RU233481U1 - APPARATUS FOR SEPARATION OF MIXTURE OF WATER AND HEAVY OIL PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to technologies and equipment for separating a mixture of water and heavy petroleum products with a density close to that of water, such as fuel oil. Technologies and equipment for separating a mixture of water and petroleum products based on the different densities of petroleum products and water are not applicable for separating water and heavy, highly viscous petroleum products, such as certain grades of fuel oil, whose density is close to that of water. A device is proposed for separating a mixture of water and petroleum products with a density close to that of water, the operating principle of which is based on evaporating water from the initial mixture with simultaneous separation of light hydrocarbons from heavy petroleum products. After condensing the water vapor and some of the light hydrocarbons, a mixture of products with different densities is formed, which are separated by settling. The separation products of the initial mixture: heavy petroleum products, water, liquid light hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon gas are separately removed from the device. 1 Fig.

Description

The utility model relates to technologies and equipment for separating a mixture of water and heavy petroleum products, such as fuel oil, with a density close to the density of water.

Technologies and equipment for separating a mixture of water and oil products collected from the surface of a polluted reservoir are known, based on the different densities of oil products and water. For example, according to Russian patent for invention No. 2205260 dated 05/30/2001, centrifugal force acts on the mixture of liquids being separated, while the liquid with a higher density moves to the periphery of the device, and the liquid with a lower density moves to the center of the device. According to Russian patents for inventions No. 2773219 dated 07/29/2021 and No. 2774493 dated 08/10/2021, the separation of mixtures of water and oil products is carried out by settling, while the liquid with a higher density accumulates in the lower part of the apparatus, and the liquid with a lower density - in the upper part of the apparatus.

The listed technologies for separating mixtures of water and oil products, as well as the equipment for their implementation, are suitable for separating water and light oil products, the density of which is significantly (by 10–20%) lower than the density of water. However, the use of these technologies is unacceptable for separating water and heavy, highly viscous oil products, such as some grades of fuel oil, the density of which is close to the density of water.

A heat and mass transfer apparatus is known - an evaporator according to patent No. 2803431 dated 01.03.2023, including a cylindrical body of the apparatus, in which one or several radial-spiral heat exchange blocks are installed vertically along its longitudinal axis. In the inner cylindrical space of the heat exchange blocks, a pipe with an annular partition is installed concentrically to the axis of the apparatus, hermetically fixed to the body of the apparatus. The evaporated medium is fed into the apparatus between the lower heat exchange block and the annular partition and partially evaporates, passing through the heat exchange blocks. Unevaporated liquid flows through the pipe into the lower part of the apparatus and is discharged from it. The gas or vapor phase, if necessary, passes the drip separator and is discharged from the upper part of the apparatus.

The said evaporator can be used to evaporate water from a mixture of water and heavy petroleum products, however, together with water, light hydrocarbons that were dissolved in the original heavy petroleum products, as well as parts of the original petroleum products formed by thermal decomposition during heating, will enter the vapor phase. When the vapors are cooled, water and partly light hydrocarbons will condense, and part of the hydrocarbons will remain in the form of gas. In this case, the densities of water and the liquid phase of the condensed light hydrocarbons will differ significantly. Thus, after using the said evaporator, additional equipment will be required to condense water vapor and light hydrocarbons and then separate them into water, liquid light hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon gas.

The objective of the utility model is to create a design for an apparatus for separating a mixture of water and heavy petroleum products, the density of which is close to the density of water, with a separate outlet from the apparatus for the separation products: heavy petroleum products, water, liquid light hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon gas.

The problem posed in the utility model is solved in the following way.

The apparatus for separating a mixture of water with heavy petroleum products with a density close to that of water, such as fuel oil, is a vertical cylindrical body, in the lower part of which an evaporator is installed, in the middle part a settling tank is located, and in the upper part a condenser is installed.

The evaporator contains one or several sequentially installed radial-spiral heat exchange units formed from elements that are corrugated or flat spiral walls welded in pairs along the upper and lower ends, and the elements are welded together along the side ends and adjoin each other, forming internal spiral-shaped slotted channels for the passage of one medium in the radial-spiral direction, and external spiral-shaped slotted channels for the passage of another medium in the axial direction along the axis of the apparatus. In the internal cylindrical space of the heat exchange units along the axis of the apparatus, an overflow pipe with an annular partition is installed, hermetically secured to the body of the apparatus below the heat exchange units. The branch pipe for supplying the separated medium to the apparatus is located between the partition and the heat exchange units, and the branch pipe for removing heavy oil products is below the partition.

The settling tank is a container formed by the apparatus body and a sealed partition separating the settling tank and the evaporator. A connecting pipe is installed in the partition along the apparatus axis, passing through the settling tank and the condenser, and connecting the cavity above the evaporator with the cavity above the condenser. In the upper part of the settling tank there is a branch pipe for the hydrocarbon gas outlet, in the middle part - a branch pipe for the outlet of light liquid hydrocarbons, and in the lower part - a branch pipe for the outlet of water.

The condenser contains one or more sequentially installed radial-spiral heat exchange units, in the internal cylindrical space of which a connecting pipe is located, connecting the cavity above the evaporator with the cavity above the condenser.

The separated mixture of water with heavy petroleum products is fed to the evaporator, where water evaporates from it when heated, and light hydrocarbons dissolved in the original heavy petroleum products are desorbed. Unevaporated heavy petroleum products enter the lower part of the apparatus through the overflow pipe and are removed from it. Water and light hydrocarbon vapors are directed to the upper part of the apparatus through the connecting pipe into the cavity above the condenser, pass from top to bottom of the condenser, where water and some hydrocarbons condense during cooling, and enter the settling tank. In the settling tank, the mixture of water and liquid light hydrocarbons settles, with water settling in the lower part of the settling tank, light hydrocarbons rising to the upper part of the liquid phase, and uncondensed hydrocarbon gas remaining above the liquid level. After separation in the settling tank, water, light hydrocarbons, and uncondensed hydrocarbon gas are separately removed from the apparatus.

When the device is operating, a heat carrier is used, supplied to the evaporator to supply heat during the evaporation of water from the initial mixture, and a refrigerant is supplied to the condenser to remove heat during the condensation of water vapor and light hydrocarbons.

The proposed design of the apparatus allows separating a mixture of water and heavy petroleum products, the density of which is close to the density of water, and providing a separate outlet from the apparatus for the separation products: heavy petroleum products, water, liquid light hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon gas, which solves the problem.

Below, the utility model is explained with a specific example of its application and Fig. 1, which schematically depicts a longitudinal section of an apparatus for separating a mixture of water with heavy oil products with a density close to the density of water.

An apparatus for separating a mixture of water with heavy petroleum products with a density close to that of water, for example, fuel oil, includes a vertical cylindrical body 1 with an upper 2 and lower 3 bottom. In the lower part of the apparatus, an evaporator 4 is installed, containing one or more sequentially installed heat exchange blocks 5 of the radial-spiral type. In the internal cylindrical space of the heat exchange blocks 5 along the axis of the apparatus, an overflow pipe 6 is installed with an annular partition 7, hermetically secured to the body of the apparatus 1 below the heat exchange blocks 5. In this case, the branch pipe for supplying the separated medium 8 to the apparatus is located between the partition 7 and the heat exchange blocks 5, and the branch pipe for removing heavy petroleum products 9 is located below the partition 7.

In the middle part of the apparatus there is a settling tank 10, which is a container formed by the body of the apparatus 1 and a sealed partition 11 separating the settling tank 10 and the evaporator 4. In the partition along the axis of the apparatus there is a connecting pipe 12, passing through the settling tank 10 and the condenser 13, and connecting the cavity 14 above the evaporator 4 with the cavity 15 above the condenser 13. In the upper part of the settling tank 10 there is a branch pipe 16 for the outlet of hydrocarbon gas, in the middle part, below the level of liquid 17 there is a branch pipe 18 for the outlet of light liquid hydrocarbons, and in the lower part there is a branch pipe 19 for the outlet of water.

In the upper part of the apparatus, a condenser 13 is installed, containing one or more sequentially installed heat exchange blocks 20 of a radial-spiral type, in the internal cylindrical space of which a connecting pipe 12 is located, connecting the cavity 14 above the evaporator 4 with the cavity 15 above the condenser 13.

The separated mixture of water with heavy oil products is fed along line 21 through branch pipe 8 into evaporator 4, where water is evaporated from it, and light hydrocarbons dissolved in the initial heavy oil products are desorbed. Unevaporated heavy oil products are fed along overflow pipe 6 into lower cavity 22 of the apparatus and are removed from it through branch pipe 9 along line 23. Water and light hydrocarbon vapors are directed upward along connecting pipe 12 into cavity 15 above condenser 13. Heat is supplied during evaporation of water from the initial mixture by a heat carrier fed to evaporator 4 along line 24 through branch pipe 25 and removed along line 26 through branch pipe 27.

Water vapor and light hydrocarbons from cavity 15 enter condenser 13, where water and part of the hydrocarbons condense, and enter settling tank 10. Heat removal during condensation is carried out by a coolant supplied to condenser 13 via line 28 through branch pipe 29 and removed via line 30 through branch pipe 31.

In settling tank 10, the mixture of water and liquid light hydrocarbons settles, while water settles in the lower part of the settling tank and is removed from the apparatus through branch pipe 19 along line 32, light hydrocarbons rise to the upper part of the liquid phase and are removed from the apparatus through branch pipe 18 along line 33. Uncondensed hydrocarbon gas remains above the level of liquid 17 and is removed from the apparatus through branch pipe 16 along line 34.

Claims (1)

An apparatus for separating a mixture of water and heavy petroleum products with a density close to the density of water, characterized in that it contains a vertical cylindrical body, in the lower part of which an evaporator is installed, consisting of one or more radial-spiral heat exchange blocks, in the inner cylindrical space of which, along the axis of the apparatus, an overflow pipe is installed with an annular partition, hermetically secured to the body of the apparatus below the heat exchange blocks of the evaporator, wherein the supply pipe of the medium being separated is located between the partition and the heat exchange blocks, and the outlet pipe of heavy petroleum products is below the partition; in the upper part of the body of the apparatus a condenser is located, also consisting of one or more radial-spiral heat exchange blocks, in the inner cylindrical space of which, along the axis of the apparatus, a connecting pipe is located, connecting the cavity above the evaporator with the cavity above the condenser; in the middle part of the apparatus body there is a settling tank, which is a container formed by the apparatus body, a sealed partition separating the settling tank and the evaporator, and a connecting pipe, while in the upper part of the settling tank there is a branch pipe for the outlet of hydrocarbon gas, in the middle part there is a branch pipe for the outlet of light liquid hydrocarbons, and in the lower part of the settling tank there is a branch pipe for the outlet of water.