RU2339595C1 - Facing tile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: facing tile is made from mixture which includes bonding material with plastifying agent and quartzo-feldspathic sand. Non-clinkering bonding material consisting of pearlite, caustic limestone and gypsum is used as bonding material, and hyperplastifier Melflux 2651 F is used as plastifying agent at the following component ratio, wt %: pearlite - 21-24.3, caustic limestone - 7.8-14, gypsum - 1.14-1.60, Melflux 2651 F - 0.060-0.1, quartzo-feldspathic sand - 60-70.

EFFECT: water-hard ratio decrease; improvement of compression and bending strength; improvement of reflection coefficient and whiteness, wider range of products and colours using various colourants.

4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of facing materials for interior decoration and can be used in construction and finishing works.

Cementless materials are known based on glasses of natural and artificial origin (perlite, obsidian, tuff, tare and industrial glass, etc.). As an alkaline activator to obtain finishing materials use a solution of technical caustic soda NaOH with a density of 1.08 g / cm ³ . The compressive strength of cementless finishing materials after autoclaving is 40-55 MPa (See Gorlov Yu.P., Merkin A.P., Burov V.Yu., Zeifman M.I. Finishing cementless materials based on acidic volcanic glasses // Building Materials, 1980, No. 9).

The disadvantage of this composition of the finishing cementless material is the use of alkali NaOH, which is a scarce and expensive reagent, the use of which requires special equipment and compliance with safety regulations, as well as the use of expensive and resource-intensive autoclaving during hardening of the material.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a concrete mixture, which contains, wt.%: Portland cement - 19.5-20.1; crushed stone - 48.2-48.4; sand - 30.0-31.5; superplasticizer C-3 - 0.21-0.50; powder bentonite - 0.4-1.2. The mixing of the components is carried out in a conventional concrete mixer with the addition of water according to the recipe at ordinary air temperature to a plastic, uniform consistency. The compressive strength of the resulting concrete as a result of heat and moisture treatment, at 90 ° C and a regime of 1.5 + 8 + 1.5 h - 38.7 MPa (See RF patent No. 2131856, IPC С04В 28/04; С04В 24/22, publ. 10.07.2000).

The disadvantage of this composition is the low decorative properties of finishing materials based on concrete mix using Portland cement.

The problem solved by the invention is to obtain the composition of the tiles without autoclave hardening based on clinker-free lime-perlite binder using perlite rocks.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the water-solid ratio; increasing compressive and bending strength; improvement of decorative properties; increasing the reflection coefficient characterizing the degree of whiteness of the material; expanding the color range of tiles by using pigments in a wide range of colors.

To achieve the technical result provided by the invention, a cladding tile prepared from a mixture comprising a binder with a plasticizing additive and quartz-feldspar sand, according to the invention, a clinker-free binder including perlite, quicklime, gypsum was selected as the binder, and Melflux 2651 hyperplasticizer as the plasticizing additive F, when the content of clinker-free binder in the composition of 30-40% by weight, with the following ratio of components, wt.%:

quicklime 7.8-14;

perlite - 21.0-24.3;

gypsum - 1.14-1.60;

Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer - 0.060-0.1;

quartz-feldspar sand - 60-70.

A distinctive feature of the composition of the proposed cladding tiles is the use of clinker-free binder components that provide the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of the cladding material, with its content of 30-40% by weight.

It is the use of a clinker-free binder, including perlite, quicklime, gypsum, and, as a plasticizing additive, the Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer, with a degree of dispersion of 400-500 m ² / kg, ensures the achievement of a technical result consisting in lowering the water-hard ratio and increasing compressive strength and bending, improving decorative properties; increasing reflection coefficient; expanding the color range of the resulting tiles.

The decrease in the water-solid ratio upon receipt of the facing tile occurs due to the use of a new generation of non-clinker binder plasticizing additive - the Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer - a powder product obtained by spray drying based on a modified polyester carboxylate. When a hyperplasticizer is introduced into the concrete mixture, it adsorbes on the solid surface of the grains of clinker-free binder and sand and creates a thickened shell with a significant negative potential on the surface, thereby increasing the repulsion effect of water molecules and the mobility of the concrete mixture. The effect of increasing the compressive and bending strength of the tiles is due to a decrease in the water-hard ratio by 20-25% with the same mobility of the molding mixture. A decrease in the water-solid ratio leads to a decrease in the porosity of the finished facing tile and, accordingly, to an increase in strength indicators. In addition, the introduction of hyperplasticizer allows the molding of tiles without the use of vibration and to obtain a smooth high-quality front surface of products of various shapes.

The decorative properties of the tiles are improved by using a clinker-free binder, the whiteness of which, as determined by the colorimetric method, is 60-70%, while in Portland cement this figure is 20-30% depending on its mineralogical composition.

The range of tiles is expanded through the use of pigments of various colors, the content of which ranges from 2-6% by weight of clinker-free binder.

The production of facing tiles with a grade of strength M400 using a clinker-free binder, with its content of 30-40% by weight, allows to obtain its optimal construction and technical properties.

When reducing the consumption of clinker-free binder, including perlite, quicklime, gypsum, Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer, by less than 30% by weight, a significant decrease in strength occurs due to a decrease in the active component of the binder-lime, which plays the role of an alkaline-earth activator of perlite hardening. The content of clinker-free binder in the composition of the facing tile should be reduced only to the optimal limits, since this leads to a decrease in lime content, and lime plays a crucial role in the synthesis of calcium hydrosilicates and hydroaluminates, both under normal conditions and during heat and moisture treatment, in the formation of the structure of artificial stone and ensuring its construction and technical properties.

And an increase in the consumption of non-clinker binder, including perlite, quicklime, gypsum, Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer, by more than 40%, leads to a significant decrease in the water-hard ratio due to an increase in the content of the Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer, despite the decrease in the water-hard ratio, leads to a decrease in the strength of the tiles due to the lack of water for the hydration reaction of the clinker-free binder.

A quantitative change in the components of the resulting mixture for the production of facing tiles, wt.%: Clinker-free binder - 30-40, sand - 60-70 allows you to vary the composition without a noticeable change in strength indicators.

Deviation of the content of clinker-free binder from the specified limits to a smaller side leads to the fact that in the mixture obtained during hardening calcium hydrosilicates are not formed in sufficient quantities, the formation of which determines the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of the tiles. The result is a low strength of the obtained samples. And the deviation of the content of clinker-free binder leads to a significant reduction in water consumption due to an increase in the content of plasticizing additives - Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer, which affects the rheological properties of the molding mixture and reduces the strength of the facing material.

The components of the clinker-free binder composition for obtaining the facing tiles are selected so that the samples obtained have maximum strength indicators.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find a source characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed composition of the tiles. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, which is closer to the totality of the features of the analogue, allowed us to establish a set of essential distinguishing features set forth in the claims in relation to the technical result perceived by the applicant.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the conditions of "novelty" and "inventive step".

To obtain the proposed composition of the mixture for the production of facing tiles, quicklime of the Turuntaevsky plant of building materials, perlite of the Mukhor-Talinsky deposit (Republic of Buryatia), gypsum stone of the Zalarinsky deposit (Irkutsk region), quartz-feldspar sand for construction work in accordance with GOST 8736-85, hyperplasticizer are used Melflux 2651 F. The chemical composition of the starting materials is presented in table 1.

Table 1
The chemical composition of raw materials Component The content of oxides, by weight,% SiO ₂ Al ₂ About ₃ Cao Fe ₂ O ₃ MgO K ₂ O Na ₂ O FeO SO ₃ ppp Raw Perlite 71,4 12.1 0.52 0.77 0.37 3.21 5.2 0.43 - 5.87 Sand 76.02 15.06 3.47 3,51 1.98 - 0.12 - - 1,6

Grade III quicklime (activity 75%) is used, the content of “burn-out” is not more than 2%, the rate of extinguishing is 5 minutes (quick-extinguishing), highly exothermic (t = 91 ° C).

Gypsum stone of the Zalarinskoye deposit is used as an accelerator for setting clinker-free binder. The content of CaSO ₄ · 2H ₂ O in gypsum stone is not less than 96% by weight. The fineness of gypsum stone grinding, characterized by the residue on sieve No. 02, is not more than 13%, which meets the requirements of GOST 125-79 for gypsum grade G-5.

Three compositions are prepared to obtain a facing tile, wt.%: Clinker-free binder - 30-40 and sand - 60-70 (compositions 1-3), respectively, including wt.%: Perlite - 21.0; 22.7; 24.3; quicklime - 7.8; 10.9; fourteen; gypsum - 1.14; 1.37; 1.6; Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer - 0.060; 0.03; 0.1; quartz-feldspar sand - 60; 65; 70. At the same time, two mixtures are prepared to obtain a facing tile with an exorbitant content of clinker-free binder to confirm optimality (compositions 4 and 5), including, respectively, wt.%: Perlite - 14; 30.5; quicklime - 5.1; 17.5; gypsum - 0.85; 1.88; Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer - 0.05; 0.120; quartz-feldspar sand - 50; 80. In addition, prepare well-known concrete mixes based on Portland cement, wt.%: Portland cement - 19.5-20.1; crushed stone - 48.2-48.4; sand - 30.0-31.5; superplasticizer C-3 - 0.21-0.50; powder bentonite - 0.4-1.2 (prototype), (compositions 6 and 7), (see table 2).

table 2 Mixtures No. comp. The content of components, wt.% HRC lime perlite gypsum Melflux 2651 F S-3 sand crushed stone bentonite Proposed one - 7.8 21.0 1.14 0,060 - 70 - - 2 - 10.9 22.7 1.37 0,03 - 65 - - 3 - fourteen 24.3 1,6 0.1 - 60 - - For optimality four - 5.10 fourteen 0.85 0.05 80 - 5 - 17.5 30.5 1.88 0,120 - fifty - - Famous (prototype) 6 20.1 - - - - 0.5 30,0 48,2 1,2 7 19.5 - - - - 0.20 31.5 48,4 0.4

The clinker-free binder is prepared by co-milling finely chopped quicklime, perlite, gypsum and Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer in a vibration mill with a predetermined ratio (mixture 1-5) to a specific surface of 450-500 m ² / kg for 1-3 minutes. Dosed quantities of lime-perlite binder, sand enter the concrete mixer, where the components are thoroughly mixed for 3 minutes. Samples are formed by vibrocasting (water-solid ratio - 0.36-0.38), for 10-20 s, into plastic molds 5 × 5 × 5 cm. Vibrocasting is used to obtain a smooth tile surface and uniform distribution of components. The samples can withstand 12 hours in humid conditions, after which they are subjected to heat and humidity treatment at a temperature of 90 ° C according to the regime of 1.5 + 6 + 1.5 hours

Known compositions are prepared as follows: Portland cement, sand, gravel and bentonite are thoroughly mixed in a concrete mixer for 3-5 minutes, shut with water until samples are obtained with the same mobility (water-solid ratio - 0.40-0.42), the addition of superplasticizer C -3 is introduced with mixing water, the samples are steamed in the same mode. The test samples are tested for strength after 3 and 28 days after heat and moisture treatment.

Facing tiles based on the proposed and known compositions had the following characteristics (see table 3).

Table 3 Composition No. The limit of compressive strength, MPa at the age of 3 days after heat-moisture treatment at the age of 28 days after heat-moisture treatment one 35 38.5 2 37 43 3 41 46 four 25 32 5 28 35 6 38.7 44.7 7 36,4 42,4

Analysis of the results (table 3) allows us to draw the following conclusions:

- the strength of facing tiles based on clinker-free binder increases from 35-41 MPa at the age of 3 days after heat and moisture treatment, up to 38.5-46 MPa at the age of 28 days after heat and moisture treatment;

- the introduction of the Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer into the clinkerless binder reduces the water-hard ratio by 10% compared to Portland cement with C-3 superplasticizer upon obtaining the same mobility of the molding mixtures, increasing the strength of the tiles based on it;

- the strength of the tiles based on the clinker-free binder, with its consumption of 40% in the mixture, is higher than the strength of the tiles based on Portland cement by an average of 5-10%.

Examples confirming the receipt of tiles based on a cementless binder.

Example 1. Perlite, quicklime, gypsum and Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer are pre-mixed and then subjected to joint mechanical activation in a vibration eraser to a powder state with S _beats = 450-500 m ² / kg. Add sand and mix thoroughly. The content of components in the mixture, in wt.%:

1. Perlite - 21.0;

2. Quicklime - 7.8;

3. Gypsum - 1.14;

4. Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer - 0.060;

5. Sand - 70.

After mixing with water (water-to-water ratio - 0.38), samples 5 × 5 × 5 cm are formed by vibrocasting for 10–20 sec. The samples are subjected to heat-moisture treatment at a temperature of 90 ° С according to the regime of 1.5 + 6 + 1.5 h .

The compressive strength at the age of 28 days after heat and moisture treatment is 38.5 MPa.

Example 2. Carried out analogously to example 1, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

1. Perlite - 22.7;

2. Quicklime - 10.9;

3. Gypsum - 1.37;

4. Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer - 0.03;

5. Sand - 65.

The compressive strength at the age of 28 days after heat and moisture treatment is 43.0 MPa.

Example 3. Carried out analogously to example 1, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

1. Perlite - 24.3;

2. Quicklime - 14;

3. Plaster - 1.6;

4. Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer - 0.1;

5. Sand - 60.

The compressive strength at the age of 28 days after heat and moisture treatment is 46.0 MPa.

Table 4 shows comparative data on the characteristics of tiles based on clinker-free binder, obtained according to the invention, in comparison with the prototype.

Table 4 Physicotechnical Properties Units Clinker-based binder tiles Portland cement based tile Average density kg / m ³ 2060 2410 Water solid ratio - 0.36-0.38 0.40-0.42 Compression strength 28 days after TVO MPa 38.5-46 42.4-44.7 Bending strength MPa 6.5 6.1 Water absorption % by weight 3,5 3,7 Water resistance K _size 0.88-0.90 0.92-0.94 Frost resistance CYCLES 290 290 Shrinkage % 1.3 1.3 Reflection coefficient % 60-70 20-30 Cost price rub / m ² 243.71 286.64

Thus, the proposed composition for producing tiles based on clinker-free binder has the following advantages compared to the prototype (See RF patent No. 2131856, publ. 10.07.2000):

- the mechanochemical activation of the lime-perlite binder together with the Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer allows to obtain a facing tile based on it with compressive and bending strengths on average 5-10% higher than the strength of a facing tile based on Portland cement;

- the introduction of Melflux 2651 F non-clinker binder hyperplasticizer into the composition allows to reduce the water-hard ratio by 10% to obtain a facing tile, the molding mixture of which has the same mobility with the mixture based on Portland cement;

- increased reflection coefficient and degree of whiteness in comparison with facing tiles based on Portland cement;

- reduced cost per 1 m ^{2 of} tile compared to facing tiles based on Portland cement, due to the lower cost of materials used in a cementless binder.

The proposed composition of the facing tiles can be used in the production of facing materials for interior decoration and can be used in construction and finishing works, which allows us to conclude that the proposed invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

Cladding tiles made from a mixture, including a binder with a plasticizing additive and quartz-feldspar sand, characterized in that as a binder a clinker-free binder containing perlite, quicklime, gypsum is used, and as a plasticizing additive - Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer in the following ratio components, wt.%: perlite 21-24.3 quicklime 7.8-14 gypsum 1.14-1.60 Melflux 2651 F hyperplasticizer 0,060-0,1 silica feldspar sand 60-70