RU2467784C2 - Separator of unstable water-petroleum and water-oil emulsions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to separation of unstable water-oil emulsions and may be used in oil and water treatment in oil industry. Proposed separator is furnished with vertical partitions to divide filtration chamber into sections. First partition has horizontal overflow channel located nearby tank center. Edges of second partition are located at some distance from tank top and bottom to make two overflow channels, one for oil products and another one for water.

EFFECT: higher intensity of gravity separation.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for separating unstable water-oil, oil-water emulsions into oil, oil and water and can be used in the oil refining and petrochemical industries, where washing, storm and technological contaminants are formed with the formation of emulsions containing oil products, water, dissolved gas and mechanical impurities.

The proposed installation can be used for separation and filtration of emulsions with a very low content of one of the components (less than 0.1%), provided that the container is filled with this emulsion in the amount of 3/4 of the volume of the separation tank.

The purpose of the invention: increasing the intensity of gravitational cold separation, hydrophobic separation of oil-containing emulsions without first entering through a centrifugal separator, without the use of filter media, coalescents, demulsifiers, etc., as well as increasing the intensity of separation and filtration of emulsions by creating conditions for the occurrence of electrohydrodynamic flow and filtration (EHD).

According to the laws of hydraulics, a necessary condition for the occurrence of an EHD flow and EHD filtering is a normal or living cross-section of the flow-stream in a given place in space by a surface normal to all velocity vectors of the particles of the stream in this place. Only under this condition, moving particles of the flow with a certain velocity Vcp acquire a velocity impulse (grad V) directed perpendicular to the flow velocity vector.

The invention can find application in various fields of environmental protection for cleaning water pollution, cleaning barns and eliminating oil spills.

The cleaned oil-water emulsion is introduced from above into the first section of the filtration tank by a feed pump directly from the barn sump or oil trap at a speed of V1 = 0.1-0.5 m / g.

Velocity flow rate. Under the influence of gravitational forces, the emulsion rushes down, and the heavy components of the suspended particles settle to the bottom and are subsequently removed through the treatment pipe 14 (Fig. 1).

The turbulence of the flow is quenched, and the emulsion rushes into the horizontal transfer channel located in the center of the first partition. The flow in the horizontal transfer channel of the first partition acquires a certain speed V2.

In the second section, which has a baffle with upper and lower transfer channels, the emulsion enriched with positively charged ions of oil products, under the action of electrostatic forces enhanced by molecular attraction forces, is sent to the upper transfer channel, passing through a layer of oil products, rejecting water, attracting oil products ( hydrophobic, hydrophilic properties of liquids). The emulsion, enriched with negatively charged water ions, rushes down under the influence of gravitational, flow and electrostatic forces, passing through a layer of water, attracting water and rejecting oil products.

In the third section of the filtration tank, the partially separated emulsion, under the action of flow forces, is directed towards each other until the horizontal slot of the transfer channel, and the separation and filtering process is repeated. In the sixth and seventh sections, the already separated liquid moves into the eighth section and exits through the water pipe for recycled water supply or other needs; petroleum products - in the ninth section and is selected through the oil pipe for further processing. To collect the gas dissolved in the emulsion, the oil-water emulsion filtration device is equipped with breathing tubes connected to the gas line.

The closest to the problem to be solved and the means used to the proposed one is the method of separation of unstable emulsions and a device for its implementation (patent RU 2053008 C1).

The purpose of the invention: increasing the efficiency of separation and filtration of oil-water water-oil emulsions, regardless of the percentage of components in the initial mixture and simplifying its use. This is achieved in the proposed method due to the fact that the flow is fed by a feed pump or by gravity from the top of the first section of the installation (spout), due to which turbulence disappears and the flow passes through the horizontal transfer channel in laminar mode, i.e. the conditions necessary for the occurrence of EHD filtering are created, and the throughput of the horizontal transfer channel is not less than two times the throughput of the inlet pipe, i.e. the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe is half the size of the horizontal overflow channel.

S ol = 2Sin,

where S CR - the throughput of the horizontal transfer channel;

S I - the capacity of the inlet pipe.

The proposed method provides multiple movement of the filtered fluid from each other and towards each other. This allows you to more fully use all the physical properties of it.

According to the invention, the task in the proposed installation is solved due to the fact that it is equipped with vertical partitions dividing the filter tank 19 into sections, the first of which is separated from the previous partition with a horizontal transfer channel located slightly above the center of the tank. The second section is separated from the subsequent partition, the edges of which are located at some distance from the upper edge and the bottom of the tank, forming two transfer channels, the upper one for oil products, the lower one for water. The subsequent 3, 4, 5, 6 partitions are identical to 1 and 2 partitions. Partitions 7 and 8 are made in the form of an overturned glass with a breathing tube, designed to collect and drain water into the pipeline 19. The 9th section of the filter tank is designed to collect oil or oil products for further processing through the pipe 17. Figure 1 shows an installation for separation and filtration of unstable oil-water, oil-water emulsions. The installation is a cylindrical or rectangular container, divided by vertical partitions 1-9 into sections.

The first section is equipped with an inlet pipe 20 and a treatment pipe 14, separated from the subsequent partitions with a horizontal transfer channel and with linear dimensions that satisfy the condition:

S ol = 2Sin,

where S CR - the area of the transfer channel;

     S I - the area of the conditional passage of the inlet pipe.

The second section is separated from the subsequent section by a partition, the edges of which are located at a distance from the upper edge of the tank and its bottom, forming the upper and lower transfer channels. Subsequent sections 3, 5 are identical to section 1, and sections 4, 6, 7 are identical to section 2.

Section 8 is an inverted cup with one downflow channel at the bottom and a breathing tube at the top, which is connected to the gas line and the water extraction pipe 16. Section 7 is equipped with a viewing window 13 for monitoring the hydrodynamic level 12.

Section 9 is a tank insulated from below with a pipeline for oil extraction 17 and a pipeline for gas extraction 18.

Sections 1-9 are equipped with treatment pipes 14 to remove suspended solids of mechanical impurities, as well as a discharge line 15.

The distance between the partitions, as well as the diameters of the conditional passage of pipelines, depend on the capacity of the installation, which ranges from 0.1 to 300 m ³ / h.

The proposed installation for the separation and filtration of unstable water-oil, oil-water emulsions works continuously, since it does not need filtering and coalescing loads and is not subject to the effect of "flooding".

Claims (5)

1. Installation for the separation of unstable oil-water, oil-water emulsions, including a filtration tank with nozzles for entering the emulsion and output of the cleaning phases, nozzles for removing solid sediments, a discharge line, a breathing tube, a gas line and equipped with vertical partitions, the first of which has a transfer channel in the middle part, the second has transfer channels in the upper and lower parts of the partition, characterized in that when the emulsion moves in the middle-located transfer channel section, I am the condition for the appearance of a velocity impulse (grad V), which is always directed perpendicular to the particle velocity vector of the main stream. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the design of the installation allows you to change the movement of the emulsion flow towards each other and in the opposite direction several times. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that when the emulsion moves in a mid-flow transfer channel, an electrohydrodynamic filtering effect occurs. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that before entering the emulsion flow, the installation is pre-filled to на of the volume with the original emulsion. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the section for collecting water is made in the form of an overturned glass with a transfer channel from the side of the movement of water with a breathing tube.

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