RU2449240C1 - Method of ore and rock breakage in development of solid mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: during performance of drilling and blasting works in the lower part of each explosive well a bottom charge is arranged, on the outer surface of which there is a circular cumulative groove arranged, the top of which lies in the horizontal plane, which separates the volume of the bottom charge in two and matches the plane of a working site of an open pit ledge or a bottom of an underground stope. The value of well subgrade drilling is accepted as equal to the half of the cumulative groove base width.

EFFECT: reduced drilling flow due to reduction of subgrade drilling and higher quality of arrangement of a working site of open pit ledges and a bottom of stopes at underground mining works.

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Description

The invention relates to mining and, in particular, to open and underground mining of solid mineral deposits.

There is a method of explosive breaking of ores and rocks, which consists in drilling and blasting wells with an excess determined by a known method, but not exceeding 3-4 m [1]. The disadvantage of this method is the need for excess drilling expense, at least 15-20%, to ensure a sufficiently smooth working platform of the next ledge, as well as overuse of explosives and significant destruction of the surface of the working platform, eliminated with the use of additional work on its planning.

The closest in technical essence is the method of explosive breaking of ores and rocks using boiler charges [2]. The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity, extremely complex organization of work and high material costs for the formation of an additional volume of the charging chamber in the bottom of the blast holes.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the total and specific volume of drilling and improving the quality of the design of the working platform of the ledges of quarries and the bottom of treatment blocks in underground mining.

This goal is achieved by the fact that during drilling and blasting operations, a bottom charge is placed in the lower part of each vertical downhole, an annular cumulative recess is formed on its outer surface, the top of which lies in a horizontal plane that divides the volume of the bottom charge in half and coincides with the plane of the working platform of the quarry ledge or the bottom of the underground treatment unit. When each such charge is blown up, a flat annular cumulative jet with a high energy concentration is formed in the process of breaking, which, when encountered with a similar jet of cumulative charges of neighboring wells, forms a horizontal plane of destruction of the array passing through the top of the contour of the cumulative excavation and forming the working platform of the next step of the quarry or flat bottom of the underground block. The size of the wells in this case is equal to half the width of the base of the cumulative recess.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General diagram of the conduct of explosive blasting vertical downhole wells. Figure 2 shows the location of the horizontal annular cumulative recess in the bottom charge and its parameters.

SUBSTANCE: method for explosive breaking of ores and rocks in underground and open-cast mining operations contains a beating volume of rock mass 1, vertical downhole wells 2, bottom charge 3 with an external surface 4, an annular cumulative recess 5, apex 6 of a cumulative recess, a horizontal plane 7, a base 8, and a depth 9 cumulative excavation, rebur 10.

The method is implemented as follows. The beat off volume of the rock mass 1 is drilled with vertical downhole wells 2 using known methods for determining the drilling passport (Fig. 1). A prefabricated bottom charge 3 is installed in each well 2, in which an annular cumulative recess 5 is formed on the outer surface of the charge 4, the vertex 6 of which lies in the horizontal plane 7, dividing the volume of the bottom charge 3 in half and coinciding with the plane of the working platform of the open pit or underground bottom treatment unit. The value of the base 8 and the depth 9 of the cumulative recess 5 is determined by known methods (figure 2). In this case, the drill 10 for each well 2 is taken equal to half the value of the base 8 of the cumulative recess 5. After installing the bottom charge 3, the well 2 is charged in a known manner using known explosives and blasting devices. Upon completion of the loading of all wells 2, initiation is performed, starting from the bottom charge 3, and blasting in accordance with the technology used for breaking ore and rocks.

Sources of information taken into account

1. Trubetskoy K.N., Krasnyansky G.L., Chronin V.V., Kovalenko B.C. Career Design: A Textbook. M.: Higher School, 2009.694 s. (P. 418, fig. 13.1; p. 429-430).

2. In the same place (Pages. 417 and 431).

Claims (1)

The method of explosive breaking of ores and rocks during the development of solid mineral deposits, including the drilling of blast holes, their loading using conventional and cumulative charges and blasting charges, characterized in that in order to reduce drilling expense by reducing the overburden and improving the quality of blasting a bottom charge is placed in the lower part of the vertical descending wells, on the outer surface of which an annular cumulative recess is formed, the top of which lies in the horizontal plane, times dividing the volume of the bottom charge in half and coinciding with the plane of the working platform of the ledge of the quarry or the bottom of the underground treatment unit, and the size of the borehole is taken equal to half the width of the base of the cumulative recess.

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