RU2458974C1 - Method of producing fuel briquettes from low-grade fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method involves thermal treatment of low-grade fuel at temperature 200-500°C. A pyrolysis product is obtained - low-temperature pyrolysis resin and a carbon residue. The carbon residue is crushed and mixed with low-temperature pyrolysis resin in equal parts. Briquettes are moulded from the obtained mixture. The briquettes are dried at temperature not higher than 200°C. The obtained fuel briquettes are left to solidify at room temperature for one day.

EFFECT: minimising processing equipment used.

1 cl, 5 ex, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing fuel briquettes from low-grade fuel (peat, sapropel, brown coal, wood, etc.) and can be used in small energy and for domestic purposes in the production of fuel for combustion.

A known method of briquetting coal (RF patent No. 2268290, IPC C10L 5/10, C10L 9/08, publ. 20.01.2006), mainly brown, in regions remote from the consumer. The method includes grinding coal, heat treatment, mixing with a binder and pressing. In this case, coal is mixed with a binder during the pyrolysis of coal fines, and "chocolate" -shaped plates are pressed between the polymer films.

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity, due to the need to use a rotary tube furnace and a device for feeding into it a binder serial equipment of an asphalt concrete plant (ABZ). In the known method, only coal is actually used as feedstock, which significantly reduces the raw material base. Also in the known method uses a hydraulic press, a binder (tar, bitumen) and polymer slabs, which leads to a rise in the cost of technology.

A known method of producing briquette fuel by mixing carbon-containing raw materials and part of the high-temperature semi-coking resin, remaining after distillation of fractions boiling up to 300 ° C, followed by pressing and thermosetting of briquettes at a temperature of 220-280 ° C ("Coke and iron coke based on briquetting". E .M. Taits, B.M. Ravich, I.A. Andreeva. M .: Publishing House Metallurgy, 1965, pp. 19-24).

The disadvantage of this method is that in fact only the pitch portion of the resin is used, remaining after distillation of fractions boiling to 300 ° C. Since in the known method only part of the high-temperature semi-coking resin is used, the resources of the binder are reduced. The use of high-temperature semi-coking requires the use of expensive alloy steels.

The closest adopted for the prototype is a method of manufacturing briquette fuel, comprising mixing carbon-containing raw materials with a binder, compressing the mixture and then curing the briquettes in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of 150-300 ° C, and as a binder use a low-temperature semi-coking resin obtained at temperatures up to 650 ° C (RF patent No. 2375414, IPC C10L 5/14, publ. 10.12.2009).

The disadvantages of this method are the dependence on third-party resin manufacturers of low-temperature semi-coking, as well as high costs for the implementation of the process associated with the use of press equipment.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of the process.

The problem is solved as follows. As a binder, a low-temperature pyrolysis resin is used. The initial low-grade fuel is thermally treated at a temperature of 200-500 ° C, as a result of which pyrolysis products are obtained - a carbon residue, a low-temperature pyrolysis resin, tar resin and fuel gas. The carbon residue is crushed and, together with a low-temperature pyrolysis resin, mixed in equal parts, a briquette is formed from the resulting mixture, dried at a temperature not exceeding 200 ° C, and then left to harden at room temperature for a day.

The upper limit of the temperature of the heat treatment is selected from the consideration of using reactors in the technological process for heating low-grade fuels from cheap carbon steels capable of operating at temperatures up to 500 ° C.

To prevent the release of low-temperature pyrolysis resin from briquettes and reduce their strength, drying is carried out at temperatures below 200 ° C.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a plant for producing fuel briquettes.

The installation consists of a reactor 1 placed in a furnace 2. A thermocouple 3 is installed in the reactor to control the temperature of the process of heat treatment of low-grade fuel. Using a heat-resistant hose 4, the reactor is connected to the refrigerator 5. A condensate collector 6 is located at the outlet of the refrigerator.

The installation is as follows.

Low-grade fuel is placed in reactor 1, where it is heated to 200-500 ° С without oxygen access using a furnace 2, the temperature of the heat treatment process is controlled by thermocouple 3. Volatile pyrolysis products (low-temperature pyrolysis resin, tar water, and fuel gas) obtained at heating of low-grade fuel, they exit through a heat-resistant hose 4, the carbon residue remains in the reactor 1. In the refrigerator 5, the low-temperature pyrolysis resin and ground resin water condense and enter the condensate collector 6.

The claimed invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1

In the reactor 1, placed in the furnace 2, load low-grade fuel - peat (calorific value 2.65 MJ / kg), where it is heated to a temperature of 400 ° C. The temperature control of the process of thermal processing of low-grade fuel in the reactor is carried out using thermocouple 3. As a result of heating, pyrolysis products are obtained - carbon residue, low-temperature pyrolysis resin, tar resin and fuel gas. The pyrolysis products (low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin) are condensed in a refrigerator 5 and collected in a condensate collector 6. The condensed mixture is separated by filtration into a low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin. The carbon residue is ground to particles no larger than 1 mm in size. The ground carbon residue and the low temperature pyrolysis resin are mixed in equal parts. Briquette raw material is formed from the resulting mixture, it is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 105-110 ° C until a constant mass of briquette raw material is reached. After drying, the briquette raw becomes a fuel briquette. The fuel briquette is left to harden for a day at room temperature. The resulting briquette has a calorific value of 19.7 MJ / kg.

Example 2

In the reactor 1, placed in the furnace 2, load low-grade fuel - peat (calorific value 2.65 MJ / kg), where it is heated to a temperature of 400 ° C. The temperature control of the process of thermal processing of low-grade fuel in the reactor is carried out using thermocouple 3. As a result of heating, pyrolysis products are obtained - carbon residue, low-temperature pyrolysis resin, tar resin and fuel gas. The pyrolysis products (low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin) are condensed in a refrigerator 5 and collected in a condensate collector 6. The condensed mixture is separated by filtration into a low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin. The carbon residue is ground to particles no larger than 1 mm in size. The ground carbon residue and the low temperature pyrolysis resin are mixed in a percentage ratio: 60:40. Raw briquette is not formed from the resulting mixture, since there is not enough binder to take the form - the briquette crumbles during molding.

Example 3

In the reactor 1, placed in the furnace 2, load low-grade fuel - peat (calorific value 2.65 MJ / kg), where it is heated to a temperature of 400 ° C. The temperature control of the process of thermal processing of low-grade fuel in the reactor is carried out using thermocouple 3. As a result of heating, pyrolysis products are obtained - carbon residue, low-temperature pyrolysis resin, tar resin and fuel gas. The pyrolysis products (low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin) are condensed in a refrigerator 5 and collected in a condensate collector 6. The condensed mixture is separated by filtration into a low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin. The carbon residue is ground to particles no larger than 1 mm in size. The ground carbon residue and the low temperature pyrolysis resin are mixed in a percentage ratio of 40:60. Raw briquette is not formed from the resulting mixture, since the resulting mixture is too liquid.

Example 4

In reactor 1, placed in furnace 2, low-grade fuel is loaded - brown coal (calorific value 8.4 MJ / kg), where it is heated to a temperature of 350 ° C. The temperature control of the process of thermal processing of low-grade fuel in the reactor is carried out using thermocouple 3. As a result of heating, pyrolysis products are obtained - carbon residue, low-temperature pyrolysis resin, tar resin and fuel gas. The pyrolysis products (low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin) are condensed in a refrigerator 5 and collected in a condensate collector 6. The condensed mixture is separated by filtration into a low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin. The carbon residue is ground to particles no larger than 1 mm in size. The ground carbon residue and the low temperature pyrolysis resin are mixed in equal parts. Briquette raw material is formed from the resulting mixture, it is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 105-110 ° C until a constant mass of briquette raw material is reached. After drying, the briquette raw becomes a fuel briquette. The fuel briquette is left to harden for a day at room temperature. The resulting briquette has a calorific value of 15.98 MJ / kg.

Example 5

In the reactor 1, placed in the furnace 2, load low-grade fuel - lake sapropel (calorific value of 4.57 MJ / kg), where it is heated to a temperature of 450 ° C. The temperature control of the process of thermal processing of low-grade fuel in the reactor is carried out using thermocouple 3. As a result of heating, pyrolysis products are obtained - carbon residue, low-temperature pyrolysis resin, tar resin and fuel gas. The pyrolysis products (low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin) are condensed in a refrigerator 5 and collected in a condensate collector 6. The condensed mixture is separated by filtration into a low-temperature pyrolysis resin and tar resin. The carbon residue is ground to particles no larger than 1 mm in size. The ground carbon residue and the low temperature pyrolysis resin are mixed in equal parts. Briquette raw material is formed from the resulting mixture, it is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 105-110 ° C until a constant mass of briquette raw material is reached. After drying, the briquette raw becomes a fuel briquette. The fuel briquette is left to harden for a day at room temperature. The resulting briquette has a calorific value of 17.5 MJ / kg.

The technical result of reducing the cost of the process is achieved through the use of a reactor for the pyrolysis of low-grade fuel from cheap carbon steels, minimizing the range of used technological equipment. It is possible to use fuel gas resulting from the pyrolysis of low-grade fuel as fuel to support the heat treatment process, thereby reducing the cost of producing fuel briquettes.

Claims (1)

A method of producing fuel briquettes from low-grade fuel, comprising low-temperature pyrolysis as a binder resin, followed by curing of the briquettes, characterized in that the low-grade fuel is thermally treated at a temperature of 200-500 ° C, resulting in pyrolysis products, a low-temperature pyrolysis resin and a carbon residue which is crushed, mixed with equal parts low-temperature pyrolysis resin, briquette is formed from the resulting mixture, which is dried at a temperature not exceeding 200 ° C, then leave to harden for a day at room temperature.

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