tank 3 from its environment (not shown in the drawing).

In the proposed case, the simplest of the possible options for constructive filling of the device was used (see figure 1).

The processing using the proposed device (see figure 1) continues until the suspension placed in the internal cavity of the tank 3 becomes completely transparent. Those. up to that point in time until all particles 4 entering the raw material mass are processed into final products.

The capture of waste gaseous products arising during the processing of the feedstock can be carried out, if necessary, using widespread industrial methods used for disposal of the latter (disposal systems are not shown in the drawing).

At the end of the processing process (i.e., after 12-17 minutes), the winding coils 2 are disconnected from the external power source, and the pipe 6 deviate from the external supply line of compressed air (not shown).

Capacity 3 with a set of finished end products is removed from the installation groove "B" of the generator. The insulating lid 8 is removed from it, and the final processed products are poured out of it into the technological packaging used for their packaging (not shown in the drawing).

Since all these four types of granules 5 obtained by processing differ sharply in their overall dimensions, their separation is carried out by passing this obtained product through a set of appropriate calibration screens.

Upon completion of this kind of process, calibrated granules of these compounds can be sent for subsequent technological production operations, in which they are used for their intended purpose.

After completion of all the above transitions, the device freed from the final products of processing again becomes suitable for the subsequent cycle of obtaining with its help the following portions of aluminosilicates and crystalline silicon.

The external power source used to supply energy includes an additional control unit (not shown in the drawing).

Using the latter, the parameters of the alternating current generator (current strength; voltage; frequency) supplied to the coil windings are adjusted, and, therefore, the technological parameters of the magnetic field indicated in the synthesis zone of the indicated final products are not shown in the drawing.

Given all of the above, we can conclude that the application of the proposed method for producing aluminosilicates and silicon, as well as the device intended for its implementation, can significantly reduce the material costs required to obtain these final products.

Such a decrease in the magnitude of the latter is ensured primarily by the fact that their development is carried out using widespread, occurring shallow and ubiquitous raw sources - natural accumulations of lenses from sand, loam and sandy loam.

The cheap source material used does not require additional preparatory operations related to its purification or enrichment before starting it in production.

In addition, when using the proposed method and device, the processing of the feedstock is carried out at room temperature and in the pressure range only slightly different from atmospheric.

The implementation of the proposed method also does not require involvement in the processing process of any additional auxiliary equipment serving the equipment used in it.

Obtained using the proposed method, the final products of processing are distinguished by sufficiently high quality characteristics and can be used to meet the needs of existing industrial production without additional operations for their final refinement.

Formed during the processing of the proposed method, indicators relating to the yield of final products from the used feedstock are quite high and reach a total of up to 45%.

The manufacture of the device used in the implementation of the proposed process is not associated with the need to attract significant capital costs and does not require the use of long periods of time for the preparation of production.

The proposed device is characterized by simplicity of design, and as a result, it has high operational reliability.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing aluminosilicates and silicon from an air suspension of sand particles, comprising placing the feedstock in an internal cavity of a container isolated from its environment, and exposing it to a physical field generated to convert it into a final product, which is carried out directly in the zone of its influence, while the object for the latter is an air suspension of sand particles containing aluminum and silicon oxides with sizes of 1-8 μm, and the total volume of these particles relative to the whole the volume of the cavity, which is filled with them, is 20-40%, but as the physical field uses alternating rotating magnetic whose intensity, measured in the treatment zone is 2.5 × 10 ³ -1 × 10 ⁶ A / m and frequency 40 -70 Hz, and the tank itself with the processed raw materials loaded into it serves as the closing connecting link for the flow generated in the magnetic system used and created in it, and during processing, the jets of compressed sediment are produced in the thickness of the bottom sediment obtained during its implementation air under excess pressure equal to 0.1-0.6 kgf / cm ² and the time period during which such a conversion of the starting raw material into final products is performed is 12-17 minutes. 2. A device for implementing the method for producing aluminosilicates and silicon from an air suspension of sand particles according to claim 1, comprising a container for accommodating the processed raw material in it, as well as working elements that ensure the formation of a physical field acting on its constituent particles, which are connected to an external source of electric power, characterized in that these working elements are made in the form of plates of magnetically conductive material joined together, forming during their mon even a closed rectangular circuit, and in the body of the individual parts making up this circuit, three winding coils are placed, each of which is connected to the corresponding phase of an external three-phase electric power supply, and in one of these elements included in the circuit there is a through groove, the dimensions of which provide placement a container containing an air suspension in it, and its upper part has a lid installed at the end of the latter, isolating the internal volume of the container from its direct connection with the external container medium, and at its bottom there is a nozzle plugged from the end part, in the walls of which perforations are made, which allow the outflow of compressed air supplied through them to the bottom layers of the processed raw material, and the internal cavity of this pipe communicates with the external supplying volumes of the latter under excess pressure line.

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