RU2460949C1 - Heat and cold supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: heat and cold supply system containing fluid tank with transparent enclosure, which is filled with low-boiling heat carrier and steam mixture, also includes absorption chamber, low-temperature heat exchanger and valves for mode regulation.

EFFECT: improving the use of system for support of comfortable conditions in rooms and during cold and hot periods.

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Description

The invention relates to solar engineering and can be used in solar heat and cooling systems.

A known system of centralized heat supply [1], consisting of an ejector, an evaporator and a condenser connected by a steam line, a steam generator, auxiliary ejectors, a gas separator tank. In addition, the system includes a water heater of the heat supply system, a heat supply network pump and a supply pipe. The consumers of heat of the hot water supply and heating system with a reverse circulation pipe are connected to this pipeline. The system also includes a water supply inlet, a cooling network pump, a cold consumer, a refrigeration pipe, an urban heating supply pipeline, and an urban heating return pipe.

The disadvantage of this system is its complexity with the inclusion of pumps and ejectors, the low efficiency of lowering the temperature of vaporization due to ejection, the lack of the use of renewable energy sources.

Known solar heating system [2], containing an evaporator made of tubes of small cross-section as a two-phase thermosiphon, a liquid separator, an osmotic membrane unit, a steam condenser and a liquid (solution) cooler.

The membrane block is divided by a semipermeable partition (membrane) into the cavity of the solution and the cavity of the condenser. The cavity of the solution is connected by a line of a liquid cooler to a liquid separator, and a condenser by a wire to the lower part of the evaporator. The condensate cavity is connected to the top cover of the liquid separator. The evaporator, also associated with the top cover of the liquid separator, is located at some angle on the cover of the heated room. The evaporator is arranged in space so that its outlet part connected with the liquid separator is higher than the inlet part connected with the solution cavity.

The disadvantage of this solar system is the lack of cold supply facilities and low pump efficiency in the form of an osmotic membrane unit.

A known design of an energy-saving building with a heat and cold supply system [3], consisting of a mirror cellular concentrator, light-transmitting coating, a corrugated zigzag film and a heat collector located in the basement of the building. The mirror concentrator and light-transmitting coatings are separated at some distance from the reinforced concrete, blackened, glass-covered basement and form an air channel that is connected to the air channels in the floor, the air channels on the north side of the base and the underground space, forming a recirculation loop of radiant floor heating with gravity and forced circulation. The surfaces of the south side of the basement and the floors on the underground side are covered with a layer of thermal insulation. At the base of the heat collector in the underground, an understudy is connected to the recirculation circuit in the form of a heater with a fan. In the summer, non-heating period, the insulating panel is closed, the windows are curtained with white cloth, the valves are open and the cool underground air cools the floor.

The disadvantage of this design is the presence of a large number of channels in the walls and floors, which increases the cost of construction, and low efficiency due to the use of air as a heat and coolant.

The closest in technical essence is a solar system [4], containing a liquid tank with a transparent guard, filled with a low-boiling coolant, and a steam tank with a heat-insulating lid and a heat exchanger. Both tanks are connected by a pipe and an overflow pipe for the movement of steam and condensed liquid. In the liquid tank, which has a reflector cap, there is a container with phase-transition heat-accumulating material. The liquid and steam tanks are coated on the outside with a heat-insulating material to reduce heat loss. The heat exchanger with the supply and return pipelines is connected by a three-way valve to the heat exchangers (space heating batteries) and the storage tank, and forming a second closed circuit with the same coolant.

The disadvantage of this system is that it can only be used for heat supply.

The objective of the invention is to expand the scope of use of the system not only for heat supply to buildings, but also for cold supply.

EFFECT: increasing the role of using the system to maintain comfortable conditions in the premises both in cold and hot periods of time.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the heat and cooling system, comprising a liquid container with a transparent enclosure filled with a low-boiling coolant, and a steam tank with a heat-insulating lid and a heat exchanger, further comprises an absorption chamber, a low-temperature heat exchanger and valves for regulating the mode.

The figure 1 presents a schematic diagram of a heat and cold supply system.

The heat and cooling supply system contains a liquid tank 1 with a transparent guard 2, filled with a low-boiling coolant 3, and a steam tank 4 with a heat-insulating cover 5 and a heat exchanger 6. Both tanks are connected by a pipe 7 and an overflow pipe 8 for the movement of steam and condensed liquid. In the liquid tank, which has a reflector cap 9, there is a container 10 with phase-transition heat-accumulating material. The liquid and steam tanks are coated on the outside with a heat-insulating material to reduce heat loss (shown in the diagram by hatching). The system also includes pipes of the outlet 11 and supply 12 of the coolant to the heat exchanger 6, in the lower part of the connecting pipe 7, the outlet 13 and the tube 14, the absorption chamber 15, the evaporation part 16 and valves 17 and 18.

The heating and cooling system works as follows.

Solar radiation passing through a transparent fence 2, heats the coolant 3 in the liquid tank 1 of the solar collector. In this case, the coolant boils in the tank 1 and the pipe 7. The resulting steam moves up the pipe and through a narrow slot, as shown by the arrows, passes into the steam tank 4, where the coolant condenses due to heat exchange with the secondary coolant in the heat exchanger 6, and overflow the tube 8 returns to the evaporative liquid tank 1. In this case, the valve 18 is open, and the valve 17 is closed and the system operates in heat supply mode. The cover-reflector 9 in the open state serves as a screen for amplification and concentration of sunlight, and in the absence of solar radiation it is closed to reduce heat loss.

Since there is a container in the liquid zone with phase-transition heat-accumulating material 10, for example paraffin, it turns the primary coolant 3 into steam in the absence of solar radiation due to the accumulated energy.

Through pipes 11, the coolant is supplied to heat the premises. The heat carrier 6 is supplied to the heat exchanger through pipes 12, after cooling the connecting part with the second capacity of the connecting pipe 7. From the lower part of the connecting pipe 7, a highly concentrated solution is discharged through the outlet 13 and the pipe 14 into the absorption chamber 15. Then the vapors are absorbed in the absorption chamber 15 by condensed water in the connecting pipe 7 and falling on the branch 13 and the tube 14.

When the system is operating in the cold supply mode, the valve 18 is closed, and the valve 17 is open and the low-boiling liquid through the valve 17 enters the evaporation part 16, where it absorbs thermal energy from the environment of the room and serves for cold supply.

Heat carriers can be low-boiling liquids, for example water-ammonia solution, Freon-113, etc.

The advantages of the proposed heat and cold supply system are: improvement of the natural circulation of the primary coolant by using the principle of a heat pipe and an overflow pipe instead of wicks; ensuring sufficiently complete absorption of sunlight through the use of a reflector cap; increase in heat storage capacity due to the use of phase transition heat storage material in a liquid tank; reduction of heat losses due to thermal insulation of the tanks of the primary circuit; increasing the use of renewable energy sources.

The proposed heat and cold supply system has all the advantages of a prototype, in addition, it has the advantage of being able to use it for both heat and cold supply of buildings (air conditioning).

Literature

1. V.M. Ivanov, B.S. Tikhonov, I.F. Usenko. "The system of centralized heat and cold supply", copyright certificate No. 217405, bull. No.16, 05/07/1968

2. A.S. Titlov. "Solar heating system", copyright certificate No. SU 1793172 A1, F24J 2/42, bull. No. 5, 02/07/93

3. V.N.Nikoaevsky, T.Yu. Kuzmenko. “Design of an energy-efficient building with a heat and cold supply system”, copyright certificate No. SU 1818508 A1, F24J 2/42, bul. No. 20, 05/30/93.

4. BD Babaev "Heliosystem", patent for invention No. 2312276.

Claims (1)

A heat and cooling supply system comprising a liquid container with a transparent guard filled with a low boiling coolant and a steam container with a heat-insulating lid and a heat exchanger, characterized in that the heat and cooling system further comprises an absorption chamber, a low temperature heat exchanger and valves for adjusting the mode.

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