RU2322051C2 - Set of equipment for commercial production of brine shrimp in artificial tanks using open-closed process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: commercial production of brine shrimp in artificial tanks.

SUBSTANCE: set of equipment comprises artificial reservoirs to be filled with water, reservoir insulation equipment, with reservoirs for production houses and stock reservoirs for brine, sweet water and spare reservoir with valves in bottom part of side wall being used for processes. Branch pipes of flexible hoses of aeration system with respective openings or petal-type valves are provided on side wall bottoms. Reservoirs have transparent two-sectioned covers with process openings for flexible hoses of aeration system. Hanger-type netted box with closable cover for introducing dry feeds and bird's dung comprises suspension cable or bracket with T-shaped plastic or metal hook. Mobile netted filter-collector for collecting of biomass from basins has metal casing formed as tripod with ring for attachment of detachable sieves, and metal tray with flexible hose for returning of water into basin. Set of equipment is additionally equipped with movable process cart for collecting of biomass and introducing of suspension type feeds. Spare reservoir has fine filter, brine shrimp collecting injector, and coarse filter-shield consisting of two sections. Tray has devices for dispensing of biomass into package for further freezing. Biomass extracting device has box-like casing, upper cover, and bottom flaps which are opened upward by means of manual drive. Set is further equipped with electric heating drying unit having brine shrimp drying trays, combined vacuum-electric heating drying unit with metal hermetically sealed cylindrical casing having conical upper part incorporating drying-heating equipment including rotating multiple-tier vertical cellular drum or free from it, fan, air heating or electric heating members or heater for solar station, hermetical valve for fan with electric drive.

EFFECT: reduced labor intensity, decreased production costs, and simplified maintenance and operation.

Description

The invention relates to the feed production industry and is intended to ensure the industrial production of aquatic invertebrate brine shrimp during the year in artificial conditions.

There are various devices for growing aquatic invertebrate - leaf-footed crustacean Artemia salina (hereinafter referred to as artemia) using aquaculture technology: in cages of small capacity, in the warm season - in small pools containing a habitat - brine of salt lakes, sea water (hereinafter - the environment, brine, water), structurally combined with stationary stainless steel pipelines, using internal mesh containers, stationary heating and water treatment systems, feed application (Ivleva I.V. Biological basis and methods of mass cultivation of forage invertebrates -. M .: Nauka, 1969. - p.171). Equipment for drying various materials, packaging can be used in relation to brine shrimp after appropriate revision.

Dryers for grain SL-0.3 × 2, technological vacuum units VS-350, UV-1.0 (State Agro-Industrial Committee of the USSR. Department of Mechanization and Electrification. All-Russian Research Institute of Mechanization. Manual on the mechanization of selection and seed-growing processes. - M .: Production and Publishing Plant AgroNIIETIIITO, departed at the Production and Publishing Plant VINITI, 1988. - P.144; TU 25.7401.0132-95; TU 3.05.016-93.1610.UV-1.0.009TU).

As a prototype, devices for growing brine shrimp in small-capacity cages — rafts using pulsation pumps (Rudneva II Artemia. Prospects for use in the national economy. - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1991. - P.141) can be considered.

The disadvantages of the analogue and prototype are: the high cost of technological equipment and pipelines due to their manufacture from stainless steel, the need for special construction of production facilities, the need to use a significant number of pulsation pumps to add additional feed to each tank, high energy consumption for heating water and air, and complicated maintenance equipment.

An object of the invention with respect to the production workshop is to provide simple, inexpensive, efficient industrial production, including the cultivation, collection and processing of brine shrimp as dry feed for livestock and poultry for a year in various tanks, and frozen for long-term storage.

This technical task is implemented as follows.

The set of equipment includes: a centralized system for heating water, air using boiler houses, heaters using natural gas or liquid fuel, solar plants, biogas plants, a centralized aeration system, equipment for additional insolation of containers, laboratory equipment for monitoring the biological, physico-chemical characteristics of brine, development brine shrimp, including the following devices not used in the prototype - solar dryers used for drying vegetables and fruits, used in a new quality tve, with increased size of trays, gas, electric heating, biogas, vacuum, electric heating and vacuum drying systems with dispensers and bag-filling devices, devices for packaging dried brine shrimp in various bag containers and vacuum packaging, centrifugal water pumps, mobile low-pressure diesel air electric compressors with degreasing filters, devices for freezing and packaging frozen biomass, electrical equipment, water supply, sewage, exhaust ventilation, containers for production workshops with the main standard sizes 1.2 × 3 × 1 m, made of aluminum alloys AMG-3.6 or environmentally friendly plastics suitable for food purposes, with protectors and nozzles for aeration installed at the bottom, located in the lower part of the bottom side walls with valves for draining water, two-section transparent container covers, containers for open areas made of metal, rubber, plastic, including inflatable ones, up to 0.6 m deep, vertical and horizontal biomass seals (rigid - for containers, gy (for swimming pools), mobile technological trolleys for maintaining the physicochemical characteristics of the environment, feeding fodder, collecting brine shrimp with a tank, a set of screens and containers for collecting brine shrimp, a water electric pump with flexible hoses, an brine injector for collecting brine shrimp, mobile tube-type transport trolleys for moving trays of drying plants with a removable drip tray to collect draining water, a mobile strainer - a collection for biomass from pools with a tray and a flexible drain hose water to the pool, a centralized water treatment system for pools of chemical plants, a filter for fine purification of water from tanks, a separation filter - a coarse filter for tanks, flexible hoses for centrifugal water pumps of a centralized water treatment system with replaceable mesh filter nozzles for tanks, large-sized protectors for pools, prefabricated containers with trays and dispensers for storing collected biomass and pouring into packaging for freezing or in trays of drying plants, standby containers - one each ohm for brine, fresh water, one free, made of aluminum alloys, low carbon steel, plastics with valves in the bottom of the side walls without protectors and aeration hoses, an electric forklift with a removable rotary boom and a lifting mechanism, with a box-shaped mesh extractor for collecting brine shrimp, mounted mesh boxes for making dry feed, bird droppings.

The production tanks of the main sizes on the bottom have brackets for attaching flexible nozzles for aeration with holes with a diameter of 0.001 m or petal valves placed at intervals of 0.25 m. The flexible hose system for aeration of pools is held at the bottom with concrete weights, holes or petal valves are placed at intervals of 2 m, hole diameter 0.002 m. Protectors are made of several rectangular sheets, for example, low-carbon steel St3, located one above the other, have plastic insulating from the bottom legs. One protector is installed in the tank, several in the pools. Tread sheet dimensions: for capacity - 0.003 × 0.015 × 0.1 m; for pools - 0.003 × 0.75 × 0.5 m. The distance between the sheets: for containers - 0.01 m; for pools - 0.05 m. Valves for draining water from containers with a diameter of up to 0.1 m are installed in plastic sleeves that exclude the contact of various metals of adapters and containers. The hinged mesh box for applying dry feed, the litter includes a removable wooden or plastic square bar, a frame box with a lid that is fixed when closing, covered with a mesh with a mesh size corresponding to the type of feed, a hanging rope or bracket with an L-shaped plastic or metal hook for attachment to the suspension. In the pools, several pairs of blocks with cables are used, installed on both sides of the pool, with which the containers move to the middle of the pool. Rope length or suspension bracket must ensure the depth of immersion of the container by _^1/2 of the container depth. The dimensions of the container correspond to the volume of the container and the type of feed. The two-section cover of the production tank with a technological hole for flexible hoses of the aeration system in the form of a frame of wooden or plastic strips of rectangular cross-section on the lower side has a groove for the plates of the side walls of the tank and is covered with a transparent plastic film. The vertical and horizontal biomass seals for production tanks are in the form of a rectangular frame made of metal or plastic, covered with a mesh with mesh sizes of not more than 0.003 × 0.003 m. The upper part of the vertical biomass seal has U-shaped hooks for suspension on the side walls of the tank, its dimensions correspond to the transverse section of the tank, reduced by 0.01 m. The horizontal biomass compactor is made of the same materials with two main sizes: 0.45 × 0.95 m, 0.30 × 0.95 m, has two brackets with U-shaped s trailers for mounting on the side walls of the tank, mounted in the middle of the smaller side frames of the frame. For pools, vertical biomass compactors of two sizes are used: corresponding to the cross section of the pool, and with a length of 1/5 of the length of the pool. Both have a device similar to nets: they are made of mesh with a mesh size of 0.003 × 0.003 m, the perimeter is formed by a flexible rope threaded into the mesh with floats along the entire length of the upper part and weights in the lower part, which allow the mesh to be immersed to a distance of not more than 0.4 m from the bottom. A square horizontal biomass compactor for pools with a side 1/5 of the pool length has sinkers along the perimeter, providing its immersion at 2/3 of the pool depth, and several floats on flexible ropes, ensuring its retention at this depth. The horizontal biomass compactor is made of the same materials as the vertical ones. The mobile technological trolley of a welded construction made of VGP pipes has a housing with dimensions that allow its free movement between containers and a height of not more than 1.3 m, consisting of four vertical racks with swivel wheels, two horizontal lateral crossbars in width on each side at the top and bottom, the base of the two lower horizontal rungs in length, connected with an interval of 1/3 of the width with the lower side rungs in width. Crossbars of the base, racks have fastenings of a water electric pump, flexible hoses, an injector, ballasts. The upper crossbars are connected in length with the uprights at the joints of the upper lateral crossbars in width, together form a rectangular frame, shifted down to 0.07 m from the tops of the uprights, into which a removable tank made of aluminum alloys or plastics is installed with an interference fit. The tank through a drain pipe with a valve, the tee is connected to the suction pipe of a water electric pump, the second inlet of the tee has a flexible inlet hose. A removable handle is worn on the upper ends of the racks. Removable sieves for collecting brine shrimp from metal or plastic have a box-shaped frame structure, are covered with a mesh with a mesh size of 0.003 × 0.003 m, have dimensions and mounts for installation in the upper opening of the tanks. Removable boxes for collecting brine shrimp from metal or plastic have a box-shaped frame structure, are covered with a mesh with a mesh size of 0.003 × 0.003 m, have dimensions and mounts for installation of technological carts in the upper opening of the tank. The mobile filter mesh for collecting biomass from pools is made of metal and has a body in the form of a tripod with a ring in the upper part for installing removable screens for collecting brine shrimp fitted with a suitable mesh, a metal or plastic tray with an opening and a flexible hose. A filter for fine purification of water from containers is installed on the mesh bottom of the filter housing, includes several layers of filter fabric, a fabric bag with activated carbon divided into several sections, the filter housing made of metal, wood or plastic has dimensions and mounts for installation in the upper opening of the reserve containers. Filter - a rough cleaning shield made of metal, wood or plastic consists of two sections of a rectangular shape with dimensions corresponding to the cross section of the container, each with a groove for installing the seal, except for the upper crossbar of the frame. One section is covered with a mesh with a mesh of 0.003 × 0.003 m, the other with a mesh size of 0.001 × 0.001 m. Replaceable nozzles of flexible hoses made of metal or plastic have a nozzle inserted into the hose with an interference fit, a cylindrical or spherical frame body fitted with a mesh with a mesh size of 0.003 × 0.003 or 0.001 × 0.001 m. Prefabricated containers for storing collected brine shrimp from metal in the form of ladles with a mesh bottom, metal pallets or plastic trays for collecting water have supports with a tipping mechanism or without it, trays with dispensers for filling biomass into packaging for stiffness zhivaniya or tray dryers. The lifting platform of the electric lift truck is equipped with a removable rotary boom with a lifting mechanism, including a reversible electric motor with a drum, a flexible cable, a cargo hook, a system of blocks and protective devices, and corresponding ballast equipment. The extractor for collecting brine shrimp from metal or plastic has a box construction with dimensions that allow immersion in a container, a closing top cover, opening bottom flaps, closing the bottom of the body before lifting the extractor out of the water with an appropriate manual drive. The extractor case is covered with a mesh with a mesh size of 0.003 × 0.003 m. Drying vacuum units have drying chambers made of metal with a volume of up to 3 m3. with several internal sections with multi-level guides of drying trays. Sections are closed tightly. The drying trays of box-shaped metal, wood or plastic have a mesh bottom with a mesh size of 0.003 × 0.003 m. A rotating multi-tier vertical honeycomb drum can be used to place the drying trays in any type of drying plant. The drying chamber is connected by a sealed pipe to a vacuum unit. The drying electric heating plant is equipped with additional heating elements with an increase in their power by 1.5 times to ensure an increase in air temperature up to 333 degrees, a temperature control system on a microprocessor with appropriate software, mesh bottom trays with a mesh size of 0.003 × 0.003 m. Combined vacuum -electric heating dryer has a sealed metal cylindrical body with hermetically sealed technological hatches, g rmoklapanom with electric drying fan, germorazemami cable glands and electrical cable, sealed front covers drying trays. In the duct of the upper conical part of the casing, a pop-up poppet valve with a round flap is installed, having an articulated lever-screw electric drive with a reversible electric motor and a backup manual drive. Drying equipment, including an electric fan and thermoelectric heating elements or a solar water heater, is installed in the lower part of the housing. Drying trays with a mesh bottom with a mesh size of 0.003 × 0.003 m are installed in the guides of the drying chamber or drum. The drying chamber is connected to the vacuum unit by a sealed pipe. The temperature and time regime of the installation is controlled by a microprocessor with appropriate software and redundancy of manual switching on of individual operations. The control unit, ballasts, bag-filling device with a dispenser are installed outside the unit.

Principle of operation

The skimmed air aeration system provides the necessary oxygen content in the medium. Protectors increase the iron content in the medium, compensating for its consumption with artemia and reducing the concentration of iron hydroxide in water from aeration through a chemical reaction with the medium. The batch-sheet design increases the tread's response area, insulating legs prevent electrochemical corrosion of containers. The same purpose is ensured by plastic bushings for mounting valves, the outer pipes of which have quick-disconnect connections with flexible hoses. Valves can be used to discharge thick filtered sludge when cleaning or replacing water in a tank, taking water after a coarse filter to supply a fine filter to a free reserve tank. Mounted mesh boxes for making dry feed, droppings ensure their dispersion and high solubility in the medium, uniform distribution, prevent clogging of containers, the suspension system ensures the placement of boxes in the middle of any tank capacity. The lids of the containers provide a reduction in water evaporation, good insolation due to a transparent polyethylene film, the introduction of a flexible aeration hose through the technological hole, can be installed on top of the suspension of boxes for making dry feed, litter. Vertical and horizontal biomass compactors when moving in a medium provide artemia concentration in a small volume of the tank, efficient collection of biomass in any way. For nozzles of an injector or other pump, the horizontal seal has technological holes and is not used when collecting artemia with an extractor. The technological trolley has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, located horizontally on the narrow side with the provision of changing the direction of movement due to the swivel wheels and a removable U-shaped handle. To collect biomass, the pouring hose of a centrifugal electric water pump is connected to an injector placed in a container, followed by immersion of a horizontal sealant in it. The suction hose of the water pump is placed in a container, the injection hose of the injector is placed in a sieve for collecting brine shrimp. After turning on the water pump, the injector sucks the brine with artemia, which remains in the sieve, and the brine flows into the same container. As the biomass is filled, it is poured into the containers of the trolley, the water flowing into the tank from the containers after processing the tank, disconnecting the injector through the water pump discharge hose returns to the same tank. Subsequent containers are handled similarly. When using pumps other than injectors, their suction hoses are placed under the horizontal seal, the discharge hoses are placed in sieves. After processing the sieves are removed from the containers, the containers are sent to the drying or freezing of biomass. To make feed in the form of suspensions, the suction hose of the water pump is placed in the tank, the trolley tank is filled with water, and dry feed is introduced into it. After mixing, the pump discharge hose is placed in a container, and the suspension is pumped into it from the tank. Similarly, the processing of pools using water pumps, injectors of greater power. When using serial production trolleys for processing any containers, pools with a reduction in biomass collection time, energy consumption, this is ensured by the reverse order of operations: preliminary placing a horizontal seal on the bottom of the tank, then moving the vertical seal and raising the horizontal seal to the water surface, lowering the injector or a suction pipe of a pump of a different type in the volume of water highlighted by horizontal and vertical seals. When collecting biomass from the pool, the injector discharge hose is placed in a mobile sieve, the sieve drain hose is lowered into the pool to return water. If there is an electric crane in the pool room, artemia can be collected without using pumps by lifting from the bottom of the horizontal seal when using the reverse order of operations and lifting mechanisms of the electric crane. Water purification and replacement are carried out after collecting brine shrimp according to the results of analyzes of the physicochemical characteristics of the medium. The first section of the filter is a coarse shield with a large mesh and the second with a mesh having a smaller mesh, vertically installed at a distance of 0.25-0.15 m, respectively, from the smaller side wall with a valve, while a rubber or other seal provides a tight fit with interference fit of the filter frame. The flexible suction hose of a high-performance centrifugal pump is connected to the valve or lowered into a container near the side wall, the pouring hose is placed in a fine filter, previously installed in a reserve tank. After the end of water treatment, the filtered precipitate is discharged into the sewer, the tank is washed with clean water, and it is filled with brine from the reserve tank after transferring the electric pump hoses. A fabric filter, activated carbon purify brine from fine artemia vital products. Replaceable nozzles of flexible hoses are used for operations with a small turnover of water, with special environmental pollution. The collected biomass can be poured into trays of drying plants or in packaging for freezing using recycled containers of technological trolleys or placed in a bucket collection tank for temporary storage. Artemia is poured from them through trays with dispensers using tippers. The brine draining into the pan returns to the container. When collecting artemia using a lifting device on an electric forklift, a biomass extractor with a closed top cover is hung on the hook of the cable of the rotary boom of the lifting device of the loader, mounted above the container opening, separated by a vertical seal. The bottom flaps open upwards, the extractor is immersed in the container to the bottom, the extractor bottom flaps are closed, after lifting the extractor and the water swells by turning the boom, it is installed over the collecting boxes of the technological trolley, the top cover opens, the extractor is tilted, the biomass is poured into the collecting container, electric forklift and technological trolley move to the next tank. Water flowing into the tank of the technological trolley is pumped into a tank by a centrifugal pump. For vacuum drying, trays with biomass are placed in the guides of the drying chamber or drum, the sealed sections covers are closed, the vacuum unit is turned on, and the air is pumped out. Several evacuation cycles may be carried out. For drying in an electric heating installation, trays with biomass are installed in the guides of the drying chamber or drum, the installation is turned on, heated air is blown by the fan through the trays, can be carried out in open areas, drying in solar dryers and on canvas awnings stretched above the ground. A layer of brine shrimp on awnings - up to 0.15 m. When drying in solar dryers, the trays in sections periodically change places. For drying in vacuum-heating installations, biomass trays are installed in the guides of the drying chamber or drum. For drying with heated air, after switching on the unit, the drying valve and the pressure valve of the upper duct located at the base automatically open and the heated air is driven through the trays by the fan. For vacuum drying, the pressure valves of the drying fan and the upper duct are closed, the vacuum unit is turned on, and the air from the dryer unit is pumped out. Technological hatches, front pressurized covers of drying trays remain closed during drying. During drying by all types of installations, on awnings, the control of residual moisture is carried out by weighing the control volume of brine shrimp with a frequency of up to 3600 seconds, drying stops when the termination of weight loss is established by the control volume of biomass. The operation of vacuum, electric heating, vacuum-electric heating systems is controlled by a microprocessor with appropriate software in automatic mode. After drying, artemia is packed in bags using bag-filling devices, vacuum packaging.

The use of the proposed set of equipment provides new technical properties: it has a low cost, the ability to install in specially unsuitable rooms, it reduces labor costs, for example, by eliminating the collection of brine shrimp by nets when collecting it with injectors and other devices, it provides drying and packaging of biomass, and the ease of use of devices .

Claims (1)

A set of equipment for the industrial production of brine shrimp in artificial reservoirs using open-closed technology, including artificial containers for filling with water, equipment for insolation of containers, and containers for production shops and reserve containers for brine, fresh water and free tank made of aluminum alloys AMG- are used 3.6 or of plastics with valves in the bottom of the side walls, at the bottom of which there are pipes for flexible hoses of the aeration system with corresponding holes or with petal flaps, mild steel sheet protectors, transparent two-piece tank lids with process holes for flexible hoses of the aeration system, also a hinged mesh box with a closing lid for applying dry feed and manure, which includes a hanging rope or bracket with T- shaped plastic or metal hook, while the tanks are equipped with vertical and horizontal biomass seals for production tanks with a rectangular frame of metal or plastic covered with a mesh, mesh biomass seals with two vertical sizes and one horizontal, while their perimeter is formed by a flexible wire threaded into the mesh with floats along the entire length of the upper part and sinkers in the lower part, a mobile mesh filter collector for collecting biomass from the pools, which has a metal case in the form of a tripod with a ring for installing removable screens and is equipped with a metal tray with a flexible hose for returning water to the pool, the kit is additionally equipped with a mobile technological trolley for collecting biomass and feeding feed in the form of suspensions, which has a welded construction of pipes with swivel wheels, a water electric pump with flexible hoses, while the trolley contains a removable tank, removable box mesh screens for collecting biomass from containers, removable boxes for assembled brine shrimp, and the free tank contains a fine filter, which has a housing with a mesh bottom, several layers of filter cloth, divided into sections of a fabric bag with activated carbon, mouth Installed in a spare free tank, an injector for collecting brine shrimp, a rough filter, consisting of two sections of a rectangular shape with grooves for installing a seal, prefabricated containers made of metal in the form of ladles with a mesh bottom and with a tray for collecting water, and has supports with with or without a tipper, a tray with dispensers for pouring biomass into the packaging for freezing or trays of drying plants, an electric forklift lifting platform equipped with a removable rotary boom with a lifting mechanism, a biomass extractor s, the case of which has a box-shaped structure, a closing upper cover, bottom flaps opening upward, closing the bottom of the case before lifting the extractor from the water with a manual drive; an electric heating dryer with artemia drying trays, a combined vacuum-electric heating dryer with a cylindrical metal hermetic casing with a conical upper part, in which drying and heating equipment is installed, including a rotating multi-tier vertical honeycomb drum, a fan, air heat electric heating elements or solar heating coil, electrically driven air dryer drying valve an electrically driven outlet air duct valve installed in the upper conical part, redundant manual actuators of both pressure valves, hermetic access hatches, hermetic leads of electric cables, ballasts installed outside the sealed enclosure, drying trays with a mesh bottom and sealed front covers, a vacuum unit connected to a cylindrical sealed piping housing, control unit combined with microprocessor with software and manual backup on specific operations, rubber, metal or plastic containers for open areas, a solar dryer, a bag-filling device.