RU2449231C2 - Universal dryer for drying loose and non-loose material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: universal dryer for drying loose and non-loose material includes a drying chamber, outer and inner walls of a circular form, a grill, a diffuser, an air-conducting channel, a conditioning and heating unit, comprising a combustion chamber formed by the inner surface of the cylindrical heat exchanger, a flue pipe, a fuel injector, a ventilation unit, an electrical fan with a shielding spinner. In the dryer additionally a reversing leveled auger adjustable on height is installed, as well as a feeding conveyor, a fixed shaft, collector rings, brush holders, mobile unloading device with removable cut-off shelves and scrapers, a delivery tray, a shipping air duct, a cyclone, a fan, a counterflow heat exchanger with a pipe.

EFFECT: due to installing the mobile unloading device with removable cut-off shelves and shipping air duct with a cyclone and a fan it has been possible to carry out a continuous countercurrent process of drying of loose and non-loose material with a cutoff and unloading of the lower dried layer, and simultaneous shipping and cooling of the dried material in this type of drying chambers.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to installations for drying bulk and non-bulk materials, such as grain, heap of grass seeds, crushed dried grass.

A known dryer for agricultural products [patent No. 2355962 C1, F26В 15/04 of 11/19/2007], containing a fixed annular chamber with a perforated bottom, loading and unloading devices, periodically connected to a centrally located shaft, a feeder in the form of a hopper with a metering device drain tray.

The disadvantages of this dryer are:

1) the design of the discharge device eliminates the possibility of countercurrent drying of the original bulk material.

The closest in technical essence is a dryer for agricultural products [copyright certificate No. 499473 of 06/07/1971, F26B 9/06], containing an annular chamber with a perforated bottom, a cavity for the coolant, a conveyor, an inclined tray, a shaft, an unloading device, a platform with dispenser.

The disadvantages of this dryer are:

1) the design of the discharge device cannot provide a clear cut-off of the dried layer from the dried;

2) the use of a rotating shaft to drive the unloading device and the distributor complicates the transfer of electrical energy to their drives and the design of the drying chamber;

3) during drying of the original non-bulk material, a delay of the dried material on the tray is possible, which can lead to clogging of the unloading device;

4) the reciprocating movement of the dispenser complicates the design of the drying chamber.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the drying process of bulk and non-bulk material.

The problem is solved in that in order to increase the efficiency of the drying process of bulk and non-bulk material in the proposed dryer containing a drying chamber, an outer and inner wall of a ring shape, an air distribution grill, a diffuser, an air supply duct, a fan assembly including a combustion chamber formed by the inner surface of a cylindrical heat exchanger , chimney, fuel nozzle, ventilation unit, electric fan with shielding cooker, are additionally installed: height-adjustable reversible leveling screw, feed conveyor moving only in the radial direction, fixed shaft, slip rings, brush holders, mobile unloading device with removable shut-off shelves and scrapers, receiving tray, discharge duct, cyclone, fan, counter-flow heat exchanger with nozzle.

New significant features:

1) a mobile unloading device with removable shut-off shelves and specially made scrapers makes it possible to carry out a continuous countercurrent process of drying bulk and non-bulk material with cutting and unloading of the lower dried layer;

2) the edges of the scrapers of the unloading device are made at the angle of pouring of the proposed dried material, which allows you to remove the dried material from under the cut-off plate with less energy;

3) the installed fixed shaft allows for independent operation of the unloading device and loading mechanisms of the drying chamber without additional devices, as much as possible freeing up the space of the drying chamber;

4) a discharge duct with a cyclone and a fan produce simultaneous shipment and cooling of the dried material;

5) additional installation of a counterflow heat exchanger with a pipe will allow more fully use the heat of combustion of fuel.

The listed new essential features are sufficient in all cases to which the requested scope of legal protection applies.

Identified distinguishing features in conjunction with the known provide a technical result.

By installing a mobile unloading device with removable shut-off shelves and an exhaust duct with a cyclone and a fan, it was first possible to carry out a continuous countercurrent process of drying bulk and non-bulk material with cutting and unloading the lower dried layer, while shipping and cooling the dried material in this type of drying chambers.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the dryer; figure 2 is a section of figure 1 along aa; in FIG. - 3 shut-off shelves: a) for bulk and b) for bulk material.

The dryer contains an annular drying chamber 1 formed by external 2 and internal 3 fences, an air distribution grill 4, an air supply duct 5, a diffuser 6, a reversible leveling screw 7 mounted on adjustable suspensions 8, a feed conveyor 9, gear motors 10, 11, 12, 13, support beam 14, roller 15, fixed shaft 16, pin 17, slip rings 18, 19, brush holders 20, 21, supports 22, seal 23, unloading device 24, including support platform 25, sprocket 26, chain 27, beam 28 , chain 29, scrapers 30, cutting off interchangeable shelf 31, to which can be made for a bulk material in the form of a continuous metal plate of Fig. 3a or for a non-bulk material in the form of a finger grating of Fig. 3b, a reflective shield 32, an asterisk 33, a shipping device consisting of a receiving tray 34, an exhaust duct 35, a cyclone 36, a fan 37 , a fan assembly consisting of a casing 38, a combustion chamber 39 formed by the inner surface of a cylindrical heat exchanger 40, a chimney 41, a fuel nozzle 42, a counter-flow heat exchanger 43 connected to the pipe 44, is a ventilation th block 45, which is mounted inside the fan assembly 46 with shield 47 cook.

The drying workflow is based on a countercurrent: loose or non-flowing wet material moves upward from the zone of wet material down to the zone of dried material, and the drying agent moves upward from the zone of dry material to the zone of wet material, heating the material and evaporating moisture from it, completely saturated with it . This workflow is the most economical.

The dryer operates as follows: depending on the starting material to be dried, a cut-off shelf 31 is installed on the unloading device 24 for bulk or non-flowing material, figa, b, the source material from the feed conveyor 9 enters the drying chamber 1, the screw 7 evens out the specified layer thickness according to the entire area of the drying chamber, moving in the radial direction with the help of a gear motor 11, the adjustment of the specified layer height is provided by adjustable suspensions 8, after filling the drying chamber 1, heat is turned on The ventilation unit. The fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 39 through the nozzle 42 is burned. The resulting combustion products heat the walls 43 of the cylindrical heat exchanger. Electric fan 46 draws in atmospheric air between the casing 38 and the heated walls of the cylindrical heat exchanger 40. Combustion products exit through the pipe 41 to the atmosphere, heating the walls of the heat exchanger 43, which give off heat to the aspirated atmospheric air, which is heated and enters the ventilation unit 45 through the pipe 44. The resulting heat carrier by the electric fan 46 is pumped through the diffuser 6 into the air inlet channel 5 through the air distribution grilles 4, heating the material to be dried and evaporating from moisture. As soon as the layer of a certain thickness reaches a predetermined humidity, the fan 37 is turned on, with the aid of the sprockets 26 and 33 of the chain 27 the unloading device 24 is turned on. Using the automation, the synchronous movement of the device 24 and the screw 7 with the conveyor 9 in the radial direction is turned on. The unloading device cuts off and unloads the dried layer of material, which, falling into the receiving tray 34 through the discharge duct 35 using the fan 37, is transported to the cyclone 36, while cooling, and then for further processing. The conveyor 9 feeds, and the screw 7 equalizes a new predetermined layer of the source material. Electric energy is supplied to the geared motors 10, 11, 12, 13 by means of slip rings 18, 19 and brush holders 20, 21. Thus, a continuous process of countercurrent drying occurs with cutting off and unloading of the lower dried layer.

Claims (1)

A universal dryer for drying granular and non-granular material, containing a drying chamber, outer and inner walls of an annular shape, an air distribution grill, a diffuser, an air supply duct, a fan heater including a combustion chamber formed by the inner surface of a cylindrical heat exchanger, a chimney, a fuel nozzle, a ventilation unit, electric fan with a shielding cooker, characterized in that an additional leveling auger, adjustable in cell feed conveyor, a stationary shaft, slip rings, the brush holders, the movable Unloading device with removable shelves and cut-off scrapers receiving tray, offloading duct, a cyclone, a fan, a countercurrent heat exchanger with a pipe.

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