RU2323020C1 - Device for electrostimulating gastrointestinal tract - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has casing shaped as capsule by two cup-like stimulating electrodes isolated from each other with dielectric part having holes. Pulse oscillator is mounted in sealed compartment of the casing and connected to the first cup-like stimulating electrode and single electrode manufactured from material, having its electrochemical potential different from that of one of stimulating electrodes, allowing galvanic cell to be formed. Bipolar electrodes are available in dielectric part of the casing, each made as two flat electrodes of different electrochemical potentials separated with dielectric packing and being in direct electric contact to each other. The flat electrodes arranged with respect to the single electrode and one of stimulating electrodes in a way that galvanic cell is creatable between every pair of electrodes, and volumes, fillable with organism media containing water-retaining filler, are formed between the single electrode, bipolar electrodes and stimulating electrode.

EFFECT: prolonged service life under increased galvanic cell voltage.

2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of biomedical engineering, more specifically to electro-stimulating devices for the diagnosis and treatment of organs and tissues.

Known electrical stimulator of the gastrointestinal tract, comprising a housing formed in the form of a capsule by two cup-shaped stimulating electrodes isolated from each other by a dielectric part provided with holes, a pulse generator located in a sealed compartment of the housing connected to a cup-shaped stimulating electrodes and to a single electrode made of material whose electrochemical potential differs from the electrochemical potential of one of the stimulating electrodes, with the possibility of contact with him of the galvanic cell [RF patent No. 2203697, IPC 7 A61N 1/36, publ. 05/10/2003. bull. No. 13].

We have taken this electrical stimulator as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known electrical stimulator are low voltages generated on the electrodes of a galvanic cell (GE) with its two-electrode design, leading to the necessity of introducing a voltage converter into the pulse generator circuit to obtain the required voltage value of the pulse generator and, as a consequence, to reduce the reliability of the electrical stimulator and to increase its value.

An object of the present invention is to increase the supply voltage for a pulse generator.

This object is achieved by the fact that in the electric stimulator of the gastrointestinal tract, comprising a body formed in the form of a capsule by two cup-shaped stimulating electrodes, isolated from each other by a dielectric part provided with holes, a pulse generator located in the sealed compartment of the housing connected to the cup-shaped stimulating electrodes and with a single electrode made of a material whose electrochemical potential differs from the electrochemical potential of one of of electrodes so as to form with it a galvanic cell within the dielectric housing portion arranged bipolar electrodes, each of which is in the form of two planar electrodes with different electrochemical potentials, separated by a dielectric strip and are in direct electrical contact with each other. In this case, the flat electrodes with respect to a single electrode and one of the stimulating electrodes are oriented with the possibility of the formation of a galvanic cell between each pair of electrodes. Moreover, between a single electrode, bipolar electrodes and a stimulating electrode, volumes are formed with the possibility of filling them with body media and containing a water-retaining filler.

The proposed design, which ensures the sequential inclusion of galvanic cells, allows to achieve the desired result - an increase in the supply voltage for the pulse generator.

The essence of the invention below is illustrated by a description of an example of the proposed design of an electrical stimulator with reference to the drawings (Fig.1, 2).

Figure 1 - electrical stimulator of the gastrointestinal tract in longitudinal section with bipolar electrodes.

Figure 2 - the dielectric part of the electrical stimulator.

The pacemaker consists of a housing containing two cup-shaped stimulating electrodes 1, 2 and a dielectric part 3 with holes 4, a single electrode 5 and bipolar electrodes, consisting of two flat electrodes 6 and 7, separated by a dielectric pad 8 and made of the same materials as electrodes 5 and 2, the electrodes 6 and 7 being electrically connected to each other. Flat electrodes 6 and 7 are oriented with respect to a single electrode 5, a bowl-shaped stimulating electrode 2 and between each other so that each pair of electrodes forms a galvanic cell. The bipolar electrodes are installed in special grooves 9 (Fig. 2) on the inner surface of the dielectric part 3. In this case, the pulse generator 10 is connected to the stimulating cup-shaped electrodes 1 and 2 and to the single electrode 5. Between the single electrode 5, the bipolar electrodes and the stimulating electrode 2 are formed volumes that may contain moisture-retaining filler 11 and are filled with body fluids.

As electrodes 6 and 7 of a galvanic cell, plates of steel 12X18H9 and plates of aluminum can be used. The number of bipolar electrodes is determined by the supply voltage of the pulse generator circuit, which will be the sum of the voltages of the series-connected galvanic cells.

The experimentally measured voltage values for the Al - 12X18H9 system in 1% hydrochloric acid (simulator of gastric juice) at a discharge current of 1 mA (which is ten times higher than the average operating current of serial autonomous gastrointestinal electrical stimulators) amounted to 0.82 ... 0.98 V. For the stable operation of the pulse generator on the I106A microcircuit [TU KLGYA. 431238.600 TU. Chip I106A. - 1991. - 22 p.] 3 bipolar electrodes are required.

The electrical contact between the electrodes 6 and 7 can be made by riveting along the edges of the plates, while the riveting site should be insulated and placed in the groove 9 of the dielectric part of the housing 3.

As the water-retaining filler 11, for example, a multilayer electrotechnical alignin can be used. As a dielectric strip 8, you can use tape fluoroplast-4.

The electrical stimulator works as follows. When an electrostimulator enters the gastrointestinal tract, gastric juice (saliva or bile) is impregnated through a hole 4 in the dielectric part of the electrostimulator body 3 with a moisture-retaining filler 11. Between a single electrode 5 and a bowl-shaped stimulating electrode 2, the total voltage of the cells connected in series appears. The time of bringing such current sources to the state of operational readiness ranges from 0.1 s to several seconds [O. Nalesnik General theory of chemical current sources. - Tomsk .: TPI, 1985. - 94 p.]. This voltage is supplied to the pulse generator 10. The pulse generator 10 starts to work by supplying a series of electrical pulses to the bowl-shaped stimulating electrodes 1 and 2 of the electric stimulator.

When an electric stimulator is in the gastrointestinal tract, the current-forming reaction in an acidic environment can be represented as:

as a result of separate reactions on the anode:

at the cathode:

where Me is the metal of the additional electrode; e is an electron.

The current-forming reaction in a slightly alkaline or in a neutral medium can be written as:

as a result of water ionization at the cathode:

and the formation of metal hydroxide at the anode:

.

.

When metal hydroxide is accumulated in a limited volume of a neutral or slightly alkaline medium, it is dehydrated:

.

.

Then the total reaction (6) in an alkaline or neutral medium, taking into account reaction (9), will be written in the form:

.

.

From the presented formulas it follows that with the appropriate selection of electrodes of the galvanic cell, toxic reaction products do not form during its operation.

Claims (1)

A gastrointestinal tract electrical stimulator, comprising a housing formed in the form of a capsule by two cup-shaped stimulating electrodes isolated from each other by a dielectric part provided with holes, a pulse generator located in the sealed compartment of the housing, connected to the first cup-shaped stimulating electrode and a single electrode made of material, whose electrochemical potential differs from the electrochemical potential of one of the stimulating electrodes, with the possibility of with it a galvanic cell, characterized in that bipolar electrodes are placed inside the dielectric part of the housing, each of which is made in the form of two flat electrodes with different electrochemical potentials, separated by a dielectric gasket and in direct electrical contact with each other, while the flat electrodes in relation to to a single electrode and one of the stimulating electrodes are oriented with the possibility of formation between each pair of electrodes of a galvanic cell, and between the single electrode, the bipolar electrodes and the stimulating electrode, volumes are formed with the possibility of filling them with body media containing a water-retaining filler.

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