RU2441820C2 - Equipment for beneficiary use of sublimated organic biowaste of cosmonauts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: space and aeronautics.

SUBSTANCE: invention is referred to life-support system for manned space vehicles (SV), equipped with gas-jet orientation systems. The equipment is made on the basis of a high-temperature ablation generator (1), which uses sublimated biowaste (2). The latter are kept in a ceramic multiple-use heatproof container (3) with a screw top (4) which has ports (5) for gaseous pyrolysis products discharge (6). Transparent heatproof glass package (7), installed on a focal axis (9) of a cylindrical optic solar concentrator (10), is located from the outside of the container (3), out of the SV (8). The concentrator has a carcase (11) and a reflective plastic film (12) stretched on it, with an aluminum coat (13). Pyrolysis products (b), discharged from the waste (2) heating by a concentrator (10) are sucked by a compressor (14) through the ports (5) in the container top and pipeline (15) into high-pressure tanks (16). The gas from the tanks is used by orientation engines of the SV. Slag (17) after pyrolysis is retrieved from the container (3) and applied as, for example, mineral fertilizer for plants in greenhouses on board of the SV. EFFECT: increased solar energy usage and pyrolysis products, retrieved out of it on board of the SV for the needs of journey program.

1 dwg, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to treatment facilities and can be used for spacecraft in the near-solar space.

The well-known "Installation of rapid pyrolysis of peat (UBPT-001)" Internet http://tek.su/pr/ LLC "Peat energy company", Yaroslavl highway, 28, k.163, Moscow, 129337.

Ablation type reactor with built-in convective heat exchangers and an external supply of thermal energy. The source of external thermal energy - bottled gas - propane. To create the most favorable regime for the BST process (exothermic reactions), it is necessary to reduce the humidity of the initial peat (initial humidity 52-70%) to a minimum level (less than 10%). To do this, the original peat must first be dried. In our technology, a fluidized bed dryer is used, which allows bringing the moisture content of the dried peat to the level of 0.4%. The directories (on peat) provide data on the temperatures of the beginning of the pyrolysis of peat at 140 degrees C. Therefore, we have chosen the temperature regime for drying peat at 120-135 degrees C.

The operating (temperature) mode of the ablation reactor is selected based on the averaging of the products of rapid pyrolysis of peat, i.e. in order not to go into the processes of coking and gasification (over 700 degrees C) and bertening (allocation of tar and tar) - less than 400 degrees C. As a result of theoretical and physical studies, the averaged temperature operating mode of 650-700 degrees C. was selected. The temperature control of the BPT reactor is controlled by water cooling jackets.

The output products of UBPT-001 are:

liquid pyrolysis fuel (up to 2 t / day);

synthesis gas (up to 7000 cubic meters / day);

powdered coke (up to 1.5 t / day);

thermal energy (up to 60 Gcal / day).

The plant productivity, depending on the moisture content of the initial peat (70-40%), is 8-12 t / day.

The consumed electric power of UBPT-001 is 10 kW / h. Occupied area 25 sq. M, with a height of 6 m.

Liquid pyrolysis fuel requires further processing in order to divide it into:

pure fuel fractions (analyzes showed the presence of the AI-92 identity in the initial pyro-fuel);

aromatic hydrocarbons;

hydroxyl compounds, which in turn can be used as raw materials for the chemical industry.

In the process, UBPT-001 does not require the supply of additional thermal energy, i.e. the system provides itself energetically. In the design of UBPT-001 applied:

ablation type reactor;

fluidized bed dryer, allowing to dry peat to a relative humidity of 0.8%.

The thermal energy released by UBPT-001 is represented by 2 types:

supersaturated water vapor;

hot water (prototype).

The disadvantage is the use of pyrolysis products for heating the pyrolysis installation, which reduces the efficiency of the production of pyrolysis products.

A device is known “STEAM-GAS PLANT WITH COAL PYROLYSIS". RU. application No. 2387847. C1. IPC F01K 23/02 (2006.01). F02C 3/28 (2006.01). Posted: 04/27/2010.

A combined cycle gas turbine pyrolysis unit includes a steam turbine unit, a gas turbine unit, a waste heat boiler for exhaust gas heat from a gas turbine unit. The steam turbine unit comprises a solid fuel-fired steam boiler, a steam turbine, a regenerative air heater, and a condensate pump. The gas turbine unit contains a combustion chamber of gaseous fuel, a compressor and a gas turbine using heated compressed air as a working medium. Moreover, the combined cycle plant contains a group of independently functioning pyrolysers, pyrolysis gas coolers, a separator and a fine filter. Pyrolyzers are installed above the burner belt of the steam boiler and are equipped with nozzles for supplying coal dust and air. Each pyrolyzer is connected by a semicoke supply channel to at least one boiler burner and to a pyrolysis gas cooler, one of the outlets of which is connected to a separator. Coolers and a separator are connected to the burners of the boiler through the resin and liquid hydrocarbon discharge piping. The separator through the pyrolysis gas blower is connected to the feed channel of this gas with a fine filter, one of the outlets of which through the booster compressor is connected to the combustion chamber of gaseous fuel, and its second outlet is connected to the burners of the boiler through the feed channel of the semi-coke. The cooler outputs are connected to regenerative air heaters. The invention improves the efficiency, reliability, environmental performance of a combined cycle plant.

The disadvantage is the use of part of the pyrolysis products for the internal needs of the device

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the use of pyrolysis products, and the use of solar energy for pyrolysis.

The technical result in the device for the beneficial use of freeze-dried organic waste of astronauts' life in the form of a high-temperature ablation generator is achieved by the fact that freeze-dried waste of vital activity containing organic substances is located in a ceramic heat-resistant reusable container with a screw lid having openings for the exit of gaseous pyrolysis products, and outside the container there is a transparent case made of heat-resistant glass located behind within the spacecraft, and the body is located on the focal axis of a cylindrical-type optical solar energy concentrator made of a hollow frame and a stretched reflective plastic film with an aluminum coating, and the pyrolysis gas is aspirated by the compressor through openings in the container lid and the pipeline to high-pressure cylinders for use by orientation engines .

The drawing shows the "Useful use of sublimated organic residues of astronauts"

Statics.

The device for the beneficial use of freeze-dried organic residues of cosmonauts' life (drawing) in the form of a high-temperature ablation generator (1) consists of freeze-dried waste (2) that contains organic substances and located in a ceramic heat-resistant container (3) reusable with a screw cap (4) with openings (5) for the exit of gaseous pyrolysis products (6), and outside the container (3) is a transparent case made of heat-resistant glass (7) located outside spacecraft (8), and the body is located on the focal axis (9) of the optical solar energy concentrator (10) of a cylindrical type made of a hollow frame (11) and a stretched reflective plastic film (12) with an aluminum coating (13), and the products the pyrolysis (6) is sucked off by the compressor (14) through the openings in the container lid (5) and the pipeline (15) to the high-pressure cylinders (16) for use by orientation engines.

Work.

Dehydrated waste (2) of human vital products containing organic substances is placed in a ceramic heat-resistant container (3). Screwed on the lid (4) with holes (5) for the exit of the pyrolysis products (6). The container (3) is inserted into a glass heat-resistant casing (7) mounted outside the spacecraft (8). The housing (7) is located on the focal axis (9) of a cylindrical-type optical solar energy concentrator (10) made of a hollow frame (11) with a slight gas pressure inside and a stretched reflective plastic film (12) with an aluminum coating (13). The photon flux of solar energy, reflected from the aluminum coating (14) and concentrated at the focus axis (9), heats the container (3) and its contents through a transparent body (7) to a temperature of up to 2000 degrees Celsius. With this heating, pyrolysis gas is first released (6), then pyrolysis fuel (6), which, when heated further, turns into gases (6) (mainly hydrogen and a little nitrogen). These gases are sucked off by a compressor (14) into a high-pressure tank (16) and are used to orient the spacecraft (8). Slag (17) after pyrolysis is removed from the container (3) and used as mineral fertilizer for greenhouses on the spacecraft (8) for plants.

Technical and economic indicators of the device for the beneficial use of sublimated organic residues of cosmonaut activity are significantly higher than the prototype, because Free solar energy is used for heating.

The list of positions.

1. - high temperature ablation generator

2. - sublimated waste

3. - container

4. - screw cap

5. - hole

6. - pyrolysis product

7. - case

8. - spacecraft

9. - axis of focus

10. - optical solar energy concentrator

11. - hollow frame

12. - plastic film

13. - aluminum coating

14. - compressor

15. - pipeline

16. - high pressure tank

17. - slag

Claims (1)

A device for the beneficial use of sublimated organic life remains of cosmonauts in the form of a high-temperature ablation generator, consisting of freeze-dried life waste containing organic substances and located in a ceramic refractory ceramic container with a screw cap having openings for the exit of gaseous pyrolysis products, while outside the container outside the space the apparatus is a transparent case made of heat-resistant glass, size Carried on the focal axis of a cylindrical-type optical solar energy concentrator made in the form of a hollow frame, onto which a reflective plastic film with an aluminum coating is stretched, the pyrolysis products are sucked off by the compressor through openings in the container lid and the pipeline into high-pressure cylinders for use by orientation engines.