RU2327321C1 - Disk plough - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: disk plough includes a frame with the installed spherical disks and regulating knives, a foot wheel with the depth regulating mechanism and hitch which attaches the tool to the tractor. The regulating knives are made in the form of flat disks. They are installed in front of the spherical disks at a distance providing the combination of leading edge traces of the flat and spherical disks in the direction of plough motion on the soil surface which in its turn is equal to the distance from the soil surface trace of the spherical disk edge to a vertical plane passing through the centre of the spherical disk edge circle, parallel to the direction of a motion. It is determined by the formula:

, where R is a radius of the spherical disk edge circle (mm), a is disk landing (mm); α is the angle between the rotation axis of the spherical disk in its vertical position and the direction of motion (degrees); θ is the elevation angle of the rotation axis to the horizontal plane (degrees).

EFFECT: quality of soil treatment with the crop residue increases while power capacity of the treatment process decreases.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage tools for basic tillage.

Known plow circular knife containing a fork, in the eyes of which is fixed on the axis of the disk, freely rotating, while the disk with a fork is attached to the plow bed. In the front in the direction of travel of the fork part, a plate with a longitudinal through groove for the disk is mounted pivotally or rigidly [a.s. USSR No. 686651, IPC АВВ 71/04, F16С 25/04, published. September 25, 79].

The disadvantages of this plow circular knife are a violation of turnover and a decrease in the quality of laying of the compacted surface layer of soil, and therefore, a deterioration in the incorporation of plant debris.

Known plow circular knife containing a fork, in the eyes of which is fixed on the axis of the disk, freely rotating in roller or ball bearings, a disk with a fork attached to the plow bed through the rack. In the front in the direction of travel of the fork part, a plate with a longitudinal through groove for the disk having a V-shape covering the bearing assembly is pivotally or rigidly mounted [see A.S. USSR No. 1410872, IPC А01В 15/16; 71/04, published. July 23, 88].

This circular knife allows you to protect the top of the rack from clogging the soil by installing an additional plate.

However, in this invention it is not possible to take into account the unloading of plant debris and soil in the lower part of the plate, while the traction resistance increases, and the cutting of the formation is worsened. In addition, when working with such a knife, lateral forces arise, acting from the side of the not plowed layer, which causes the “plowing” of the plow.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of features is a disk plow containing a frame with disk working bodies with scrapers, a support wheel with a screw adjustment mechanism, a hitch for attaching the implement to the tractor. Behind the spherical disk working bodies, stabilizing cultivators located below the blade of the disk, made in the form of a vertical field board in one piece with a horizontal share, shifted towards an unplowed field, are attached to their rack [see A.S. USSR No. 373980, IPC A01B 5/00, published. 10/05/74].

For reasons that impede the achievement of below the specified technical result when using the known device adopted for the prototype, the known device does not provide stabilization of the plow stroke along the working width, since when treating soil with crop residues and straw on the surface, the discs run into the straw is smoothed out without cutting it, but it is jammed and, therefore, before the horizontal share, the straw and plant residues are unloaded, the sole of the subsurface layer is compacted, and there is no high-quality incorporation of plant residues. It should be noted that when the formation is trimmed in the vertical and horizontal planes by stabilizing cultivators, the traction resistance of the plow increases, which does not allow qualitatively cutting the formation with minimal energy consumption.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to create a disc plow suitable for plowing in fields with straw scattered on the surface (crop residues).

The technical result from the use of the invention is to improve the quality of tillage with crop residues and reduce the energy intensity of this processing process while ensuring stabilization of the plow along the working width in fields with dispersed straw.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known disk plow, including a frame with spherical disks and stabilizing knives mounted on it, a support wheel with a depth adjustment mechanism and a hitch for attaching the implement to the tractor, the feature is that the knives made in the form of flat disks, mounted in front of the spherical disks at a distance that ensures the combination of traces of the working edges of the flat and spherical disks in the direction of movement of the plow along soil surface, determined by the formula:

,

,

where x _m is the distance from the track on the soil surface of the working edge of the spherical disk to the vertical plane passing through the center of the circumference of the edge of the spherical disk parallel to the direction of movement;

R is the radius of the circumference of the edge of the blade of a spherical disk, in (mm);

a - deepening of the disk, in (mm);

α is the angle between the axis of rotation of the spherical disk in its vertical position and the direction of motion (angle of attack), in degrees.

θ is the angle of the axis of rotation of the disk from a horizontal plane; in degrees.

It is advisable to stabilize the flat discs above the blade of the spherical disc.

Preferably, the stabilizing flat discs are rotatable.

Figure 1 shows a disk plow, side view; figure 2 - installation parameters of a spherical disk.

The disk plow contains a frame 1 on which spherical disks 2 are mounted, in front of which stabilizing knives are made, made in the form of flat rotating disks 3, a support wheel 4 with a depth adjustment mechanism and a hitch 5 for attaching the implement to the tractor.

Stabilizing flat discs 3 are installed in front of the spherical discs 2 at a distance that ensures the alignment of the traces of the edges of the flat and spherical discs in the direction of movement of the plow on the soil surface, determined by the formula:

where x _m is the distance from the track on the soil surface of the working edge of the spherical disk to the vertical plane passing through the center of the circumference of the edge of the spherical disk parallel to the direction of movement;

R is the radius of the circumference of the edge of the blade of a spherical disk, in (mm);

a - deepening of the disk, in (mm);

α is the angle between the axis of rotation of the spherical disk in its vertical position and the direction of motion (angle of attack), in degrees;

θ is the angle of the axis of rotation of the disk from the horizontal plane, in degrees.

Stabilizing flat discs 3 are installed above the blade of the spherical disc 2 to such a depth that will allow the cutting of plant debris to create optimal traction resistance. Performing them rotating allows you to qualitatively process the soil, improve the turnover of the formation, prevent the unloadability of plant residues and reduce traction resistance.

Disk plow works as follows.

When the disk plow moves across the field, stabilizing knives made in the form of flat disks 3 cut the crop residues and cut off the wrapped layer.

The spherical disk 2 moves along the edge of the stabilizing flat disks 3, interacting with the soil, rotates and wraps the soil layer, improves the quality of tillage and incorporation of plant residues. The lateral forces of the spherical disk 2 tend to shift the plow towards an unplowed field, and the lateral forces of the stabilizing flat disks balance them, which excludes the “bucking” of the plow as a whole.

The working edge of the spherical disk 2 moves along the trail of the flat disk 3, which improves the cutting and wrapping of the soil layer, and also improves the incorporation of plant residues.

Using the proposed disk plow will ensure a stable plow stroke along the working width when plowing with crop residues, improve the incorporation of plant residues on the soil surface and reduce the energy intensity of the soil cultivation process, while improving the quality of the soil cultivation.

Claims (3)

1. A disk plow, including a frame with spherical disks and stabilizing knives mounted on it, a support wheel with a depth adjustment mechanism and a hitch for attaching the implements to the tractor, characterized in that the stabilizing knives are made in the form of flat disks, mounted in front of the spherical disks at a distance providing a combination of traces of the working edges of the flat and spherical disks in the direction of movement of the plow on the soil surface, which is equal to the distance from the track on the soil surface of the working edge of the spherical disk to a vertical plane passing through the center of the circumference of the edge of the spherical disk parallel to the direction of motion, determined by the formula:

, where R is the radius of the circumference of the edge of the blade of a spherical disk, mm; a - deepening of the disk, mm; α is the angle between the axis of rotation of the spherical disk in its vertical position and the direction of movement, degrees; θ is the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation of the disk to the horizontal plane, degrees. 2. The disk plow according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizing flat disks are mounted above the blade of the spherical disk. 3. The disk plow according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizing flat discs are made rotating.

Images