RU2338673C1 - Decorative material and method of its production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: packing.

SUBSTANCE: decorative material is made in form of flexible net, consisting of placed in random order and glued to each other strips, representing preliminary combed bast, or fibre of beaten flax or their combination. Method of said material production lies in combing bast by dividing it into short strips (tow) and longer strips, which are further used for making fringe or loops. On special grid thin layer of tow in form of net is placed, on it thin layer of beaten flax fibre is placed in form of net as well. Between these layers layer of longer bast strips can be placed. Layers together with grid are twirled in roll, which is subjected to a number of technological operations, after which obtained material is steamed with simultaneous smoothing.

EFFECT: increase of ecological cleanness of production; use of material; facilitating its utilisation.

24 cl, 6 dwg, 8 ex

Description

The group of inventions relates mainly to a layered material made from plant substances having a special purpose and shape and method of its manufacture. In particular, it can be intended for packing bouquets of flowers, and can also be used as a basis for collages, a filler for baskets; when decorating the interiors of premises; window dressing of shops, etc.

Widely known packaging materials for flowers in the form of sheets of cellophane or nets of polymeric material.

These materials are not environmentally friendly, and the method of their manufacture is associated with environmental pollution.

The technical problem to which this invention was directed is to create an original packaging material that uses environmentally friendly natural raw materials in its manufacture, and also allows not to harm the environment, and after its use it is easy to dispose of or use for needs, for example, rural farms as a baking powder, etc.

In addition, the packaging for flowers made of the proposed decorative material provides convenience and hygiene during its operation.

The problem is solved in the invention due to the following set of features.

The decorative material is made in the form of a flexible grid, consisting of randomly arranged and glued together strips representing a pre-combed bast, or fibers of shredded linen, or a combination of these materials.

The width of the strips of combed bast lies in the range of 1 ÷ 5 mm.

The material can be made in the form of a rolled web, which has a fringe of strips of combed bast, located at least on one of its long sides or on one of the long sides of the web loops are formed.

The material can be made in the form of a napkin with a hole, at the edges of which, on the outside and / or from the side of the hole, a fringe is made of strips of combed bast.

The material may be in the form of a truncated cone with a fringe of strips of combed bast, located on one or both of its edges.

The material can be made in the form of a deployed fan with a fringe from strips of combed bast, located on one or both of its edges.

The material may further comprise leaves, and / or flowers, and / or inflorescences, and / or strips of bark of plants and / or trees, and / or feathers of birds.

A method of manufacturing a decorative material consists in first combing the bast, as a result of which individual strips of different lengths and widths are obtained, the shorter of which, the so-called tow, are randomly laid with a thin layer on a flexible grid, a thin layer is applied to this layer in the form of a grid of randomly arranged fibers of scruffy flax, while these layers alternate with each other the required number of times, after which the lattice with the semi-finished product is rolled up, fixed from unfolding and the prefabricated product is bleached, then it is rinsed and dried, then the lattice with the semi-finished product is expanded and the bleached strips of carded bast are glued and the fibers of the frayed linen are glued together, then the lattice with the glued semi-finished product is dried, after which the resulting material is separated from the lattice and steamed while smoothing.

To obtain a decorative material with a fringe or loops at the edges, the tow layer is laid out at a predetermined distance from the edges of the lattice along its entire length, then long strips of pre-combed bast are applied in the transverse direction so that they appear in the form of a fringe or loops with one or fibers of both long sides of the tow bed, then at a given distance from the edges of the grating along the entire length of the towed fiber.

Before combing, the bast is cut into pieces of the required length.

In the proposed method, a lattice of polymer material or stainless steel wire is used.

Folding the lattice with the semi-finished product is carried out in a tight roll so that the first meter of the lattice is rolled into a roll with an inner diameter of 50 ÷ 100 mm.

The fixation of the roll with the semi-finished product is carried out in several places using, for example, twine.

When bleaching, at least one roll of semi-finished product is vertically installed in a container for bleaching with pre-heated water.

The composition of the bleaching reagent includes: water, 38% hydrogen peroxide, soda ash; caustic soda and liquid glass.

Bleaching is carried out in a boiling composition for 4 ÷ 6 hours.

After bleaching, followed by rinsing, the prefabricated roll is dyed with tinted paste or aniline dyes diluted in water.

Bonding strips of combed bast and fibers of scruffy flax is carried out using water-diluted universal PVA glue or varnish in a ratio of 1 ÷ 1.

Bonding can be carried out by spraying glue or by rubbing it with a sponge through a pre-superimposed mesh with 2 ÷ 4 mm mesh made of a polymer material or stainless steel wire.

Gluing and staining processes can also be carried out simultaneously thanks to the pre-painted universal PVA glue.

Drying of the semi-finished product is carried out with hot air with a temperature of 40 ÷ 80 ° C.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig.1-2 schematically depicts options for decorative material in the form of a canvas; figure 3 is the same in the form of a napkin; figure 4 is a section aa in figure 3; figure 5 is the same in the form of a cone; figure 6 is the same in the form of a fan.

The decorative material shown in Fig. 1 is made in the form of a web 1 of strips 2 intersecting each other in random order, which is a tow obtained from a pre-combed bast (option 1), fibers of a flutter of flax flax (option 2), or a combination thereof (option 3 ) In the course of combing the bast, in addition to towing (short and thin fibers), longer fibers with a length of 950 ÷ 1000 mm are obtained, from which later a fringe 3 is formed, laying strips 1 to 5 mm wide in parallel rows at a distance from each other.

Figure 2 shows a variant of the canvas, in which elongated loops 4 are formed from longer strips of combed bast.

Strips 2 and 3 or strips 2 and 4 (FIGS. 1, 2) are fastened together, for example, using universal PVA glue.

The decorative material used as a package for flowers can also be made in the form of a flat napkin 5 (Figs. 3, 4) having an opening 6 made, for example, in the middle of the napkin. A fringe 7 and / or loop 8 may be formed at the edges of the napkin from the outside or from the side of the hole from strips of combed bast radially placed on the napkin.

The fringe tail 9, formed from the side of the hole 6 (Fig. 4), is intended to be placed outside the flower stems, passed through the hole 6 of the napkin, and provides convenience and hygiene when the package is operated by the consumer.

Decorative material can also be made in the form of a bag 10 (Fig. 5), having a conical shape, for example, on one edge of which a fringe is formed in the form of a tail 9, and on the other - a loop 8.

The decorative material shown in Fig.6 is made in the form of a fan 11 with a fringe 7 formed from both its edges, and from the side of the narrow edge - in the form of a ponytail 9.

To enhance the decorative effect, the proposed material can be combined with dried leaves of trees and shrubs, flowers and inflorescences of garden and wildflowers, thin strips of tree bark and / or bird feathers.

The following are specific examples of the manufacture of decorative material.

I. Preparation of raw materials

Flax flax seedweed purchased at the flax mill. The whole spectrum of long fiber can be used, as well as short from the 14th number to the 2nd number, and flax batting can also be used.

The bast is chopped into meter-long sections and then combed on a special scallop in order to delaminate it into thin strips with a width of 1 mm to 5 mm and a length of 5 mm to 1000 mm. In the process of combing bast two types of raw materials are formed. A tow consisting of thin and short fibers formed as a result of breaking off longer fibers and a long fringe with a width of 1 mm to 5 mm and a length of 1000 mm - 950 mm.

II. Product Layout

The product is laid out on a folding table. A special lattice is rolled out on the table, capable of withstanding the boiling temperature of water and an aggressive acidic environment during technological processes. In this case, plaster mesh and plastic garden grates are used. It is possible to use stainless steel wire mesh, but due to the high cost and heavy weight, preference is given to cheaper and lighter plastic.

A grid is placed on the folding table, according to which, depending on the required dimensions of the future product, workers will orient themselves, considering the various components of the canvas. The canvas can have various sizes and types. For example:

- Decorative canvas without fringe;

- Decorative canvas with fringe on both sides;

- Decorative canvas with a fringe on one side.

It is also possible to lay out individual wipes, cones, etc.

Dimensions:

- Width 1 m, length 10 m;

- Width 0.5 m, on both sides there is a fringe with a length of 20-25 cm;

- Width 0.5 m, on one side there is a fringe 0.5 m long.

If the fabric without fringe is made over the entire width of the lattice with an even thin layer, the tow from the bast is laid out, after which this layer is covered with an even thin layer of scuffed linen. After that, the folding lattice is rolled up so that the first meter of such a lattice is folded into a tube with an inner diameter of at least 100 mm, after which the entire lattice is folded as tight as possible so that the decomposed semi-finished product is fixed between the layers of the lattice. After that, with the help of twine and a hook, the resulting roll is tied in many places so that in the future it does not unwind and the decomposed layers of plant material are not damaged.

In order to get a roll with a fringe (Fig. 1), the first layer of tow bast 0.5 m wide is applied symmetrically to the center of the table on the grate. After that, the fringe itself is laid out with a thin uniform second layer with the expectation that the fringe protrudes 20-25 cm beyond the edges of the first layer on both sides. After that, the third layer of scruffy linen is applied. Then the lattice is rolled up and fixed as in the first case.

To obtain single items in the form of napkins (Figs. 3, 4), a stencil of the proposed product is applied to the folding table, where the areas to be laid out with different materials are painted with different colors, and in the place where you want to release the tail of the napkin, it is done in the table and grate hole. First lay the tow from the bast. Then a fringe bundle is passed into the hole in the grate and table for a length of 10-15 cm and spread evenly in a circle. Moreover, variants are possible when the fringe will be simply straight and not glued subsequently, but it may be curly laid out in the form of chamomile or just all kinds of delicate curls, which can later be fixed with glue. After the fringe is decomposed, it is covered with a thin layer of scruffy flax. Depending on the size (diameter) of the napkin, one to one and a half napkins can fit on one linear meter of the lattice.

After the layout is completed, the grill is rolled up. But in the case of napkins, when the first napkin begins to twist, a fringed tail appears on the back of the net, which can damage the next napkin. In order to prevent this from happening, it is evenly distributed and pressed to the grate with a small piece of a finer plaster mesh and wound the roll further, covering each subsequent tail with a piece of such a mesh. After the roll has been wound, it is also carefully tied to avoid displacement of the product layers.

III. Bleaching

The following ingredients are used for bleaching:

1) hydrogen peroxide 38%;

2) soda ash;

3) caustic soda;

4) liquid glass;

5) water;

6) stainless steel or plastic container;

7) electric TENI stainless.

It is also possible to use any source of heat that can boil water.

Rolled coils with the product are installed vertically in a container with hot (70 ° C) water so that they are completely covered by water. After that, they are clamped with a grate so that chemicals do not float and are added to the water. For 1.5 m ^{3 of} water: 1.5 l - 2 l of hydrogen peroxide 38%; 150-300 g of soda ash; 20-30 g of caustic soda and 150-200 g of liquid glass. The composition is brought to a boil and whitened for 4-6 hours until completely bleached.

IV. Rinsing

After the product is bleached, the rolls are removed from the barrel and rinsed in containers with running water by soaking.

V. Coloring

If it is necessary to color the product in a container with water, tinting paste or aniline dyes are diluted to obtain the desired color saturation and the product is dropped into the resulting paint in a roll. After that, the roll is allowed to drain for 10 minutes.

VI. Sizing

In order to glue the decomposed, bleached and, if necessary, painted product, the roll is deployed on a gluing table. After that, universal PVA glue diluted with water 1 ÷ 1 is applied (varnishes and water-based acrylic primers can also be used). The glue can be applied in several ways: by spraying from a spray gun or by rubbing it with a sponge through a stainless or plastic mesh previously laid on the product with cells from 2 to 4 mm.

VII.

After a uniform layer of glue is applied to the product, the roll is again rolled up and brought into the drying chamber, where it is rolled out on special shelves. Hot air is supplied to the chamber and a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C is maintained.

Viii. Packaging

After the canvas or product dries, it is thanks to the fleece spread out from the bast that can be easily separated from the net and rolled up, after which it enters the packaging workshop. There it is ironed and steamed with an iron. If necessary, the fringe is combed and the finished decorative material is packaged.

Depending on which product you want to get more openwork and thinner or denser, different ratios between the amount of bast (bast) and the amount of flax or a different number of layers from them are allowed.

It is also possible to obtain finished products using this technology only from flax or only from bast, and it is also possible to change the order of the expanded layers, i.e. first flax, then fringe and then tow. It is also possible to add various leaflets of plants, flowers, inflorescences of field plants, feathers, the bark of various trees, for example, from willow twigs, for decorative decoration of the canvas.

The decorative material made by the above method can be used as: floristic material, gift wrapping, basics for making collages, window dressing for shops, filler for baskets, for wall finishing by pressing it into wet plaster, followed by coating with paint or varnish. This material opens up great opportunities for designers. And such products as a napkin with a tail allow even an inexperienced florist to quickly assemble and pack a beautiful bouquet, which is especially important during the holiday season.

Claims (24)

1. Decorative material made in the form of a flexible grid, consisting of randomly arranged and glued together strips representing a pre-combed bast, or fibers of shredded linen, or combinations of these materials. 2. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the strips of the combed bast lies in the range of 1-5 mm. 3. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a rolled web. 4. The material according to claim 3, characterized in that the fabric has a fringe of strips of combed bast located at least on one of its long sides. 5. The material according to claim 3, characterized in that loops are formed on one of the long sides of the web. 6. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a napkin with a hole, at the edges of which, on the outside and / or from the side of the hole, a fringe is made of strips of combed bast. 7. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that it has the shape of a truncated cone with a fringe from strips of combed bast, located on one or both of its edges. 8. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a deployed fan with a fringe from strips of combed bast, located on one or both of its edges. 9. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises leaves, and / or flowers, and / or inflorescences, and / or strips of bark of plants and / or trees, and / or feathers of birds. 10. A method of manufacturing a decorative material, which consists in first combing the bast, as a result of which individual strips of different lengths and widths are obtained, the shorter of which, the so-called tow, are randomly laid with a thin layer on a flexible grate, overlaid on this layer a thin layer in the form of a grid of randomly arranged fibers of scruffy flax, while these layers alternate with each other the required number of times, after which the lattice with the semi-finished product is rolled up, fix it from unfolded I bleach the semifinished product, after which it is rinsed and dried, then the lattice with the semifinished product is unfolded and the bleached strips of combed bast and the fibers of the scruffy linen are glued together, then the lattice with the glued semifinished product is dried, after which the resulting material is separated from the lattice and steamed while being smoothed . 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that to obtain a decorative material with a fringe or loops at the edges, the tow layer is laid out at a predetermined distance from the edges of the grate along its entire length, then long strips of pre-combed bast are applied in the transverse direction so so that they appear in the form of a fringe or loops on one or both long sides of the tow layer, then at a given distance from the edges of the lattice along the entire length of it lay the fibers of scruffy linen. 12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that before combing, the bast is cut into pieces of the required length. 13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that it uses a lattice of a polymeric material or stainless steel wire. 14. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the folding of the lattice with the semi-finished product is carried out in a tight roll so that the first meter of the lattice is rolled into a roll with an inner diameter of 50-100 mm 15. The method according to claim 10 or 14, characterized in that the fixation of the roll with the semi-finished product is carried out in several places using, for example, twine. 16. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that when bleaching, at least one roll of semi-finished product is vertically installed in a container for bleaching with pre-heated water. 17. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the composition of the bleaching reagent includes: water, 38% hydrogen peroxide, soda ash, caustic soda and liquid glass. 18. The method according to claim 10 or 17, characterized in that the whitening is carried out in a boiling composition for 4-6 hours 19. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that after bleaching, followed by rinsing, the semi-finished roll is colored with a tinted paste or aniline dyes diluted in water. 20. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the gluing of strips of combed bast and fibers of scruffy linen is carried out using water-diluted universal PVA glue or varnish in a ratio of 1 ÷ 1. 21. The method according to claim 10 or 20, characterized in that the bonding is carried out by spraying glue. 22. The method according to p. 10 or 20, characterized in that the gluing is carried out by rubbing with a sponge through a mesh pre-superimposed on a semi-finished product with cells 2-4 mm, made of a polymeric material or stainless steel wire. 23. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the gluing and staining are carried out simultaneously thanks to the pre-painted universal PVA glue. 24. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the drying is carried out with hot air with a temperature of 40-80 ° C.

Images