RU233230U1 - GAS GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of household waste processing and can be used to obtain synthesis gas and heat residential premises. The gas generator consists of a housing 1, which is mounted on legs 2, has a loading device 3 with a damper 4. In the upper zone of the housing, a branch pipe 5 is installed for removing hot gases after secondary combustion. An ecoLAMBDA module 11 with an interface for transmitting data on the composition of the gas-air mixture to a control controller 13 is installed on the branch pipe. A system for feeding an agent into the housing is built into the side wall, which contains an air duct 12 with adjustable electromagnetic valves 18 and 19 and blower nozzles 15 and 16. A blower fan 7 is connected to the air duct between valves 18 and 19, connected by an electric cable 6 to a power source. In the lower part of the body there is a grate 8, above it there is a glow plug 14, and below it there is an ash pan 9 with an ash pan cover 10. The technical result is to ensure thermal destruction of organic waste in a high-temperature pyrolysis gasifier with secondary combustion of the resulting gas compounds until complete combustion at a stoichiometry equal to 1.1 fig.

Description

Field of technology

The utility model relates to the field of recycling household waste and can be used to produce synthesis gas and heat residential premises.

State of the art

A device for the destruction of organic waste is known (see Russian Federation Patent 218994, IPC F23G 5/027, published 21.06.2023), comprising a base on which a device body is vertically mounted on risers, including a loading hopper for solid waste located in the upper part, connected through a loading gate to a drying chamber, communicating through a gate to the loading chamber, communicating through a gate to the destruction chamber, which communicates with the air distribution chamber by means of a grate, tuyeres for supplying air are made in the air distribution chamber, a reactor borders this chamber, in which a device for feeding liquid waste and a nozzle for maintaining a certain combustion temperature in the reactor are located, which communicates through a shutter-blind with an ash pan equipped with a nozzle for removing synthesis gas, the device for feeding liquid waste is equipped with a piezoelectric element, an electric drive with a screw installed in the ash pan for releasing is fixed to the base for ash pan cavities, wherein the upper part of the device body, containing the drying, loading, destruction, air distribution chambers and the reactor, is made cylindrical, and the lower part, containing the ash pan, is made conical.

The disadvantages are the impossibility of the plant operation without the use of processed oils or other carbon-containing waste, the impossibility of producing generator gas suitable for operation in internal combustion engines, the lack of heating of the injected oxidizer air, which leads to the need to additionally install a heat exchanger. The above disadvantages significantly limit the use of this development.

A gas generator is known (see Russian patent 55775, IPC C10J 3/48, published 27.08.2006), consisting of a housing divided into two parts - a combustion chamber, and an ash part located in the lower part of the housing, separated from the combustion chamber by a grate. The housing is limited on both sides by round plates in which technological openings are cut: a combustion chamber door; an ash pan door. There are also openings for fastening the gas generation chamber, the steam generation chamber, and the generator gas cleaning chamber. Flue gases formed during fuel combustion in the combustion chamber under "natural" draft evaporate into the environment through the chimney. The gas generation chamber is a container in which the material itself (sawdust and other raw materials) is placed, from which generator gas is produced in the technological process, there is also a loading window for loading sawdust and other raw materials.

The disadvantage is the bulkiness, complexity of the design and its control, and low productivity.

Also known is a gas generator (see Russian Federation Patent 85984, IPC F23G 5/027, published 20.08.2009), comprising a housing with a loading device in its upper part and an ash pan in the lower part, a main chamber for raw material gasification located in the housing, as well as an afterburning chamber, systems for feeding an agent into the chambers and removing the resulting synthesis gas, the main chamber and the afterburning chamber are mounted in the gas generator housing, a zone for aerodynamic cleaning of the resulting synthesis gas is formed between the chambers, wherein the gas generator is equipped with a device for mixing the raw material in the chambers, made in the form of a shaft mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation by means of a drive, on which mixers are fixed, placed in the chambers, the system for feeding the agent into the main chamber contains nozzles made of heat-resistant material connected to branch pipes, the openings of which are located in the gasification zone of the chamber, and the system for removing synthesis gas is made in the form of an annular cavity, formed in the main chamber, on which the outlet pipes are located and which communicates with the aerodynamic cleaning zone, while the main chamber is made of heat-resistant material.

The disadvantages are the impossibility of the plant operating on organic waste of various morphologies, since the plant operates only on specially selected and prepared raw materials, the complexity and bulkiness of the design, the high engineering risk associated with the fact that the reactor contains moving shafts and blades operating at a critically high temperature of over 1600°C, and the complexity of the technology for obtaining purified gas.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical problem is the production of thermal energy by recycling organic waste of any morphology without emitting harmful substances into the atmosphere.

The technical result is to ensure thermal destruction of organic waste in a high-temperature pyrolysis gasifier with secondary combustion of the resulting gas compounds until complete combustion at a stoichiometry equal to 1.

The technical result is achieved in that in a gas generator comprising a housing with a loading device for solid organic waste in its upper part and an ash pan in the lower part, a branch pipe for synthesis gas removal, a system for feeding an agent into the thermal destruction zone and a secondary gas combustion zone, according to the utility model, the agent feeding system comprises two blast nozzles built into the side wall, connected to an air duct connected to a fan with two electromagnetic valves, wherein the device is equipped with a controller for controlling the agent feed through the blast nozzles, and the branch pipe for synthesis gas removal is equipped with an ecoLAMBDA module. Additionally, the device may contain a blast nozzle with an electromagnetic valve for emergency discharge of the gas-air mixture.

Brief description of the drawings

The device is illustrated by a drawing showing a gas generator.

The positions indicate:

1 - body;

2 - legs;

3 - loading device;

4 - gate valve;

5 - branch pipe;

6 - electric cable;

7 - blower fan;

8 - grate;

9 - ash pan;

10 - ash pan cover;

11 - ecoLAMBDA module;

12 - air duct;

13 - control controller;

14 - glow plug;

15 - first blow nozzle;

16 - second blow nozzle;

17 - third blast nozzle;

18 - first electromagnetic valve;

19 - second electromagnetic valve;

20 - third electromagnetic valve;

21 - thermal destruction zone;

22 - secondary combustion zone;

23 - upper body area.

Implementation of a utility model

The gas generator (see figure) consists of a housing 1, which is mounted on legs 2, has a loading device 3 with a damper 4. In the upper zone of the housing 1, a branch pipe 5 is installed for removing hot gases after secondary combustion. On the branch pipe 5, an ecoLAMBDA 11 module is installed with a data transmission interface for determining the composition of the gas-air mixture, for example RS485.

A system for feeding an agent, such as air or oxygen, into the housing 1 is built into the side wall of the gas generator. The agent feeding system comprises an air duct 12 with adjustable electromagnetic valves 18 and 19 and blower nozzles 15 and 16. A blower fan 7 is connected to the air duct 12 between the valves 18 and 19, connected by an electric cable 6 to a power source with a direct current of 12 V or an alternating current of 220 V. Additionally, the gas generator may comprise a third blower nozzle 17 with a third electromagnetic valve 20, which is intended for emergency discharge of the agent from the housing 1 of the device.

In the lower part of the housing 1 there is a grate 8, above which a glow plug 14 is installed. Under the grate 8 there is an ash pan 9 with an ash pan cover 10. The operation of the installation is controlled by an electronic control controller 13, located in the upper part of the housing 1.

The device works as follows.

Prepared fuel from organic waste in the form of briquettes or pellets is loaded in portions into loading device 3, damper 4 is opened and fuel is fed to grate 8 in housing 1, where fuel is ignited using glow plug 14. Blower fan 7 connected to power source is switched on. Fan 7 blows air inside housing 1 through air duct 12 and through blast nozzles 15 and 16 feeds it into thermal destruction zone 21 or into secondary combustion zone 22 using electromagnetic valves 18 and 19.

First, the first electromagnetic valve 18 of the air duct 12 is opened and air is supplied through the first blow nozzle 15 into the housing 1. The temperature is increased to 500-800°C within 5 minutes.

When loading the next portion, a sharp destruction of organic matter into gas and ash occurs. Ash on the grate 8 undergoes complete combustion, and the resulting gas passes the secondary combustion zone 22 and rushes into the upper zone of the housing 23. After this, the second electromagnetic valve 19 of the air duct 12 is opened and air is supplied through the second blast nozzle 16 to create a concentration of the gas-air mixture, which will ensure complete combustion of the resulting gas.

Stoichiometry is determined by ecoLAMBDA module 11, and the required composition of the gas-air mixture is provided by control controller 13 by regulating the air supply from blast nozzles 15 and 16 through electromagnetic valves 18 and 19. This ensures complete combustion of the gas by adjusting the operation of the agent injection system. This allows for adjustment of the gas afterburning until complete combustion.

When excess air is formed, the ecoLAMBDA module 11 is activated, which sends a command via the control controller 13, and the excess is discharged from the housing 1 through the third blow nozzle 17 by opening the third electromagnetic valve 20.

Using the control controller 13, it is also possible to regulate the temperature above 1200°C. In this case, complete combustion of the gas-air mixture is achieved.

This installation can be made fully automatically. This requires the manufacture of a raw material bin, a screw feed into the raw material body and a screw mechanism for unloading ash from the ash pit.

Due to the simplicity of the design, the installation can be easily scaled from 5 kW to 10 MW.

This installation is ideal for reclamation of any waste at landfills, since the ash content of the disposal is 5-8%, a sufficiently large thermal power is released and there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

When recycling 1 kg of organic waste, we are guaranteed to receive more than 5 kW of thermal power.

Claims (2)

1. A gas generator comprising a housing with a loading device for solid organic waste in its upper part and an ash pan in the lower part, a branch pipe for removing synthesis gas, a system for feeding an agent into the thermal destruction zone and the secondary gas combustion zone, characterized in that the agent feeding system comprises two blast nozzles built into the side wall, connected to an air duct connected to a fan with two electromagnetic valves, the branch pipe for removing synthesis gas is equipped with an ecoLAMBDA module with an interface for transmitting data on the composition of the gas-air mixture to a controller for controlling the agent feed through the blast nozzles. 2. A gas generator according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it additionally contains a blower nozzle with an electromagnetic valve for emergency discharge of the gas-air mixture.