RU2324030C1 - Hydraulic drop hammer for compacting foundation pits in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fixed structures; drop hammer apparatus for compacting foundation pits and breaking wells in soil.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic drop hammer for compacting foundation pits in soil includes a drop hammer mast with a thrust stop attached to an undercarriage, a slider mounted to said mast, a cable/pulley system for lifting said slider, a guidance mechanism of said drop hammer mast, a working member, a gripping device, a braking mechanism of said gripping device, a lifting and dropping device. Furthermore, the drop hammer mast is equipped in its bottom part with a an extendable foot having a hydraulic control unit, the slider carries an actuator comprising a working cylinder with a piston and rod assembly that interacts with the gripping device having a stroke length exceeding the distance to the release stop of the gripping device, and the piston chamber of the actuator cylinder communicates with a pneumatic accumulator, connected by means of an adjustable orifice to the overflow conduit.

EFFECT: reduced dimensions of the drop hammer; simplified embodiment of the working member retrieval mechanism; control with increased acceleration of the working member.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanization tools in the construction industry, in particular to coping equipment for tamping pits and punching wells in soils, and can be used in the preparation of foundations and the construction of pile foundations on a compacted base in industrial and civil engineering.

A device for tamping pits is known (see, for example, the USSR AS No. 1292974, Mcl E02D 3/046, 1987), including a base machine with attachments consisting of a guide rod, a rammer with a carriage, and a mechanism for dumping it and capture, as well as special equipment that allows you to automatically change the force and speed of the ramming.

The main disadvantages of this device are:

1) the presence of significant loads acting on the rod when removing the working body from the ground by swaying or jerking, turning on the traction winch of the base machine, which leads to breakage of the cable block system and excessive loading of other elements of the machine;

2) the inconvenience of pointing the working body to the place of ramming the pit - the axis of the future pile foundation.

A device for tamping pits is known (see, for example, the USSR AS No. 1761866, Mcl E02D 3/046, 1992), comprising a base machine, a mast guide with a carriage, a gripper, a rammer, a guide mast guidance mechanism that is connected swivel assembly with the boom of the base machine. In this case, the hinge assembly and the guidance mechanism are made with runners and interconnected by means of an annular sling, and the guide mast is mounted in runners with the possibility of movement by means of a hydraulic cylinder fixed to the guidance mechanism.

The main disadvantages of this device are:

1) large overall dimensions of the equipment itself;

2) the complexity of the design of the tamper extraction mechanism;

3) lack of regulation of ramp acceleration speed.

Also known is a hydraulic pile driver for tamping pits in the ground (see, for example, AS USSR No. 1715977, Mcl E02D 7/00, 1992), including a base machine, a mast mounted on a base machine, a carriage mounted on the base mast with emphasis, cable block system for lifting the carriage, mast guidance and lifting mechanisms, a working body and a gripping device with a hydraulic control mechanism for it, a braking mechanism for the gripping device fixed to the bottom of the mast and interacting with the carriage stop of the gripping device, ying a two-part control valve and the throttle, hoisting drop appliance configured as a carriage placed on a hydraulic lift, sequentially interconnected double cylinder, a three-section control valve controls and overflow valve connected to the braking mechanism of the gripping device.

The specified hydraulic pile driver, as containing the largest number of essential features in relation to the proposed pile driver for stamping pits in the ground, adopted as a prototype.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are:

1) large overall dimensions of the pile equipment;

2) the complexity of the design of the mechanism for extracting the working body;

3) the lack of regulation of the speed of acceleration of the working body.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the copra for ramming pits in the ground during the preparation of foundations and the construction of pile foundations in construction.

The technical problem is solved in that in a hydraulic pile driver for tamping pits in the ground, it includes a base machine, a support mast mounted on a base machine, a carriage mounted on a pile mast, a cable block carriage lifting system, a mast mast guidance mechanism, a working body, a gripper, a mechanism braking of the gripping device, a lifting and dropping device, and the coper mast at the bottom is equipped with a retractable fifth with a hydraulic control mechanism, an asset is installed on the carriage Op consisting of a working cylinder with a piston rod and cooperating with a gripping device, the stroke length is greater than the distance to the stop disengaging from the gripping device and the piston cylinder cavity activator communicates with pneumatic accumulator, an adjustable throttle means included in the overflow pipe.

Performing a hydraulic pile driver for ramming pits in the ground allows to reduce the overall dimensions of the pile equipment by reducing the height of the pile mast; to simplify the execution of the mechanism for extracting the working body due to the installation of an activator, consisting of a working cylinder with a piston and rod, the stroke length of which is greater than the distance to the stop of uncoupling with the gripper; to regulate with increasing speed the acceleration of the working body due to the message of the piston cavity of the activator cylinder with a pneumatic accumulator connected via an adjustable throttle to the overflow pipe.

The performance of the hydraulic head is illustrated by the drawings:

figure 1 shows a hydraulic pile driver for stamping pits in the ground;

figure 2 shows the hydraulic acceleration mechanism with a gripper;

figure 3 shows the hydraulic control circuit.

The hydraulic pile driver (see Fig. 1) consists of a base machine 1 with an arrow 2, a pile mast 3 with a tip 4, a carriage of a hydraulic acceleration mechanism 5 with an activator 6, a gripping device 7, a working body - rammers 8, a mechanism for extending the support foot 9 mast 3, guidance mechanism 10 mast, cable block system 11 for lifting and dumping the rammer 8, moving along the guides 12 of the mast mast 3, the throat 13 articulated with the eyes 14 of the carriage of the hydraulic acceleration mechanism 5.

The hydraulic acceleration mechanism with a gripping device (see figure 2) consists of an activator 6, rigidly fixed with clamps 20 to the carriage of the hydraulic acceleration mechanism 5, while the rod 15 of the activator 6 is pivotally connected to the eyes 16 of the gripping device 7, moving along the guides 17 carriages 5. Working body - rammer 8 has a carriage 18, rigidly connected to the working body, moving along the guides 12 of the pile mast 3. An emphasis 19 is mounted on the mast with the possibility of kinematic interaction with the gripping device 7 d For disengaging the working body - rammers 8.

The hydraulic control system (see Fig. 3) of the equipment includes a hydraulic tank 21, a hydraulic pump 22, a spool valve 23, a safety valve 24, a filter 25, a pressure pipe 26, a drain pipe 27, a pipe 28 of the rod cavity 29 of the activator 6, an overflow pipe 30, connected via an accumulator 31 and an adjustable throttle 32 to a piston cavity 33 of the activator 6, a hydraulic cylinder 34 for extending the support heel 9, hydraulic cylinders for longitudinal extension 35 and lateral swing 36 of the guidance mechanism 10 of the mast 3.

A pile driver for ramming pits works as follows. The base machine 1 with attachments drives up to the place of ramming the pits. Turn on the hydraulic pump 22, the working fluid under pressure flows through the pressure pipe 26 to the section of the valve 23 and when it is switched using the hydraulic cylinder 34, the retractable supporting heel 9 is lowered and pressed to the ground. Then, by switching the sections of the spool valve 23 using the hydraulic cylinders 35 and 36 of the guidance mechanism 10 set up the mast 3 with the working body 8. The cable carriage 11 then lifts the carriage of the hydraulic acceleration mechanism 5 with the help of a cable and a thimble 13, pivotally connected to the eyes 14, together with the working body 8, mounted on the carriage 18, moving along the guides 12 of the pile mast 3 to the required dumping height of the rammer. The section of the activator 6 hydraulic distributor 23 is turned on and the working fluid is pressurized from the hydraulic pump 22 through the pressure pipe 26, the overflow pipe 30 and through an adjustable throttle 32 to the piston cavity 33. The pneumatic accumulator 31 connected to the piston cavity 33 creates additional pressure in it. At the same time, the rod cavity 29 of the activator 6 through the pipe 28 and the valve section 23 is connected to the drain pipe 27 and the hydraulic tank 21. Under the action of the pressure of the working fluid in the piston cavity 33, the rod 15 of the activator 6 with the articulated gripping device 7 is accelerated along the guides 17 of the carriage of the hydraulic acceleration mechanism 5 and at the same time pushes the working body - tamper 8. At the end of the activator's stroke 6, the gripper 7 kinematically interacts with a stop 19 fixed to the coping m Note 3, in this case, the capture of the working body 8 is released and it is immersed in the ground by a certain amount under the influence of an acceleration pulse and gravitational forces. After that, lower the cable attached to the carriage of the hydraulic acceleration mechanism 5, which moves along the guides 12 of the mast mast 3 until it engages with the working body 8. Then switch the section of the valve 23 so that the working fluid from the hydraulic tank 21 from the hydraulic pump 22 through the pressure pipe 26 , through the section of the control valve 23 through the pipeline 28 under pressure entered the rod cavity 29 of the activator 6. In this case, the activator is cocked and the working body 8 is removed from the soil. Then, with the help of a cable-block system 11, pivotally connected by means of a thimble 13 with eyes 14, the carriage of the hydraulic acceleration mechanism 5 is further lifted with a gripping device 7 and a working body 8 to their original position for a new reset.

Next, the process of tamping the pit continues in the above sequence. After tamping the pit to the design elevation, the working body 8 rises to the transport position, turn on the hydraulic cylinder 34 to retract the retractable support heel 9, and then the base machine 1 moves to a new place for tamping the pit.

Claims (1)

A hydraulic pile driver for tamping pits in the ground, including a base machine, a support mast mounted on a base machine, a carriage mounted on a pile mast, a cable block carriage lifting system, a mast mast guidance mechanism, a working body, a gripping device, a gripping device braking mechanism, a lifting device a dropping device, characterized in that the bottom mast is equipped with a retractable heel with a hydraulic control mechanism, an activator is installed on the carriage, consisting of bringing a cylinder with a piston and a rod interacting with a gripping device, the stroke length of which is greater than the distance to the stop of disengagement with the gripping device, and the piston cavity of the activator cylinder is in communication with a pneumatic accumulator connected via an adjustable throttle to the overflow pipe.

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