RU2442311C2 - Rotary harvester-thresher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agricultural engineering and can be used in screen-air cleaners of combine harvesters. The rotary harvester-thresher includes a rotor rotating inside the skeleton frame, a cleaning unit, a suction-fan and grain collectors located under the rotor housing. The side of the combine harvester housing above the grain collector has at least one opening for waste discharge that is forwarded to the ground or into the cutter through the pipes.

EFFECT: higher cleaning efficiency and a low cost of the grain cleaning process.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, and in particular to axial-rotary combine harvesters and their devices for wind-grain cleaning of grain.

A known combine harvester with a rotary threshing and separating apparatus, comprising a rotor housing in the form of a sieve with cells; rotor rotating inside the housing; a grain collector and a cleaning apparatus in the form of an intake fan. The suction fan directs the air flow together with the floor and the straw (hereinafter - the heap) from the space between the rotor housing and the grain collector up the pipeline and, thus, cleans the grain [1, 2].

A known combine harvester, which, in addition to the cleaning fan, has a blower fan that feeds under the cleaning sieve, in addition to the cleaning fan, through a piping system, air flows blowing around the local zones of the cleaning sieves and providing loosening of the threshed mass, which, in turn, improves quality of cleaning [3].

Known combine harvester with rotary threshing and separating apparatus. It includes a rotor rotating inside the trellised housing; a grain collector located under the rotor housing; a cleaning apparatus and a transverse air flow fan to create air flow through the drum and more efficient separation of grain from the heap [4].

The disadvantages of the described technical solutions are: low throughput (speed) of the grain cleaning operation and, as a result, low overall performance of the combine due to the unilateral action of the transverse air flow; the instability of the technological process of cleaning in a wide range of harvested crops due to the failure to ensure uniformity of air flow over the cross-section of the duct of a complex configuration and therefore the inability to ensure high-quality cleaning of grain from such a long-stem fraction as chopped straw, as well as from fragments of corn and sunflower stems; additional energy costs for cleaning; low reliability and high cost of construction.

Closest to the claimed device (combine) in technical essence is the combine harvester described in the patent [3]. The disadvantages of the prototype indicated above.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the cleaning ability of the combine harvester, increase reliability and reduce the cost of the technological process of cleaning grain and combine, in general.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that the combine, including a rotor rotating inside the trellised casing, a grain collector, a cleaning device and a suction fan mounted on the roof of the thresher housing, is equipped to at least separate the grain from the floor and straw , one window for removal of a heap, made on the side surface of the combine harvester, above the grain collector, which is connected by a casing to the suction fan installed, in contrast to the prototype, on the side surface of the thresher and creates conductive airflow outputting portion heap, due to the phenomenon of ejection beyond the cleaning area and thus accelerating the cleaning process.

Figure 1 in a side view shows the proposed device is a rotary combine harvester, which includes the following elements: 1 - the case of the combine with the operator’s cabin not shown in detail, a compartment for placing the engine and a grain hopper; 2 - an inclined camera; 3 - rotary threshing and separating apparatus; 4 - treatment apparatus; 5 - cleaning fan; 6 - treatment sieves; 7, 8 - grain collectors (front 7 and rear 8); 9 - free space above the rear grain collector 8; 10 - suction fan; 11 - thresher body; 12 - holes in the thresher body; 13 - side window of the thresher body; 14 - pipeline; 15 - forcing fan. The arrows in figure 1 show: the direction of movement of the grain is solid thin arrows; direction of air flow - thick curly arrows; the direction of movement of the heap - dashed thin arrows.

The proposed device operates as follows. The cut off plant mass is fed to the combine through an inclined chamber 2. Then it is transported to the rotary threshing and separating apparatus 3. During the helical movement of the treated mass around the longitudinal axis of the threshing and separating rotor inside the rotary threshing and separating apparatus 3, the grain is separated from the heap (straw and floor ) and enters the front 7 and rear 8 grain collectors located under the rotor housing. Grain collectors 7 and 8 have inclined surfaces providing grain displacement to the treatment apparatus 4. In free space 9 above the rear 8 grain collector, the grain motion paths, on the one hand, and the heap and air flow, on the other hand, have opposite directions. To improve cleaning in the case of the thresher 11 of the proposed combine, unlike the prototype, holes (windows) 13 are made on the side surface of the thresher body, above the grain collector 8. By installing a suction fan 10, in contrast to the prototype, on the side surface of the thresher 11 an air stream is created, which removes part of the heap, due to the phenomenon of ejection, outside the cleaning zone and, thus, accelerates the cleaning process.

To increase the efficiency of the rotary combine harvester, it is additionally installed in the front part of the thresher body 11, in front of the inlet part of the rotary threshing and separating apparatus 3, a blower fan 15. Fan 15 increases the speed of removal of the heap from the space between the rotary threshing and separating apparatus 3 and the grain collectors 7 and 8 through the side windows of the thresher by creating excess pressure in the space 9 between the lower part of the rotary threshing and separating apparatus 3 and the grain collector 8. agnetayuschy fan 15 may also be installed on the top or on the bottom or on the side of the housing 11 thresher.

The directions of movement of the air flow and the heap in space 9 are created by the suction fan 10 or the blower fan 15, which, due to the phenomenon of ejection, draws air from the space 9 through the side window 13 of the grinder body and directs the heap through the pipe 14 to the ground or to the chopper.

With a sufficiently large capacity of the suction fan or pressure fan 10 and in the presence of inlet openings 12 in the front part of the grinder body 11, an increase in the air flow rate through the space above the front grain collector 7 and a heap blowing out of this space are provided.

To ensure reliable transportation of grain to the treatment apparatus 4, the angle of inclination of the rear 8 of the grain collector and the speed of the air flow passing through the free space 9 are consistent. The air flow rate is controlled by changing the rotation speed of the blowing fan 15, which is provided either by installing a speed variator in a belt drive (not shown in FIG. 1), or by changing the flow area of the air inlets 12. The speed of the air flow over the rear 8 grain collector can be changed by changing the size of the side window of the housing of the thresher 13, which discharges the air flow. The listed methods for controlling the speed of grain cleaning and the claimed distinguishing features can be used in various combinations.

Equipping the rotary combine harvester with heap removal windows made on the side surface of the thresher body 11 and connected by shrouds to a blowing fan 10, and also, in another embodiment, a blowing fan 15 installed in front of the inlet part of the rotary threshing and separating apparatus 3, allows to achieve the object of the invention namely, to increase the cleaning ability of the combine and its reliability, as well as reduce the cost of the technological process of cleaning grain and the combine, in general.

Literature

1. Pat. US 4869272. - Prior. 09/25/1989 (patent holder - CASE CO JI (US).

2. Combine harvester self-propelled RSM-181 "Torum-740". Instructions for use and maintenance of RSM-181 IE. - Rostov-on-Don: LLC "KZ" RSM ", 2008.

3.SU 810128 A1. - Prior. 03/07/1981 (patent holder - Rostov-on-Don Institute of Agricultural Engineering).

4. Pat. RU 2268577. - Prior. 07/30/2001 (patent holder - KLAAS Selbstfarende Erntemashinen GmbH (DE).

Claims (5)

1. A rotary combine harvester comprising a rotor rotating inside a trellised casing, grain collectors located under the rotor casing, a cleaning apparatus and a suction fan, characterized in that it is provided with at least one window for removing the heap made on the side surface of the casing combine above the collector of grain, and pipelines directing the heap to the ground or to the chopper. 2. The rotary combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows for heap removal are provided with pipelines connecting them to the suction fan. 3. The rotary combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction fan is mounted on the side surface of the thresher body. 4. The rotary combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the heap is removed from the space between the rotary threshing and separating apparatus and the grain collector due to the phenomenon of ejection. 5. The rotary combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the heap is removed from the space between the rotor housing and the grain collector by a blower fan mounted on the front, lower or side surface of the thresher housing.