RU2455348C1 - Method of producing detergent - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: melting components - fatty acids taken in amount of 10-70%, hydrated sodium/potassium silicates taken in amount of 20-80% and soap flakes taken in amount required to achieve total volume of components of 100%, is carried out without using free water at temperature of up to 110°C.

EFFECT: use of the present method enables to obtain a detergent having prolonged effect, where during the washing process, the transfer of active components into the aqueous solution takes place gradually, which increases efficiency of the process.

Description

The invention relates to the chemical industry, in particular to the production of detergents using alkaline hydrosilicates of sodium and potassium, suitable for personal hygiene, washing lightly and heavily soiled laundry, as car shampoo, a cleaner for kitchens, kitchen utensils, etc.

Widely known methods for producing detergents based on alkali-treated saturated fatty acids [Tovbin IM, Zaliopo MN, Zhuravlev A.M. Soap production. - M .: Food industry, 1976, 205 p.]. As a rule, the final product of saponification of fatty acids with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is a mixture of sodium and potassium salts of higher fatty acids, aqueous solutions of which have detergent properties and are used as components of washing solutions, soaps and powders of a wide range.

As a rule, most known methods of saponification of fatty acids involve the use of water as the main solvent of the components at the stage of obtaining the product. In addition, due to the use of water in one or another quantity, a change in the consistency of the detergent is achieved.

The aim of the invention is to obtain detergent in a liquid, semi-liquid (pasty) and solid state by alloying the components without using free water. Detergent does not contain any toxic components, its production technology is safe for the environment and personnel directly involved in the production process and equipment maintenance, subject to generally accepted standards and rules for working with chemicals. The production is environmentally friendly, non-waste, dustless, fire and explosion safe, does not require sewage.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the proposed method for producing detergent by anhydrous fusion of a mixture of higher fatty acids, soap chips and sodium / potassium hydrosilicates. All water in the resulting product is in a physically bound state. The specific gravity of fatty acids differs from the vitreous, which forms the micelle wall of hydrated sodium / potassium silicate, and during mixing at elevated temperatures can be uniformly incorporated into the hydrosilicate micelle. The reaction occurring during fusion between acids and hydrosilicates leads to the appearance of fatty acids in a mixture of sodium / potassium compounds, the aqueous solutions of which have surface-active and detergent properties. The use of various ratios of components during fusion allows one to obtain a detergent of any consistency - from solid to pasty and liquid. The vitreous body of the hydrosilicate, which is part of the detergent obtained in accordance with the invention, is a structure that provides for the gradual leaching of active detergents during the application of the product. Thus, the effect of the prolonged action of the detergent is achieved, in which during the washing process (washing, soaking, etc.) the transition of the active components into the aqueous solution occurs gradually, which allows us to talk about increasing the efficiency of the process.

The claimed invention allows to obtain a composition having detergent properties from a mixture of fatty acids and alkali metal hydrosilicates. The use of fragrances and dyes allows you to get a detergent with the desired smell and color. The detergent obtained in accordance with the claimed invention, after cooling under natural environmental conditions, acquires a consistency determined by the initial composition of the mixture, from liquid (with a high content of hydrosilicates) to solid (with a minimum amount of them). The product is capable of long-term preservation of washing ability without loss of shape, color, smell and uniformity.

The implementation of the claimed invention is achieved by the fact that the method of obtaining detergent is carried out by fusion at temperatures up to 110 ° C of the three main components taken in a certain ratio - fatty acids, hydrated sodium / potassium silicates and soap chips. The use of different quantitative ratios of components (fatty acids and hydrosilicates) allows to obtain a detergent of the desired consistency. Giving the detergent the desired smell and color is carried out by introducing at the fusion stage small amounts of fragrances and dyes.

In order to obtain a composition having detergent properties, it is necessary and sufficient to obtain a heated homogeneous mixture of all substances intended for the formation of the final product, followed by casting into molds (containers) and cooling under natural environmental conditions, accompanied by thickening (hardening) of the final product.

The composition of the mixture for the formation of detergent in accordance with the claimed invention must meet the parameters:

fatty acids - 10 ÷ 70%;

hydrated sodium / potassium silicates - 20 ÷ 80%;

soap shavings - until the total amount of components reaches 100%.

The hydrosilicate-based detergent obtained in accordance with the claimed invention (silicon mineral soap) has high washing and cleaning efficiencies, has pronounced retaining properties for cotton and synthetic fabrics, provides gentle washing, washing, cleaning, easily removes stains of various impurities, does not apply damage to the color of the material. It is an independent water softener of any degree of hardness and chemical composition; qualitative characteristics of the detergent composition are independent of water temperature. The product is suitable for washing wool, cotton and synthetic fabrics, for washing paint and varnish coatings, while the fabrics practically do not shrink, it is difficult to contaminate, because dust does not stick to the surface. Paint and varnish coatings treated with a detergent get the effect of a protective silicon film, gain increased weather resistance, resistance to salts, acids, phosphates. It is allowed to refine the detergent with natural and synthetic dyes, fragrances - essential oils, plant extracts.

Claims (1)

Mineral detergent obtained by mixing the components, characterized in that the fusion of the components is fatty acids taken in an amount of 10 ÷ 70%, hydrated sodium / potassium silicates taken in an amount of 20 ÷ 80%, and soap chips taken in an amount necessary for achieving a total volume of components of 100%, is carried out without the use of free water at temperatures up to 110 ° C.