RU2332309C1 - Towing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to collapsible transport and transport-engineering appliances, namely to hitch mechanisms and can be used in unitising the said appliances. The towing device comprises a coupling element linked with con-rods and a counterpart rigidly fixed on the semitrailer hitch. The con-rods are jointed by Hook's joint, with vertical joint rotary pins being arranged on the tractor and horizontal ones being located on the con-rods. The Hook's joints are arranged so that their vertical pins are located on the same axial line. The said joints are rigidly fastened on the slider. The slider-to-frame joint allows the slider to move in the tractor crosswise plane. Invention ensures the tractor stability on moving across downslopes by shifting a portion of the semitrailer weight to the tractor off its axis of symmetry and increases the towing device reliability.

EFFECT: higher tractor stability on moving across downslopes and higher towing device reliability.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to integral transport and transport-technological means, namely to couplers, and can be used in the aggregation of these means.

Known fifth wheel coupling of an articulated vehicle, providing increased work efficiency and traffic safety (SU 1650480 A1, B60D 1/00, 05/23/1991).

The device does not allow the use of an articulated vehicle driven by vehicles from the tractor’s power take-off shaft due to the presence of traction of adjustable length mounted on the drawbar of the semi-trailer and connected to the coupling element on the tractor. In addition, this device involves a change in the design of the tractor and drawbar of the semitrailer.

Known traction and loading device (RU 2096190 C1, B60D 1/00, 11/20/1997), providing increased efficiency in the use of transport and transport-technological units and traffic safety.

The disadvantage of this device is that when cornering, the design of the device allows for spontaneous changes in the position of the linkage rods and drawbar of the semi-trailer, while it is impossible to transfer part of the weight of the semi-trailer to the tractor, and the drive of the working bodies from the power take-off shaft contains four universal joints, which reduces the reliability of the device. In addition, the presence of an intermediate support for cardan transmission of the drive of the working bodies complicates the design of the device.

Known attachment (US 4272098 C1, B60D 7/00, 06/09/1981), providing the transfer of part of the weight of the semitrailer to the tractor. The device contains a vertical axis on which the drawbar of the semi-trailer platform is pivotally mounted, a horizontal axis, a transverse-horizontal axis located inside the tractor base, four stands fixed in pairs at the rear ends of two longitudinal rods, which are connected to the transverse-horizontal axis by their front ends.

Unlike the design of RU 2096190 C1, B60D 1/00, 11/20/1997, the considered technical solution does not allow spontaneous lowering of longitudinal rods, and the angle of rotation of the tractor relative to the semi-trailer in the horizontal plane is limited by the structural elements of the tractor and the length of its longitudinal rods.

The technical solution under consideration implies fundamental changes in the design of the tractor hitch and does not involve the use of standard hitch elements. When aggregating with any other agricultural implements, in addition to the semi-trailer, it is necessary to disconnect the entire device and replace it with an appropriate one, which worsens the conditions for aggregating a tractor with various agricultural machines. In the case when the semitrailer is on a horizontal surface and the tractor is on the rise, the lower longitudinal links may collide with the axis of the rear wheels of the tractor, i.e. there is a limitation on the possibility of overcoming the ascent. However, it should be noted that the design allows both on a straight section of the road and in turns to transfer the vertical load to the transverse-horizontal axis without creating a transverse overturning moment. The weight will be redistributed from the front axle to the rear, thereby impairing handling, especially during acceleration, since the tractor design does not allow the axle to be closer to the supporting surface.

A coupling device is known relating to transport, namely coupling devices of articulated vehicles (SU 1414662 A1, B60D 1/00, 08/07/1988). It contributes to an increase in work efficiency by ensuring a rational distribution of the load along the axles of the tractor while increasing its grip weight and increasing stability.

The described technical solution will cause a number of difficulties in operation, in particular the control of hydraulic cylinders, the aggregation of a semi-trailer with a tractor, overcoming obstacles (exit from a dirt road to a paved road, where roads are located at different heights). The rotation will be complicated, due to the design features of the tractor with a breaking frame. The low position of the drawbar of the semi-trailer under the tractor reduces the road and agricultural clearance, in addition, this coupling device can only be effective with semi-trailers.

Known traction and loading device (RU 2148499 C1, B60D 1/00, 05/10/2000). The device comprises a coupling element pivotally connected to the rods connected to a mating element mounted on the drawbar of the semi-trailer. The upper and lower rods are connected to the tractor by means of Hooke's hinges, the vertical axis of rotation of which are located on the same axial line on the tractor, and the horizontal ones on the rods. The top link is made of variable length and pivotally connected by the front end to the horizontal axis of the Hook joint. The lower rods with their front ends are connected to the horizontal axis of the Hook joint by means of spherical joints. In this case, the upper and lower rods with their rear ends are also connected using spherical hinges with a coupling element. The device provides the elimination of spontaneous changes in the position of the rods and drawbar of the semitrailer when changing the direction of movement, the constant transfer of part of the weight of the semitrailer to the tractor in all modes of transport or transport and technological operations, simplifying the design and increasing the reliability of the towing and loading device.

The device creates additional force on the loaded wheel when the tractor moves across the slope, while increasing the angle of inclination of the tractor relative to the horizontal.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the overload of the loaded wheel, minimizing changes in the angle of inclination of the tractor, increasing the reliability of the towing and loading device.

This is achieved by the fact that the connection of the bracket to the tractor is made in the form of a movable mount with the possibility of moving this bracket along the rails in the transverse plane of the tractor.

Figure 1 shows the traction and loading device, side view; figure 2 is a top view of the unit when turning; figure 3 is a rear view of the traction and loading device (automatic coupler elements not shown).

The towing and loading device comprises a coupling element 1 in the form of an isosceles triangle, which is pivotally connected at three points with rods, a mating element 2, which is rigidly fixed to the drawbar of the semi-trailer. The device also contains an upper spring-loaded rod 3 of variable length. Rod 3 is equipped with an element of a spring-loaded telescopic connection, which allows you to mutually spring the rear and front ends both in compression and in tension. Rod 3 of variable length is pivotally connected to the horizontal axis of Hooke’s hinge 4, and to the coupling element via spherical hinge 5. In addition, the device contains two lower rods 6. At both ends of rods 6 there are spherical joints 5, through which rods 6 are connected to the front ends with the horizontal axis of the Hook hinge 7, and the rear with the coupling element 1. Hooks 4 and 7 are rigidly mounted on the slider 8 with the possibility of rotation around its vertical axes. The movable connection is formed by the slider 8 and the frame 9 with the possibility of moving the slider 8 in the transverse plane of the tractor using the hydraulic cylinder 10. For free movement of the slider 8 on the frame 9, a slot for the PTO shaft is made in it. The frame 9 is fixedly connected to the bracket 11. The bracket 11 is rigidly mounted on the tractor 12. The coupling element 1 is equipped with a locking device 13. The telescopic braces 14 of the lower link 6 are connected to the levers 15 of the rotary shaft 16. A hydraulic cylinder 17 of the tractor linkage is provided for driving the rotary shaft 16. The driveshaft 18 is installed to drive the working bodies of the gun. It is equipped with a movable spline connection 19.

The device operates as follows. To attach the gun, the tractor is brought to the gun and the coupling element 1 is introduced into the reciprocal element 2 by lifting the lower rods 6 with the hydraulic cylinder 17 of the tractor hitch. At the same time, the elements of the movable splined joint 19 of the cardan shaft 18 are connected. The coupling element 1 is connected to the mating element 2 and fixed with a locking device 13.

When bringing the towing and loading device into action, the spool of the hydraulic distributor of the hydraulic cylinder 17, the hitch of the tractor are switched to the "floating" position. If necessary, increase the length of the upper link 3 of variable length until the body of the semi-trailer occupies a horizontal position relative to the surface of the platform on which aggregation is performed. At the same time, part of the weight of the semi-trailer through the reciprocal element 2, the coupling element 1, the upper link 3 of variable length, the lower link 6, the Hook joints 4 and 7, the bracket 11, the slider 8, the frame 9 are transferred to the tractor 12.

The rotation of the tractor relative to the semi-trailer in the horizontal plane is carried out by rotating the lower rods 6 and the upper rods of variable length 3 around the vertical axes of the Hook joints 7 and 4.

When moving an articulated vehicle through an obstacle, changing the position of the tractor relative to the semi-trailer in the longitudinally vertical plane is carried out by rotating the lower rods 6 in spherical joints 5, as well as traction by changing the length 3 around the horizontal axis of the Hook joint 4 and in the spherical joint 5. Spring-loaded in both the directions of the upper link 3 of variable length dampen the vibrations that occur when the semitrailer is swinging.

When changing the position of the semitrailer relative to the tractor in the transverse vertical plane, the coupling 1 and the reciprocal 2 elements are rotated relative to the tractor by rotating the lower rods 6 in spherical joints 5, and rods 3 of variable length around the vertical axis of the Hook joint 4 and in the spherical joint 5.

When disconnecting the guns, open the locking device 13 and switch the spool of the hydraulic distributor of the hydraulic cylinder 17 of the tractor hitch to the "lower" position, lower the rods, while the drawbar of the semi-trailer is lowered to the stand, and the coupling element 1 is disengaged from the response element 2.

The use of a towing and loading device will eliminate the negative effect of the vertical force transmitted from the semi-trailer to the tractor in relation to the overload of the wheels loaded when the tractor moves across the slope. In addition, this will allow to redistribute the load between the wheels in the transverse plane of the tractor and ensure the transfer of part of the weight of the semi-trailer to the base of the tractor, without affecting its controllability. The technical result is to ensure the stability of the tractor when moving across the slope by shifting the transmitted part of the weight of the semitrailer to the tractor away from the axis of symmetry of the tractor and increasing the reliability of the towing and loading device.

Claims (1)

A towing and loading device comprising a coupling element pivotally connected to the rods, connected to a mating element mounted on the drawbar of the semi-trailer, the upper and lower rods are connected to the tractor via Hook hinges fixed to a frame connected to the tractor, the vertical axis of rotation of which are placed on one axial lines on the tractor, and horizontal on the rods, while the upper rod is made of variable length and pivotally connected by the front end to the horizontal axis of the Hook joint, the lower rods are connected by the front ends Hooke joint horizontal axis through spherical joints, the upper and lower links are connected with their rear ends also by means of spherical hinges with a clutch element, characterized in that the hinges of Hooke secured to a slider which is connected to the frame movably in the transverse plane of the tractor.

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