RU2453725C2 - Power-generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: in a power-generating device a hydraulic turbine and a synchronous power generator (3) make an assembly moving jointly with a rotor (7) of the generator. The generator rotor (7) comprises poles with permanent magnets (1). The hydraulic turbine is arranged of propeller type or Kaplan type. Hydraulic turbine blades (11) are either fixed as capable of adjustment in process of installation or are arranged as controllable by means of mechanisms of hydraulic or electric systems. The central shaft of the device is installed with the possibility to adjust its position in longitudinal and radial directions relative to the specified assembly. The generator rotor (7) is sealed and fully submerged into water, allowing for presence of water in a gap (10) between the rotor and stator of the power generator. The device additionally comprises external electronic, electromechanical or hydraulic equipment for control of electric voltage and frequency.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to simplify maintenance of a device and reduce its frequency.

22 cl, 19 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a power generating device, which, thanks to the selected design, allows to simplify maintenance and reduce its frequency, and which can be used in several types of hydroelectric power plants, in particular microhydroelectric power stations, small hydroelectric power stations and small hydroelectric power stations.

State of the art

Several types of hydroelectric generators with a turbine and an electric generator are known, both interconnected and made as a single unit.

The main disadvantage of the units, which include a turbine and an electric generator made as a single unit, is the need to create an electric field of the generator rotor, for which it is necessary to use auxiliary systems, such as excitation systems, brushes, rings and collectors, which makes it difficult to provide the required complete waterproofness of the rotor .

One of the existing integrated hydroelectric generators, known as the Strafflo turbine, is a generator rotor mounted on the outer circumference of the impeller or Kaplan wheel.

In the Strafflo generator, coils powered by an external electric current source are used as a source of magnetic flux generated in the rotor; therefore, mechanical or hydrostatic joint seals are required to ensure tightness to prevent water from entering the gap between the rotor and the stator and into the electrical parts of the rotor.

Another disadvantage of this type of turbine is that because of the need to supply electricity from an external source to the rotor to generate a useful magnetic flux at each pole of the rotor, it is necessary to ensure the water tightness of the circuits performing such a supply.

Another generator for hydroelectric power plants is known from document EP 1318299, which describes a hollow-sphere turbine that uses a synchronous generator driven by permanent magnets with poles formed by permanent magnets and mounted on the rotor of the generator. The generator is cooled only with the help of a fluid flow, which is directed to the outer surface of the ball. Although this generator uses permanent magnet excitation, the design is complex, making it difficult to put into practice.

EP 0 790 696 describes an electric generator that comprises one stator and one rotor, the stator including several rectangular sectors on which the magnetic pole elements are located. This arrangement is used in conventional generators in order to reduce the size of the unit and to eliminate some of the disadvantages inherent in these devices, however, it cannot be used in hydroelectric power plants, due to the lack of water tightness and some other problems arising from this.

The applicant already has one patent for application No. PI 0205233-4 related to an integrated hydrogenerator, in which the turbine and generator are made as a single unit, and the generator rotor is limited by the outer diameter of the turbine blades.

Disclosure of invention

The invention is aimed at eliminating the disadvantages of the known devices by creating an improved power generating device, in particular, relating to systems of electric generators, in which the elements of energy conversion include:

- a turbine for converting fluid energy into mechanical energy;

- a generator containing a stator and a rotor for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

The energy of the turbine is directly transferred to the electric generator, both in the case of a rotor with permanent magnets integrally with the hub of the turbine, and in the case of connecting the hub of the turbine with the rotor of the electric generator through a shaft.

The layout of the generator is represented by two main configurations, namely: an external generator stator and an internal generator rotor, as shown in figures 1-7, 9, 11 and 13 (option A); and an internal generator stator and an external generator rotor, as shown in FIGS. 8, 10, 12, and 14-19 (embodiment B).

In both cases, the rotor with permanent magnets is made either in one piece with the hub of the turbine, or connected to it via a shaft.

In addition, the synchronous generator contains permanent magnets, which can be located on the rotor of the generator in two versions, namely: either on the surface of the rotor, as shown in Fig.3 (option A) and Fig.15 (option B), or inside rotor, as shown in figure 4 (option A) and in figure 16 (option B).

To seal the permanent magnets of the rotor and stator of the generator can be used polymers, composite materials (organic or metal), ceramics, or combinations thereof.

Sealing can be carried out in various ways: by injection, by immersion, by applying drops, by applying plates, strips, fibers or by coating.

The hydraulic turbine and the generator can be made in the form of a single unit, while the rotor of the electric generator can be directly connected to the hub of the propeller turbine or Kaplan turbine, or to the shaft of the device, and can be made in the form of a single part or can be divided into sections interconnected e.g. flanges, bushings or couplings.

The hydraulic turbine can be a propeller type turbine or a Kaplan turbine, while the rotor of the generator with poles of permanent magnets is rigidly connected to its hub or to the shaft of the device and is made either as a single part or divided into several parts connected, for example, by flanges, bushings or couplings.

The turbine blades can be adjusted during assembly, or can be controlled by mechanisms or hydraulic systems when the device shaft is mounted coaxially with the turbogenerator.

The hub of the turbine may be cylindrical, spherical, elliptical, or may have any other shape that allows you to rotate the blades of the turbine around an axis perpendicular to the shaft of the turbogenerator.

If the blades of the hydraulic turbine are adjustable, they have the ability to rotate relative to the hub of the turbine.

Finally, if the permanent magnets of the rotor of the generator are resistant to corrosion and abrasion, they are not sealed.

The rotor of the generator for waterproofing can be sealed with polymers, composite materials (organic or metallic), ceramics, or combinations thereof.

Sealing can be carried out in various ways: by injection, by immersion, by applying drops, by applying plates, strips, fibers or by coating.

Ultimately, you can use permanent non-sealed magnets that are resistant to corrosion and abrasion, and it is not necessary to ensure the watertightness of the rotor of the generator, which is one embodiment of the device.

One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a device in which the sealed or unsealed magnets of the rotor of the generator are immersed in water, which allows water to enter the gap between the generator rotor and the generator stator (the gap between the generator rotor and the generator stator).

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a device which, when using permanent magnets 5, which are sealed or resistant to corrosion and abrasion, does not require electric power to generate the rotor field of an electric generator, which, in turn, does not require the use of an excitation system, but also does not require water resistance between the rotor of the generator and the stationary parts of the device, which contributes to heat transfer.

The power generating device in accordance with the present invention allows for the complete conversion of hydropower into mechanical energy and into electric energy in an integrated turbogenerator that uses sealed or unsealed permanent magnets without using the electric excitation system of the rotor of the generator, thereby eliminating the need for waterproofing, t. e. the possibility of the presence of water in the gap between the rotor and the stator of the generator is allowed.

Brief Description of the Drawings

For a more complete understanding of the features of the present invention and in accordance with the preferred options for its implementation presents two groups of drawings related to the following options:

Option A - an external generator stator and an internal generator rotor,

Option B - the internal stator of the generator and the external rotor of the generator.

Figure 1 shows a power generating device (option A) with a turbine of propeller type or Chestnut type, front view;

figure 2 schematically shows the device described in patent application No. PI-02052334, side view;

figure 3 shows the location of the permanent magnets on the surface of the rotor of the generator;

figure 4 shows the location of the permanent magnets inserted into the rotor of the generator;

figure 5 shows the device in version A1 in longitudinal section in assembled form (patent application No. PI-0205233-4);

figure 6 shows the device in version A2 in longitudinal section in assembled form (patent application No. PI-0205233-4);

Fig.7 shows a device in version B1 in longitudinal section in assembled form: a unit including a turbine and an electric generator rotor mounted on two supports, while the electric generator rotor is made as a single part with a continuation of the turbine hub, and the permanent magnets are located along the outer circumference of the rotor of the generator;

on Fig shows a device in version B2 in a longitudinal section in assembled form: a node that includes a turbine and a rotor of an electric generator mounted on two supports, while the rotor of the electric generator is made in the form of a single part with an expanded hub of the turbine, and the permanent magnets are located along the inner circumference of the rotor of the generator;

figure 9 shows the device in version B3 in longitudinal section in assembled form: a unit comprising a turbine and a rotor of an electric generator mounted on two supports, while the rotor of the electric generator is made in the form of a single part with the shaft of the device, made either in the form of a single part , or divided into sections, mutually connected by flanges, bushings or couplings, etc., and permanent magnets are located along the outer circumference of the rotor of the generator;

figure 10 shows the device in version B4 in longitudinal section in assembled form: a unit that includes a turbine and a rotor of an electric generator mounted on two supports, with an electric generator made in the form of a single part with the shaft of the device, made either in the form of a single part, or divided into sections, mutually connected by flanges, bushings or couplings, etc., and permanent magnets are located along the inner circumference of the rotor of the generator;

11 shows a device in version B 5 in longitudinal section in assembled form: the turbine is mounted on two supports, the generator is balanced, and the permanent magnets are located along the outer circumference of the generator rotor;

on Fig shows a device in version B6 in longitudinal section in assembled form: the turbine is mounted on two supports, the generator is balanced, and the permanent magnets are located along the inner circumference of the rotor of the generator;

on Fig shows the device in version B7 in longitudinal section in assembled form: the turbine is balanced and cantilevered on the device shaft, the shaft is made either as a single part, or consists of sections interconnected by flanges, bushings or couplings, etc. ., and the rotor of the generator is mounted on two supports and contains permanent magnets located along the inner circumference of the rotor of the generator;

on Fig shows the device in version B7 in longitudinal section in assembled form: the turbine is balanced and cantileverly mounted on the device shaft, the shaft is made either as a single part, or consists of sections interconnected by flanges, bushings or couplings, etc. ., and the rotor of the generator is mounted on two supports and contains permanent magnets located along the inner circumference of the rotor of the generator;

Option B - the internal stator of the generator and the external rotor of the generator.

On Fig shows the location of the permanent magnets on the surface of the rotor of the generator according to option B;

on Fig shows the location of the permanent magnets inserted into the rotor of the generator;

on Fig shows in longitudinal section a device in version C1;

on Fig shown in longitudinal section of a device in version C2;

on Fig shows a device in version C3 (option B) in a longitudinal section in assembled form: a node that includes a turbine and a rotor of an electric generator is mounted on two supports, while the electric generator is combined with an elongated hub of the turbine.

The implementation of the invention

In accordance with these drawings, the present invention relates to an improved power generating device with a synchronous type electric generator with poles 1 made of permanent magnets, the device comprising (see Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18 and 19):

a. a turbine 2 for converting fluid energy into mechanical energy;

b. an electric generator unit 3, including parts 1, 4, 5, 7 and 10, for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, namely:

b1. a sealed generator stator 4 (Figs. 7-14, 17, 18 and 19), the design of which is similar to commonly used electric stators, with a magnetic circuit called the stator core 5 (Figs. 3 and 4) and a multiphase winding 6 (Fig. 3, 4, 15 and 16), which is located in the grooves of the stator, distributed and short-circuited to match the expected characteristics of the output voltage of the generator 3;

b2. the rotor 7 of the generator (Fig.7-14, 17, 18 and 19) containing a magnetic circuit called the core 8 of the rotor (Fig.3, 4, 15 and 16), and the pole 9 (Fig.3, 4, 15 and 16) made of permanent magnets 1 (Fig.7-14, 17, 18 and 19) located in the rotor 7 of the generator;

from. the gap 10 between the stator 4 and the rotor 7 of the generator (Fig.7-14, 17, 18 and 19).

The stator 4 of the generator must be completely sealed with polymers, composite materials (organic or metal), ceramics, or a combination thereof.

The application of the sealing material can be carried out in various ways: by injection, by immersion, by applying drops, by applying plates, strips, fibers or by coating.

Permanent magnets 1 of the rotor 7 of the generator can be unsealed, but they must be resistant to corrosion and abrasion.

The rotor 7 of the generator to ensure water tightness must be sealed with polymers, composite materials (organic or metal), ceramics, or combinations thereof.

The sealed rotor 7 of the generator is usually completely immersed in water, as a result of which water is present in the gap 10 between the rotor 7 and the stator 4 of the generator.

The application of sealing material on the rotor 7 of the generator can be carried out in various ways: injection, immersion, applying drops, applying plates, strips, fibers or coating.

Permanent magnets 1 located in the generator rotor 7, acting as excitation elements (generating a useful magnetic flux for each pole), can be installed on the rotor core in two ways:

a. Permanent magnets 1 are located on the surface of the rotor 7 of the generator, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 15, with a magnetization vector directed in the radial direction R1;

b. permanent magnets are inserted into the rotor core 8, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 16, where the rotor core 8 is configured to insert permanent magnets 1, as a result of which the magnetization vector is directed in the tangential direction T1.

Permanent magnets 1 for each pole 9 can be a permanent magnet in the form of a single piece, or a combination of small "tablets" located suitably on the surface of the rotor or inserted into the rotor.

The stator core 5 and the rotor core can be made of any suitable magnetic materials.

The power generating device according to the present invention contains the following nodes: the front transverse element 12 (Fig.7-14, 17, 18 and 19) and the rear transverse element 13 (Fig.7-14, 17, 18 and 19), in which the front guide bearing 14 (Figs. 7-14, 17, 18 and 19) and a rear guide bearing 15 (Figs. 7-14, 17, 18 and 19), as well as thrust bearings 16 (Figs. 7-14, 17, 18 and 19) and 17 (Figs. 7-14, 17, 18 and 19), which can be located either in the front bearing 14 or in the rear bearing 15.

Bearings 16, 17 may be plain bearings or roller bearings lubricated with water, grease, oil, or dry bearings.

The heat resulting from mechanical friction in the bearings is transferred to the water stream. When the bearings are lubricated with oil, heat can be dissipated using external heat exchangers.

The front guide bearing 14 and the rear guide bearing 15 are the bearings of the shaft 18 of the device (Fig.7-14,17,18 and 19).

Figure 3 and 15 shows the permanent magnets 1 located on the surface of the rotor 7 of the generator.

4 and 16, permanent magnets 1 are shown which are inserted into the rotor 7 of the generator.

The generator turbine may be a propeller type turbine or a Kaplan turbine.

The blades 11 of the turbine 2, shown in Fig.7-14, 17, 18 and 19, can be made stationary, adjustable during assembly, or controlled using mechanisms of hydraulic or electrical systems.

The shaft 18 of the device has the ability to radial and longitudinal positioning during installation.

The hub 19 of the turbine, shown in Fig.7-14, 17, 18 and 19, may be cylindrical, spherical, elliptical or any other shape that allows rotation of the blades 11.

If the blades 11 of the turbine are controllable, they have the ability to rotate relative to the hub 9 of the turbine.

Regulation of electrical voltage and frequency is provided by electronic, electromechanical or hydraulic external equipment.

A guiding apparatus with adjustable blades 11 helps to improve the efficiency of the equipment with a variable load and variable flow parameters.

The power generating device can be installed as follows:

a. separately:

al = horizontally (perpendicular to the vertical plane);

A2 = aligned with the vertical plane;

A3 = tilted relative to the vertical plane;

b. as several devices grouped as follows:

b1. the devices are located next to each other horizontally and in parallel, the plane of the common cross section of the turbine rotors being perpendicular to the direction of the main water flow;

b2. one device is located vertically above the other (also in parallel), while the planes of the mid-cross section of the turbine rotors are perpendicular to the direction of the main water flow;

b3. devices are arranged in series (water enters the device from the output of the previous device)

b4. devices are grouped into one or more modules that can be turned on and off individually or in groups.

It is important to understand that the invention is not limited to the details and steps described above. Several other techniques may be used in the present invention, and may be implemented in various ways, it being understood that the terminology used is intended to be a description and not a limitation.

Claims (22)

1. An electric generating device, characterized in that the hydraulic turbine (2) and the synchronous electric generator (3) constitute a unit moving together with the generator rotor (7) and are either directly connected to the turbine hub (19) or connected to a central shaft (CE) devices made either in the form of a single part, or divided into parts, mutually connected by flanges, bushings or couplings, while the rotor (7) of the generator has poles (9) with permanent magnets (1), and the turbine (2) is made of a propeller type or Kaplan type, with a lope the threads (11) of the hydraulic turbine (2) are either fixed with the possibility of adjustment during installation, or are made controlled by the mechanisms of hydraulic or electrical systems; the central shaft (CE) of the device is installed with the possibility of adjusting its position in the longitudinal and radial directions relative to the node composed of a hydraulic turbine and an electric generator; the controlled blades (11) of the turbine are rotatable relative to the hub (19) of the turbine, which has a cylindrical, spherical, elliptical or any other shape that allows rotation of the blades (11); the rotor (7) of the generator is sealed and completely immersed in water, allowing the presence of water in the gap (10) between the rotor and the stator of the electric generator; wherein the device contains external electronic, electromechanical or hydraulic equipment for regulating electrical voltage and frequency. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that its arrangement in the radial and longitudinal directions can be as follows:
a) a unit comprising a turbine (2) and a rotor (7) of the generator is located between two pillow block bearings (14) and (15), i.e. it is mounted on two pillars with one or more bearings (16) and (17) in each support and contains a guiding apparatus with controllable, fixed or adjustable vanes (11) located in front of the rotor (7), which makes it possible to position the guiding apparatus in front of the shaft support (18) located in front of the rotor (7), or behind it; moreover, the supports are located in the transverse elements (12) and (13), made in one piece with the body of the device;
b) a unit comprising a turbine (2) and a generator (3) is located between two bearings on two bearings, with a thrust bearing (16) and a reverse thrust bearing (17), a guiding apparatus (11) installed in one of the bearings located in front of the rotor (7); and the supports are located in the transverse elements (12) and (13), made in one piece with the body of the device;
c) the electric generator (3) is mounted on two supports, and the turbine (2) is balanced relative to these supports, with a thrust bearing (16) and a reverse thrust bearing (17) located in one of the supports, and a guide apparatus (11) located in front of the turbine rotor ;
moreover, the supports are located in the transverse elements (12) and (13), made in one piece with the body of the device. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the bearings (16) and (17) are sliding bearings or roller bearings lubricated with water, grease, oil, or can be dry bearings. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (7) of the generator contains permanent magnets of the excitation element, which are installed in the rotor core in two ways:
a) the permanent magnets (1) are located on the surface of the rotor (7) of the generator so that the magnetization vector is directed in the radial direction;
b) the permanent magnets are inserted into the core (8) of the rotor, in which the grooves for inserting the permanent magnets (1) are made, the permanent magnets being inserted so that the magnetization vector is directed in the tangential direction. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor (7) of the generator contains permanent magnets of the excitation element, which are installed in the rotor core in two ways:
a) the permanent magnets (1) are located on the surface of the rotor (7) of the generator so that the magnetization vector is directed in the radial direction;
b) the permanent magnets are inserted into the core (8) of the rotor, in which the grooves for inserting the permanent magnets (1) are made, the permanent magnets being inserted so that the magnetization vector is directed in the tangential direction. 6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotor (7) of the generator contains permanent magnets of the excitation element, which are installed in the rotor core in two ways:
a) the permanent magnets (1) are located on the surface of the rotor (7) of the generator so that the magnetization vector is directed in the radial direction;
b) the permanent magnets are inserted into the core (8) of the rotor, in which the grooves for inserting the permanent magnets (1) are made, the permanent magnets being inserted so that the magnetization vector is directed in the tangential direction. 7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the generator (7) contains permanent magnets (1) of the excitation element, which can be installed in two ways:
permanent magnets (1) are installed in the rotor so that the rotor (7) of the generator is located inside the stator (4) of the generator;
permanent magnets (1) are installed in the rotor so that the rotor (7) of the generator is located outside the stator (4) of the generator. 8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the permanent magnets (1) for each pole (9) are one permanent magnet or a combination of small "tablets" located on the surface (7) of the rotor or inserted into the rotor . 9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it includes several modules arranged in parallel, next to each other horizontally or vertically one above the other, all of which are located so that the median plane of the cross section of the rotor assembly is perpendicular to the main stream of water flowing through the device. 10. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that it includes several modules arranged in parallel, next to each other horizontally or vertically one above the other, all of which are located so that the median plane of the cross section of the rotor assembly is perpendicular to the main water stream flowing through the device. 11. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that it includes several modules arranged in parallel, next to each other horizontally or vertically one above the other, all of which are located so that the median plane of the cross section of the rotor assembly is perpendicular to the main water stream flowing through the device. 12. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, 10 and 11, characterized in that it includes several modules arranged in series, i.e. with the possibility of water entering one device after it leaves the previous device. 13. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that it includes several modules arranged in series, i.e. with the possibility of water entering one device after it leaves the previous device. 14. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that it includes several modules arranged in series, i.e. with the possibility of water entering one device after it leaves the previous device. 15. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that it includes several modules arranged in series, i.e. with the possibility of water entering one device after it leaves the previous device. 16. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that it includes several blocks forming one or more independent modules. 17. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that it includes several blocks forming one or more independent modules. 18. The device according to any one of paragraphs.10 or 11, characterized in that it includes several blocks forming one or more independent modules. 19. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that it includes various blocks and / or modules, individually switched on and off. 20. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that it includes various blocks and / or modules, individually switched on and off. 21. The device according to item 12, characterized in that it includes various blocks and / or modules, individually switched on and off. 22. The device according to any one of paragraphs.10, 11 and 13-15, characterized in that it includes various units and / or modules, individually switched on and off.

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