RU2336509C1 - Device for dynamic alignment of rotors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, measurement.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to measurement equipment. Device includes bed plate with support installed on it for aligned object, on which one end of elastic elements of the first vibration perceiving system is fixed, the second end of which is connected to rotor installation seat, rotary motor, alignment holder, braking unit and the second vibration perceiving system, detector of rotation and two vibration detectors, connected with imbalance measuring device. Bed plate is arranged with cross section in the form of two vertical double tees that are symmetrically installed and adjacent to each other, forming top and bottom solid surfaces, and also internal and external cavities, at that flat plates with rigidly fixed guides are evenly installed on the top solid surface. The first and the second support inbuilt in device are installed on guides, at that one end of elastic elements of the second vibration perceiving system is fixed on the second support, and the second end of elastic elements of the same vibration perceiving system is connected with the second installation seat for aligned rotor, which is introduced in the device and installed in the second support. Braking unit is installed in external cavity of bed plate.

EFFECT: higher test acuracy.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to measuring technique and can be used for balancing rotors with a ratio of length to diameter of more than two.

There is a stand of the MC series (Information leaflet of the State Enterprise MZOR, Belarus). The bed is made in the form of a single module, the upper side of which serves as guides for movable supports. To ensure vibration resistance, the bed has a large mass, and the rotation motor controls are located in a separate cabinet, which complicates the design of the stand.

There is a stand of the BM-300 series (Diamekh 2000 firm, Russia Information Leaflet). The stand supports move along cylindrical guides mounted on a flat bed. The nomenclature of the products being balanced is limited in weight, since the guides are spaced apart and the rigidity of the mechanical system in the transverse direction is insufficient.

The imbalance caused by the elements of the drive units, which changes as they wear, is not taken into account. This reduces the accuracy of the balancing.

There is a horizontal stand for balancing (catalog of the company SCHENK, Federal Republic of Germany "Universal balancing machines"), which has a massive continuous bed with guides connected to it, along which the supports move with a vibration-sensing system associated with an oscillation sensor and an imbalance measuring system.

Since the guides are in contact with the bed along the entire length, the deformation of the bed from temperature and external influences is directly transmitted through the supports to the balanced product, and this increases the measurement error.

Technological tolerances on the parts for connecting the drive and the balanced product, as well as their wear during operation, lead to backlash in the joints, which causes additional errors in measuring imbalance.

The primary pressure transducers for bearings, depending on the rotor imbalance, are made in the form of torsions and are structurally combined with the bed, so the influence of the external environment is transmitted from the bed to the primary converters, which reduces the accuracy of the balancing.

There is a device for the dynamic balancing of products (RF patent 2225602, 2004 - taken as a prototype), in which the shaft of the rotation motor is connected to the balanced product directly using a balancing mandrel. The base of the rotation motor through the platform is fixed at one end of the elastic elements of the first vibration-sensing system, the second ends of which are fixed to the bed, which is a massive base of a single or modular design, on which guides are installed with direct contact with the support along the entire length. The installation location for the product being balanced through the elastic elements of the second vibration-sensing system is connected to a support mounted on the bed.

The disadvantage of the device can be considered the weight limit of the balanced rotors, since the latter are fixed at one end directly on the shaft of the rotation motor, which complicates the design of the device, and the large mass of the balanced product mounted on the shaft of the rotation motor can cause bending of the shaft, which increases the imbalance and leads to increase the error in measuring imbalance.

The rigidity of the mechanical system of the device is ensured by the large mass of the bed, which further complicates the design and increases the metal consumption of the device.

All changes that occur with the massive bed from temperature and external mechanical influences are transmitted to the guides and through them the vibration-sensing system to the rotation motor. All this reduces the accuracy of the balancing.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design and improve the accuracy of balancing.

The technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a device for dynamic balancing of rotors containing a frame with a support mounted on it for a balanced product, on which one end of the elastic elements of the first vibration-sensing system is fixed, the second end of which is attached to the mounting location for the rotor, the rotation motor , a balancing mandrel, a braking unit and a second vibration-sensing system, a rotation sensor and two vibration sensors connected to the unbalance meter, it is made with a cross section in the form of two vertical, symmetrically located and adjacent to each other I-beams, forming upper and lower continuous surfaces, as well as internal and external cavities, while flat plates with guides rigidly fixed to them are uniformly placed on the upper continuous surface, on which are mounted the first and second supports introduced into the device, with one end of the elastic elements of the second vibration-sensing system mounted on the second support, and the second end of the elastic elements the same vibration-sensing system is connected to the second mounting position for the balancing rotor introduced into the device and placed on the second support, while the braking unit is located in the outer cavity of the bed.

The technical result is also achieved when an oscillation sensor connected to an unbalance meter is additionally introduced into the inventive device, the fixed part of which is rigidly fixed to the bed, and the movable part of this oscillation sensor has the ability to interact with the balancing mandrel.

In the claimed invention, the use of a bed made of an I-beam in combination with flat plates mounted on a bed on which guides are mounted to move the supports reduces the effect of deformation from the bed side on the guides due to the absence of continuous contact along the entire length of the guides while maintaining their mechanical strength . This reduces the load on the drive to move the supports, increases the accuracy of measurements and simplifies the design of the device. The shape of the flat plates does not matter; their uniform distribution on the bed surface is essential.

The introduction of the second support in combination with the use of flat plates reduces the requirements for mechanical strength and backlash of the thrust bearings of the rotation motor shaft.

The presence in the proposed design of free external volume in the bed allows you to place the elements of the braking unit of the rotation motor, which simplifies the design of the device, for example, eliminates the need for a separate electrical cabinet.

Figure 1 presents the structural diagram of a device for dynamic balancing of rotors.

Figure 2 presents a section AA of the structural diagram of figure 1.

Figure 3 presents a top view of the structural diagram of figure 1.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention to obtain the specified technical result

In known devices, the required rigidity and vibration resistance of the mechanical system are provided due to the large mass of the bed or the use of the foundation for installing the bed.

The implementation of the frame from two standard samples of vertical, symmetrically arranged I-beams, having a variable cross section in the transition from horizontal to vertical, provides sufficient mechanical strength for rotation of rotors with a large mass, reduces the mass of the frame and worsens the conditions for mechanical resonance during rotation of the balanced rotor.

The device for dynamic balancing of rotors contains a frame 1 (Figure 1), consisting of two I-beams 2 (Figure 2), on the upper plane 3 (Figure 2) which are placed flat plates 4 (Figure 3), on which are mounted along the frame guides 5 (FIG. 3), with the first 6 and second 7 supports placed on them (FIG. 1) with the possibility of their movement along the bed along the guides 5 (FIG. 3) and installed in a position determined by the length of the balanced rotor 8 (FIG. one). On the side of the first and second vibration-sensing systems, elastic elements 9 are fixed with their upper parts (Fig. 2), and the lower parts of the same elastic elements 9 are attached to the traverse 10 (Fig. 2), on which two on each traverse of the roller 11 are placed ( Figure 2), having the ability to move in a vertical plane and being a mounting location for a balanced rotor 8 (Figure 1). On the first and second vibration-sensing systems, the bodies of the first 12 and second 13 (FIG. 1) vibration sensors are fixedly mounted, the movable rods of which abut against the elastic elements 9 (FIG. 2) of the first and second (FIG. 1) vibration-sensing systems, respectively. The rotation motor 14 (Figure 1) through the balancing mandrel 15 (Figure 1) is connected to the shaft of the balanced rotor 8 (Figure 1). The rotation sensor 16 (FIG. 1) is mounted on the shaft of the rotation motor 14 (FIG. 1). On the bracket 17 (Figure 1), fixed rigidly to the frame 1 (Figure 1), the housing of the third vibration sensor 18 (Figure 3) is installed, the rod of which interacts with the balancing mandrel 15 (Figure 1). The outputs of the first 12, second 13 (Figure 1) and third 18 (Figure 3) of the vibration sensors and rotation sensor 16 (Figure 1) are connected to the imbalance meter 19 (Figure 1). Elements of the electrical circuit of the braking unit 20 (Figure 2) are placed in the outer cavity 21 (Figure 2) of the frame 1 (Figure 1).

The device operates as follows.

The movable first 6 and second 7 bearings are installed in a position that ensures placement on the rollers 11 of the mounting places of the supporting parts of the balancing rotor 8. After that, the balancing rotor 8 is placed on the mounting places, namely on the rollers 11 and one end of the shaft of the balanced rotor 8 using the balancing mandrel 15 are connected to the shaft of the rotation motor 14.

To determine the imbalance, the rotation engine 14 is started. When the rotor 8 is rotated with an unbalanced mass with a degree of freedom in the horizontal plane, due to the mismatch of the rotation axis and the geometric axis of the balanced rotor 8, periodic forces arise that deflect the elastic elements of the first and second vibration-sensing systems. As a result, the balanced rotor 8 will oscillate on the elastic elements. The oscillation frequency coincides with the engine speed 14, and the amplitude of the oscillations is proportional to the value of the product of the unbalanced mass by the radius of the balanced rotor. The movement of the elastic elements of the first and second vibration-sensing systems is perceived by the first 12 and second 13 vibration sensors, which convert the movement into an electrical signal, which is fed to the imbalance meter 19.

The third vibration sensor 18 senses the radial run-out of the balancing mandrel 15 during rotation of the balancing rotor 8, which, in particular, can be associated with the beating of the shaft of the rotation motor 14 or backlash at the junction of the balancing mandrel 15 and the shaft of the balanced rotor 8. The third vibration sensor 18 converts the movement in an electrical signal, which is in antiphase to the signals from the first 12 and second 13 vibration sensors is fed to the imbalance meter 19.

Experimental studies have shown that the use of the claimed invention allows to simplify the design, which reduces the complexity of manufacturing and its metal consumption up to 15%. At the same time, the accuracy of measuring imbalance is increased by at least 5% for rotors with a mass of 500 kg.

Claims (2)

1. A device for dynamic balancing of rotors, containing a frame with a support mounted on it, for a balanced product, on which one end of the elastic elements of the first vibration-sensing system is fixed, the second end of which is attached to the mounting location for the rotor, a rotation motor, a balancing mandrel, a braking unit and the second vibration-sensing system, a rotation sensor and two vibration sensors connected to the imbalance meter, characterized in that the bed is made with a cross section in the form of two ve of t-beams, symmetrically located and adjacent to each other, forming upper and lower continuous surfaces, as well as internal and external cavities, while on the upper continuous surface there are uniformly flat plates with rigidly fixed guides on them, on which the first and inserted into the device are mounted the second support, and one end of the elastic elements of the second vibration-sensing system is fixed to the second support, and the second end of the elastic elements of the same vibration-sensing system is connected to placed in the device and placed on the second support with a second mounting location for the balancing rotor, while the braking unit is placed in the outer cavity of the bed. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally incorporates an oscillation sensor connected to the imbalance meter, the fixed part of which is rigidly fixed to the bed, and the movable part of this oscillation sensor has the ability to interact with the balancing mandrel.

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