RU2338965C2 - Contact water heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: contact water heater contains burner with water jacket that surrounds it and device for fuel supply, tank that is conventionally separated into liquid and gas cavities, where the latter is equipped with partitions with formation of chambers that communicated to smoke stack, and utilizer of waste gas heat. Device for fuel supply is arranged for supply of mixture of electrolyte water solution and fuel through nozzle with cavitator into burner, which is arranged in the form of electrode-catalysts of volt arc, which are made with the possibility of ignition and suppression of volt arc and with the possibility of dissociation, ionisation, ignition and conversion to plasma of mixture vapors volt arc burning zone, and installed in burner.

EFFECT: increase of economic and ecological efficiency.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used for autonomous supply of hot water and heating dispersed residential and industrial facilities.

Known contact water heater M.S.Zhivova, which contains a burner with an ejector sucking water from the surrounding water jacket and feeding it into the nozzle, where contact heat exchange takes place, and a gas duct with a waste gas heat exchanger with cold or return water, which is then fed to the burner water jacket.

[A.S. USSR No. 142749, F24H 1/44, 1961]

The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity, large mass and overall dimensions and the inappropriateness of the water heater for autonomous heat supply of dispersed small objects.

Closest to the proposed invention is a contact water heater containing a burner with a surrounding water jacket and a fuel supply device, a container divided into liquid and gas cavities, where the latter is equipped with guide baffles with the formation of chambers in communication with the gas duct. The flue is equipped with a waste gas heat utilizer, which in the heat supply system is in communication with the consumer and the burner water jacket.

[RF patent No. 2183800, F24H 1/10, 06/20/2002]

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the use of petroleum in the work, which is expensive and environmentally dangerous.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase the economic and environmental efficiency of a contact water heater.

The problem is solved in that in a contact water heater containing a burner with a water jacket surrounding it and a fuel supply device, a container conditionally divided into liquid and gas cavities, where the latter is equipped with partitions with the formation of chambers in communication with the chimney, and a waste gas heat recovery unit . The fuel supply device is configured to feed and spray a mixture of an electrolyte / aqueous electrolyte solution / and fuel, for example methyl alcohol, through a nozzle with a cavitator, for example, local narrowing of the nozzle channel into the burner. The burner is made in the form of volt / electric / arc electrodes, the electrodes of which with the possibility of supplying direct electric current to them, ignition and quenching of the volt arc and with the possibility of dissociation, ionization, ignition and conversion into plasma of the mixture vapor passing through the combustion zone of the volt arc are installed in the burner . In this case, one of the electrodes of the volt arc can be made movable, for example, the cathode is made by a movable electromagnet when igniting the volt arc, the other, the anode, is made by a nozzle. The waste gas heat utilizer can be arranged to be sprayed in parallel, for example, through a simple atomizer of return and make-up water into the chambers of the gas cavity of the vessel and into the water jacket of the burner. And the electrodes of the voltaic arc can be performed with catalytic properties, for example, sprayed with platinum black.

The invention is schematically shown in the drawing.

An example of the implementation of the proposed solution.

The contact water heater contains a nozzle 1 with a cavitator (not shown) for feeding and spraying a mixture of an aqueous solution of electrolyte and fuel, for example alcohol, into a burner 2 made in the form of electrodes 3 — a cathode and 4 — an anode of a volt / electric / arc sprayed with a catalyst. In this case, one of the electrodes - the cathode - is made movable, for example, moved by an electromagnet 5 when igniting a volt arc, the other is made by a nozzle, and the burner itself is equipped with a water jacket 6 surrounding it with a nozzle 7. A container 8, conditionally divided into a liquid 9 and gas 10 cavity, where the latter is equipped with partitions 11 with the formation of chambers 12 in communication with the chimney 13. The waste gas heat utilizer is capable of parallel atomization of the return from the consumer 14 and make-up water through the atomizer 15 into the gas chambers cavity cavities and sprayer 16 into the water jacket of the burner. Instrumentations / instrumentation /, regulating the operating parameters in the tank and in the burner, are not shown in the drawing.

Contact water heater operates as follows.

To start the water heater to work, the return from the consumer 14 and make-up water through the nozzles 16 and 15 are respectively supplied to the water jacket 6 of the burner 2 and to the tank 8. Then, a constant electric current is supplied to the catalyst electrodes 3 and 4 of the volt / electric / arc and the electromagnet is turned on 5 make a short contact with the end of the cathode 3 to the anode 4 and ignite the volt arc. Then, through a nozzle 1 with a cavitator and under the control of a control device, a mixture of electrolyte, for example, an aqueous solution of caustic potassium, and fuel, for example methyl alcohol, is fed and sprayed into burner 2, where the volt arc is already burning. Due to cavitation, the mixture in the nozzle cavitator 1 partially dissociates, ionizes, and its droplets are finest sprayed. Then the mixture, cooling the electrodes-catalysts 3 and 4, turns into steam and due to the flow of direct current through the electrolyte, it also dissociates and ionizes, while the dissociation reaction is accelerated by the presence of a catalyst. After this, the mixture already with excess pressure enters the combustion zone of the voltaic arc and under its influence it finally dissociates, ionizes, ignites and, turning into a plasma, also with excess pressure and already with a temperature of the order of 6000 ° C leaves the nozzle of the anode 4. Return make-up water supplied by the sprayer 16 to the water jacket 6 of the burner 2, cools its walls and then this water is sucked into the nozzle 7 of the water jacket 6, leaving the nozzle of the anode 4 by a plasma jet, where contact heat exchange occurs. The water heated in this way is collected in the liquid cavity 9 of the container 8 and from there it is supplied to the consumer 14. The combustion products of the mixture with a still high temperature entering the container 8 through the chambers 12 formed by the partitions 11 in its gas cavity 10, changing direction, speed and pressure in these chambers 12, they move towards the chimney 13. In this case, when the hot gases move down the chambers 12 of the gas cavity 10, they come into contact with the liquid of the liquid cavity 9 and give off their heat to it, and when moving upwards the gases are irrigated clean and make-up water from the nebulizers 15, where contact heat exchange also occurs, which determines the high efficiency of the device in operation. Then cooled and environmentally friendly gases enter the chimney 13 and are thrown into the environment. To stop the water heater, stop supplying direct current to the electrodes and extinguish the volt arc and then turn off the water supply to the jacket of the burner 2.

The proposed contact water heater in manufacture is simple, inexpensive, in operation highly economical and environmentally absolutely harmless. It will be widely used for autonomous heat supply of dispersed residential and industrial facilities.

Claims (4)

1. A contact water heater containing a burner with a water jacket surrounding it and a fuel supply device, a container conventionally divided into liquid and gas cavities, where the latter is equipped with baffles with the formation of chambers in communication with the chimney, and a waste gas heat exchanger, characterized in that the fuel supply device is configured to feed and atomize a mixture of an electrolyte (an aqueous electrolyte solution) and fuel through a nozzle with a cavitator into a burner made in the form of volt electrodes (electric e) arc, the electrodes of which are made with the possibility of supplying a constant electric current to them, igniting and extinguishing the voltaic arc and with the possibility of dissociation, ionization, ignition and conversion into plasma of the mixture vapors passing through the combustion zone of the voltaic arc, are installed in the burner. 2. The water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the electrodes of the volt arc is made movable when the volt arc is ignited, the other is made by a nozzle. 3. The water heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the voltaic arc electrodes are made with catalytic properties. 4. The water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust gas heat utilizer is configured to parallelly spray reverse and make-up water into the chambers of the gas cavity of the vessel and into the burner water jacket.