RU2456400C1 - Truck box body - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: front side inclined backward at definite angle moves along box body bottom. Note here that bottom and sides may be warned by truck ICE off gases. It is provided with screen for sieving material loaded from top of the box body sagged inside the body and provided with drive made up of hydraulic cylinders to swing it sideways to allow loading lumpy and standard-size cargoes. Driven conveyor is arranged across box body, along its rear inner side. To work as dump-body, rear side may be opened by either hydraulic cylinders mounted on both sides of rear side. Note here that spreading mechanism is mounted outside on rear side bottom to displace therewith. Driven conveyor may be made up of worm with counter-coiled flights intended for feeding loose material toward rear side center, on disk-like spreading device chute. Rear side drive may be made up of double-action hydraulic cylinder with one-end telescopic rod articulated to main frame front girder, right behind driver cabin and to front side bearing girder. Said drive is mounted between driver cabin and box body front side. Front side is normally equipped with extra external structural frame. Rear side houses driven screw arranged there inside and is made up of box structure.

EFFECT: simplified design, lower costs.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the road economy and road cars when performing work on the spreading of anti-icing bulk materials (sand, granite chips, anti-icing reagent), as well as for the transportation of various construction materials and goods (sand, gravel, asphalt, bulk cargo).

State of the art

The present invention is the result of further improvement of the previous invention of the author S. Karpeev, and the closest in design and functionality analogue (prototype) is presented in the description of the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 229649 (IPC E01H 10/00, E01C 19/20, publ. 10.04 .2005). In the prototype, the hopper body is mounted on the chassis of the base truck, with two side and front sides, as well as a rear hinged side with locks to secure it from possible spontaneous folding, the side sides are movable from the drive mechanism, there is also a drive conveyor that feeds material into spreader mode to the rear drive spreader with the ability to occupy a position that does not impede the use of the hopper body in the dump truck mode.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the complexity and high cost of the design of the movable side walls, narrower functionality in the range of road materials (bulk materials only) and the limited effective (useful) load capacity of a car with such a bunker body.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical task of the invention is to significantly simplify, reduce the cost of the construction of the body-hopper and improve its technical characteristics, primarily functionality in the range of road materials and effective (useful) load capacity.

To solve the problem, the hopper body is installed on the chassis of the base truck, with two side sides and a front side movable from the drive mechanism, as well as with a rear hinged side with locks to fix it from possible spontaneous folding. There is also a drive conveyor that feeds material in spreader mode to the rear drive spreader with the ability to occupy a position that does not prevent the use of a hopper body in dump truck mode. The proposed device differs in that the front side, inclined backward at a certain angle, is movable along the bottom of the hopper body. Moreover, the bottom and side sides are made with the possibility of their heating by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine of the car. There is also a grid for sifting the loaded material on top of the hopper body, which has a deflection inside the hopper body and is also equipped with drive devices, mainly hydraulic cylinders, which allow it to be tilted to the side to ensure loading of bulk materials and bulk cargo into the hopper body directly without sifting. The drive conveyor is located across the hopper body along the tailgate on its inside, and for the dump truck mode, the tailgate can be fully opened by means of drive devices, mainly hydraulic cylinders, installed on both sides of the tailgate, while the spreader is mounted outside on the tailgate from below to move with him.

The drive conveyor can be made in the form of a screw with the opposite direction of winding the screw turns in its two halves for feeding bulk material to the center of the tailgate in the tray to a disc-shaped spreading device, with the possibility of controlling the amount of material supplied to the spreader by changing the speed of the screw from a hydraulic motor mounted on the side wall of the rear side, and its protective casing is installed on top of the screw.

The drive mechanism for moving the front side can be made in the form of a double-acting power cylinder with a one-sided telescopic rod, fixed by a swivel end of the cylinder on a fixed front beam of the base chassis immediately behind the driver's cab, and by a swivel end of the rod on the front side power beam, and located in the space between the driver's cab and the front side of the hopper body. The hydraulic cylinder of the front side drive is a telescopic double action, that is, it extends and retracts due to the action of the hydraulic system, and not due to the weight of the body, as in conventional dump trucks.

The front side can be equipped with spring-loaded sealing elements made of wear-resistant material, and guide plates of wear-resistant material are installed along the entire length of the bottom of the hopper body, and guide inserts can be installed on the lower part of the front side with the possibility of their movement along the guide plates. Spring-loaded sealing elements can be made, for example, of polyurethane, guide plates along the underbody — for example, carbide steel, guide inserts (“skis”) on the bottom of the front side — for example, cast iron.

The front side, taking into account its inclination, is usually reinforced with an additional external power frame, and the rear side, taking into account the installation of a screw with a drive mechanism inside it, is usually made in the form of a box-shaped structure.

The main advantage of the proposed design solution is the more efficient use of the usable volume of the hopper body and the carrying capacity of the vehicle, while significantly reducing the number of prototypes of the prototype body hopper that are difficult to manufacture and maintain.

In this design, the construction of the hopper body with the distribution mechanism was primarily affected. In contrast to the prototype, it is proposed to significantly simplify the design by changing the combination of movable sides, abandoning the movable side boards in favor of a movable front side with a tilt angle of at least 5 degrees.

The rejection of conveyor assemblies of the auger or belt longitudinally along the entire hopper body can significantly simplify the construction of the hopper body and, therefore, reduce metal consumption, production costs and increase useful load capacity.

The refusal to use the tipping body of a traditional dump truck also significantly reduces the metal consumption, since it allows you to abandon the intermediate subframe, traditionally installed in the construction of the dump truck between the frame and the car body. The refusal of the subframe will also allow lowering the center of gravity of the entire machine, which will positively affect its uniform weight distribution along the axles of the vehicle bridges and the load on the vehicle's suspension. Unloading in the dump truck mode occurs when the tailgate is open and the front side is moving with maximum speed and effort, due to which fast unloading of the hopper body in the dump truck mode will occur.

List of drawings

Figure 1 is a General side view of the body of the hopper on the chassis of the base truck;

Figure 2 - isometric view of the body of the hopper (with a conditionally removed side board) in spreader mode;

Figure 3 is a General side view of the body of the hopper (with a conditionally removed side board) and a tilted tailgate (with a conditionally removed tray and disk) in the dump truck mode.

The implementation of the invention

The bunker body is mounted on the chassis 1 of the base truck, with two side 2 and front 3 sides, as well as with a rear 4 hinged side with locks to fix it from possible spontaneous folding. One of the sides is movable from the drive mechanism, there is also a drive conveyor 5 that feeds material in the spreader mode to the rear drive spreader 6 with the possibility of it occupying a position that does not impede the use of the hopper body in the dump truck mode. The drive conveyor 5 is located along the tailgate 4 on its inner side, and for the dump truck mode, the tailgate 4 has the ability to fully open due to drive devices, mainly hydraulic cylinders 7, mounted on both sides of the tailgate. In this case, the spreading device 6 is mounted externally on the rear side 4 from the bottom for movement with it. Moving from the drive device 8 along the bottom 9 of the hopper body, the front side 3 is made, tilted at a certain angle to the rear (at least 5 degrees). The bottom 9 and side sides 2 are configured to heat the exhaust gases of the vehicle’s internal combustion engine. There is also a grid 10 for sifting the loaded material from above, which has a deflection inside the body of the hopper and is equipped with drive devices, mainly hydraulic cylinders 11, which allow it to be tilted to the side to ensure the loading of non-bulk materials and bulk cargo into the body of the hopper directly without sifting.

The drive conveyor 5 is made in the form of a screw with the opposite direction of winding the screw turns in its two halves for feeding bulk material to the center of the tailgate 4 in the tray 12 to the spreader 6 in the form of a disk, with the possibility of controlling the amount of material supplied to the spreader by changing the speed auger from a hydraulic motor mounted on the side wall of the rear side. On top of the screw, its protective casing 13 is mounted with the possibility of movement by the drive device, while the rear side 4 is made in the form of a volumetric box-shaped structure.

The drive unit 8 for moving the front side 3 is made in the form of a double-acting power cylinder with a one-sided telescopic rod, fixed by a swivel end of the cylinder on a fixed front beam 14 of the base chassis 1 immediately behind the cab 15 of the car driver, and by a swivel end of the rod on the power beam 16 of the front side 3, and is located in the space between the driver’s cabin 15 and the front side 3 of the hopper body. The front side 3 is hardened by an additional external power frame 17.

The principles of design and operation of the device are as follows.

The side walls in this device are fixed, they are made for one with the frame of the body-hopper and with the bottom, are fastened with welded seams and have supporting side racks for rigidity. The tailgate is suspended using articulated joints on the rear uprights of the hopper body. For fixing in a stationary vertical position, the tailgate is equipped with mechanical locking locks. The tailgate has the ability, if necessary, to open at an angle of at least 90 degrees, while moving into its fully open position. Opening the tailgate is carried out by hydraulic cylinders installed on both sides of the tailgate, since the hopper body does not tip over to quickly unload all the material, and to perform this function it is necessary that the tailgate is open completely and over the entire opening, while spreading the disc tilts along with the tailgate, as it is initially attached to the tailgate and should be tucked away in a position that does not interfere with the quick unloading of all material in the fast unloading mode of the truck, rather than gradually scattering material.

For reliable operation with any road materials in the cold season or to maintain asphalt temperature, the bottom and side sides of the hopper body are made with the possibility of heating the exhaust gases of the car’s internal combustion engine. Unloading asphalt into the paver in the proposed design will allow it to be produced in parts, that is, you can not unload all asphalt at once, but in separate portions. This is achieved by controlling the speed of the extension of the front side hydraulic cylinder rod by the driver. Not all asphalt is unloaded at once into the paver (mass, for example, up to 12 tons), but in parts of (10 ... 15)%, without subjecting the paver to jerking and shock when unloading asphalt.

The traditional anti-icing bulk material is poured into the inside of the hopper body from above through a mesh that limits the ingress of non-fractional material into the hopper body that can damage the machine components or assemblies. The mesh for sifting the feed material on top of the hopper body has a deflection inside the hopper body, and is also equipped with drive devices, mainly hydraulic cylinders, allowing it to be tilted to the side to ensure the loading of non-bulk materials into the hopper body directly without sifting through the mesh. This will allow loading the body of the machine's hopper not only with bulk materials, but also with bulk cargo, for example, using a crane.

Before loading material, all sides of the hopper body are in their extreme, initial positions, namely: the front side in the extreme position is as close as possible to the driver’s cab and the remaining sides in a vertical fixed position. The mesh on top of the hopper body for sifting the material is made with a deflection inside the hopper body (although the deflection angle is small), which minimizes the loading height to a height equal to the height of the sides of the hopper body, and in this deflection all pieces of non-fractional material will be delayed and collected. After filling in the required amount of material through the upper screening grid and starting the function of distributing this material to the road surface, the driver of the car, using the remote control installed inside the cab, sends a signal to the automatic control system of the vehicle’s hydraulic system, as a result of which the front side hydraulic cylinder rod gradually extends and starts to rotate conveyor auger and spreader disc. Since at one end (rod) it is fixed through a hinge on the frame of the hopper body, and at the other end also through a hinge - to the front movable side, translational movement towards the rear side is given by extending the rod to the front side. Thus, the front side will hit a pile of bulk material in the hopper body and begin to gradually shift it towards the rear side and its auger. To increase the rigidity and strength of the front side during power work with the material, the front side can be hardened by an additional external power frame.

The front side with the purpose of sealing the side gaps between the side walls and the side ends of the side is equipped with spring-loaded sealing elements made of wear-resistant material. These elements will also make it possible to further ensure the correct orientation (fixation) inside the hopper body, including when moving the bead along the entire hopper body. Also, to prevent jamming during the back and forth movement of the front side along the entire length of the floor of the hopper body, guide plates of wear-resistant material are installed, and guide inserts that move along the guide plates are installed on the lower part of the front side. Using a combination of such nodes will ensure reliable movement of the side along the entire body of the hopper and its correct orientation relative to the body of the hopper, which will prevent it from jamming when moving in different temperature and climatic conditions.

The bottom of the hopper body is made absolutely flat, without seams, to ensure the movement of the front side along the entire length of the hopper body. The drive conveyor in the form of a screw is located inside the tailgate (its end bearing bearings and the drive hydraulic motor are integrated in the tailgate). Using a screw, bulk material is fed through the tray to the spreading disc. A screw is located on the tailgate from its inner side, and its protective cover from the material loaded from above into the hopper body is located on the top of the screw; therefore, the tailgate is usually made in the form of a box-shaped structure. The screw is made with the direction of winding the coils towards in its two halves, so that during rotation the material is moved by the screw to the central tray above the disk. The rotational moment on the auger is created through the use of a hydraulic motor mounted on the side wall of the rear side. Due to the different direction of screw winding, the bulk material will flow from the entire width of the tailgate to the intermediate feed tray mounted in the center under the tailgate. Further, bulk material under its own weight will be poured onto a rotating spreading disc, which is a typical device for such machines.

For the dump truck mode, the tailgate can be fully opened due to the hydraulic cylinders installed on both sides of the tailgate, while the spreading disc must be removed in a position that does not interfere with the quick unloading of all material through the open tailgate opening, namely: the spreading disc is mounted externally on rear board from below to move with it.

When transporting asphalt, gravel or other materials that do not require further distribution and passing through the auger and the spreading disc to prevent clogging of the auger itself and the cavities under it, the tailgate is equipped with an upper protective cover that covers and protects the auger from possible impacts from above and falling into it foreign objects. The protective casing is installed inside the tailgate hopper on pivoting hinges and is a plate (flap) having two positions: vertical, pressed to the tailgate (the auger is open), and horizontal (almost flush with the bottom of the hopper) (the auger is closed). For this, the casing has a manual drive device.

The road machine itself, as in the prototype, can be additionally equipped with a typical front blade for clearing snow and a mechanical brush installed in the cross-axle base of the car (not shown).

Thus, the proposed combination of design improvements and changes to the device allows you to effectively solve the problem of multifunctionality of the body-bunker of a road lorry.

Claims (4)

1. The hopper body mounted on the chassis of the base truck, with two side and front sides, as well as with a rear hinged side with locks to fix it from possible spontaneous folding, one of the sides is movable from the drive mechanism, there is also a drive conveyor that feeds material in spreader mode to the rear drive spreader with the ability to occupy a position that does not impede the use of the hopper body in the dump truck mode, characterized in that the drive vehicle p is located along the tailgate on its inner side, and for the dump truck mode, the tailgate can be fully opened by means of drive devices, mainly hydraulic cylinders installed on both sides of the tailgate, while the spreading device is mounted on the tailgate from the bottom to the outside to move with it ; movable from the drive device along the bottom of the hopper body, a front side is inclined backward, at a certain angle, the bottom and side sides being configured to heat the exhaust gases of the vehicle’s internal combustion engine; and there is also a grid for sifting the loaded material from above, which has a deflection inside the bunker body and is equipped with drive devices, mainly hydraulic cylinders, which allow it to be tilted to the side to ensure loading of bulk materials and bulk cargo into the bunker body directly without sifting. 2. The hopper body according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive conveyor is made in the form of a screw with the opposite direction of winding the screw turns in its two halves for feeding bulk material to the center of the tailgate in the tray to the disc-shaped spreader, with the possibility of regulation the amount of material supplied to the spreader by changing the frequency of rotation of the screw from the hydraulic motor mounted on the side wall of the rear side, and on top of the screw there is a protective casing with the ability to move the drive device, while m the tailgate is made in the form of a voluminous box structure. 3. The hopper body according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive device for moving the front side is made in the form of a double-acting power cylinder with a one-sided telescopic rod, fixed by a swivel joint of the cylinder end on a fixed front beam of the base chassis immediately behind the car driver’s cabin, and by a hinged the connection of the end of the rod on the power beam of the front side, and is located in the space between the driver’s cab and the front side of the hopper body, while the front side is hardened with an additional outer lovoy frame. 4. The hopper body according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the front side is equipped with spring-loaded sealing elements made of wear-resistant material, such as polyurethane, and guide plates of wear-resistant material, such as carbide, are installed along the entire length of the bottom of the hopper body. on the lower part of the front side there are guide inserts, for example, made of cast iron with the possibility of their movement along the specified guide plates.

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