RU2330405C1 - Method of yard housing of cows and diary farm for yard housing of cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes accommodation of cows in the cowshed of the diary farm with feed-stuff and dung passway and with keeping the cows on the deep litter during the rest while adding fresh straw into the litter, and cleaning of animals rest area, hand-feed and milking operation. The building of light structure is used for cow management, walls, floor and ceiling are made of double layer of lumber with the waterproofing material underlaid between layers of the lumber. The fresh straw is added in to the litter in the rest area once a day in the quantity of at most 1 kg of straw per one animal unit, cleaning of the rest area is carried out at most 2 times annually. The hand-feed of cows is carried out in the feed-stuff and dung passway, shifted to the walls of the cowshed with the free entrance and/or exit to/from it, milking operation is carried out in the milking block located in the centre of the cowshed between two blocks of the rest area. The diary farm includes the loose housing yard with feed-stuff and dung passway, the rest area for cows, milking block and ground run. The cowshed is constructed as an unheated building, walls, floor and ceiling of which have three layers and consists of the lumber and waterproofing material underlaid between layers of the lumber. The feed-stuff and dung passway shifted to the walls of the cowshed with the free entrance and/or exit to/from it, the rest area for animals is divided in two blocks between of which there is the milking block located in the centre of the cowshed.

EFFECT: decrease of prime cost of yard housing, improvement of housing conditions, enhancement of sanitary housing conditions.

3 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular to methods for loose housing for cows and designs of livestock buildings for the loose housing of cows, and can be used in livestock and farms.

A well-known livestock breeding complex for milk production (RU 2210885 C2, A01K 1/00, 2003.08.27) with loose housing for cows, including a room for keeping animals, a milking parlor with a flyover connected to the floor by inclined gangways made in the form of a cow store, which is equipped with udder washing station, with the placement of machines with milking equipment and a milk storage on the overpass.

The disadvantage of this design of the livestock complex is the connection of the trestle with the floor by means of inclined gangways. During operation, the inclined gangways become slippery, which can lead to injuries to both the staff of the complex and animals.

A device is known for a dairy farm (RU 43123 U1, А01К 1/00, 2005.01.01), including a cowshed for loose-box housing of cows, the combined feed passage and the dung passage, the milking unit and the dairy, with the location of the milking unit in the feed passage .

The disadvantages of this design of the dairy farm are its material consumption and high cost due to the presence of boxes.

There is a method of loose housing for cows (V.N. Timoshenko, A.A. Muzyka, F.M. Karnach. The advantage of loose housing for cows. - J. Zootechny, 2000, - No. 9. - S.-19-21), which uses several rooms for keeping cows, in one of which, a rectangular room with a reinforced concrete frame with a central aisle and adjacent walking areas adapted for rest and feeding, cows are kept on a deep straw bed with straw added as it becomes soiled at the rate of 4-5 kg per cow and hedgehog monthly removal of manure. In the second room, also reinforced concrete, with wooden floors and partitions, there are boxes and a milking parlor.

In this method of free-keeping cows, feeding the cows from the feed passage located in the center of the room excludes the animals from using the expensive area of the capital winter premises. In the room for keeping cows, the rest area and the feeding front are undesirably reduced. The hygiene conditions of cows are reduced due to increased air humidity due to moisture deposition on cold reinforced concrete structures of the room and lower air temperature in the room in winter. To reduce humidity and increase temperature in reinforced concrete rooms, a large consumption of straw is required for litter, which provides heat, which in turn leads to violation of hygiene standards, in particular for harmful gases (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.), respectively, frequent cleaning of the room is required . In addition, the known method of keeping cows involves a large consumption of materials and high labor costs for the device boxes.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the cost of loose housing for cows, to improve the conditions of animals - to improve the quality of animal health conditions of cows.

The technical result is expressed in the reduction of labor and material costs, in the rational placement of farm premises, providing conditions for keeping animals in accordance with their biological needs.

The problem is solved in that in a method of loose housing for cows, including placing cows in a barn of a dairy farm with combined feed transport and keeping cows while resting on a deep straw bed, periodically adding fresh straw to the straw bed and cleaning the animal rest area, feeding cows and milking, according to the claimed method for the maintenance of cows using a lightweight building, the walls, floor and ceiling of which are made of a double layer of lumber with laid hydra insulation material between the layers of lumber, fresh straw to the straw litter in the recreation area is added 1 time per day in the amount of 1 kg of straw per animal head, the recreation area is cleaned no more than 2 times a year, feeding cows is carried out in a feed-through passage, displaced to the walls of the barn with the possibility of free entry and / or exit into and / or from it, milking the cows is carried out in a milking unit located in the center of the barn, between two blocks of the recreation area.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in a dairy farm for loose housing of cows, including a barn for loose housing of cows with a forage passage, a resting area for cows, a milking unit, a walking area, the barn is made in the form of an unheated building, wall, floor and ceiling which are made of three layers and consist of two layers of lumber and a layer of waterproofing material laid between them, the forage passage is displaced to the walls of the barn with the possibility of free entry and / or exit to and / or from it, the animal rest area is divided into two blocks with the placement of a milking unit between them, located in the center of the barn.

The walls, floor and ceiling of the barn can be made up of two layers of slab and a layer of roofing material located between them.

Distinctive features of the prototype features in the method of loose housing cows are

- keeping cows in a lightweight building, the walls of the floor and ceiling of which are made of a double layer of lumber with laid waterproofing material between the layers of lumber, which allows animals to be provided with comfortable conditions in the winter, keep the optimum temperature from +5 to -20 ° С, reduce compared with the prototype humidity in the barn, reduce air velocity and microbial contamination;

- the addition of fresh straw to the straw litter in the recreation area once a day in the amount of 1 kg of straw per animal head provides optimal conditions for keeping cows in a lightweight building, reduces labor costs for updating the litter, while an increase in straw consumption of more than 1 kg can lead to deterioration comfortable living conditions for animals (increased microbial contamination, increased concentration of harmful gases - carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.), unreasonably high consumption of straw;

- cleaning the recreation area no more than 2 times a year allows you to maintain animal hygiene standards, in particular the standards for harmful gases, reduce the cost of operating the equipment used for cleaning, and labor costs;

- feeding cows in a forage passage, displaced to the walls of the barn with the possibility of free entry and / or exit into and / or from it, milking the cows in the milking unit located in the center of the barn, between the two blocks of the recreation area allows efficient and rational use of milk farms, to reduce the number of transitions of animals and, thus, reduce labor costs for their driving, can reduce the injuries of cows during driving, to ensure a more relaxed behavior of animals.

Distinctive features of the dairy farm are

- the execution of the barn in the form of an unheated building, the walls, the floor and the ceiling of which are made of three layers and consist of two layers of lumber and a layer of waterproofing material laid between them allows providing comfortable living conditions for animals in comparison with their content in a reinforced concrete building;

- displacement of the forage passage to the walls of the barn with the possibility of free exit into and / or from it provides convenience for the passage of animals from the recreation area to the forage passage and from the forage passage to the walking areas;

- dividing the recreation area into two blocks with the placement of a milking unit located in the center of the barn, provides a convenient approach for animals to milking installations, eliminates the cost of building a separate building for milking, reduces labor costs for moving animals.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of a dairy farm.

The dairy farm includes a barn 1 with a forage passage 2 located in it, an animal rest area 3 divided into two blocks, a milking unit 4, internal walkways 5 connecting the different rooms of the barn, and external exits 6 connecting the barn to the walking area 7.

The method of loose housing cows is as follows.

Cows are kept loose in the cowshed, in which the cows resting area is located, cows are fed and milked. During the distribution of feed to the feeder with a feed distributor-mixer and at the same time cleaning the feed drive 2 cows 1 animals are transferred to a rest area 3 or to a walking area 7 through internal passages 5 and external exits 6, which are then closed. After distributing the feed and cleaning the floor in the forage passage 2 animals are driven from the walking area 7 through the external exits 6 and open the internal passages 5 from the recreation area for the animals to go to the feeders. Forage transport 2 is used both in winter and in summer with the movement of animal rest in the summer from animal rest areas 3 located in the barn 1 to the walking platform 7. Milking is carried out in the milking unit 4.

The following is an example implementation of the method according to the claimed solution and the results of the implementation of the method of loose housing cows in conditions similar to the prototype.

EXAMPLE

Comparative production checks of the method of loose housing for cows according to the claimed solution and under conditions similar to the solution of the prototype were carried out in two farms of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the test results are shown in the table. In the farm with conditions for the loose housing of cows similar to the prototype, a group of cows was investigated in the amount of 420 heads, in a farm in which cows were kept in accordance with the claimed decision, 600 cows.

Indicator Group of test cows According to the claimed decision According to the prototype one 2 3 Consumption of straw for bedding, kg per head / day No more than 1 4-5 The number of cleanings of the recreation area, times No more than 1 12 Zoo hygiene indicators indoors in winter Temperature ° C +7 to -20 +3 to -22 Humidity% 67 84 Air velocity, m / s 0.2 1,1 The dust content, mg / m ² 0.8 4.2 Microbial insemination, thousand m / m ³ 38 75 The concentration of harmful gases in the premises CO ₂ , _% 0.11 0.29 NH ₄ , mg / mm ³ 8 22 H ₂ S, mg / mm ³ four eleven CO, mg / mm ³ 0.9 2.2 Milk yield per 1 cow for lactation, kg 5520 3621 Consumption of feed units per 1 kg of milk 0.84 1,11 Labor costs per 1 centner of milk, person-hour 1.3 3.9 Cost of 1 centner of milk, rub. 444 799

From the results obtained, it can be seen that the loose housing of the cows according to the claimed method provides a more comfortable keeping of cows both according to the hygiene indicators in the room - temperature, humidity, air velocity, dust content, microbial contamination, and allows to reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the premises. The milk yield of cows in the group of animals contained in the conditions of the invention exceeded the milk yield of cows in the group, the conditions of which are similar to the conditions of the prototype, 1.5 times, with less than 3 times labor costs for milk production, and a lower cost of 1.8 times.

Thus, the inventive method of loose housing for cows and a dairy farm for loose housing of cows can withstand optimal conditions for keeping animals with achieving high yields and reducing the cost of maintenance.

Claims (3)

1. A method for the free keeping of cows, including the placement of cows in a barn of a dairy farm with combined feed and dung passage, and keeping cows while resting on a deep straw bed, periodically adding fresh straw to the straw bed and cleaning the animal rest area, feeding cows and milking , characterized in that for the maintenance of cows use a lightweight building, the walls, floor and ceiling of which are made of a double layer of lumber with laid waterproofing material between the layers of the saw Series, fresh straw to the straw litter in the recreation area is added 1 time per day in an amount of not more than 1 kg of straw per animal’s head, the recreation area is cleaned no more than 2 times a year, feeding cows is carried out in a forage-manure driveway, shifted to the walls the barn with the possibility of free entry and / or exit into and / or from it, milking the cows is carried out in a milking unit located in the center of the barn, between two blocks of the recreation area. 2. A dairy farm, including a cowshed for the loose keeping of cows, with a feed-dung passage located in it, a rest area for cows, a milking unit, a walking platform, characterized in that the cowshed is made in the form of an unheated building, the walls, floor and ceiling of which are made in three layers and they consist of two layers of lumber, and a layer of waterproofing material laid between them, the feed and dung passage is shifted to the walls of the barn with the possibility of free entry and / or exit into and / or from it, the animal rest area is divided and two blocks from the interposition of the milking unit, located in the center of the barn. 3. The dairy farm according to claim 2, characterized in that the walls, floor and ceiling of the barn are made up of two layers of slab and a layer of roofing material laid between them.