RU2321458C1 - Method for preparing of rye and wheat grain for processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: flour-and-cereals industry, in particular, preparing of grain for processing.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cleaning grain from impurities; cleaning grain surface; wetting grain to moisture content of 14-15%; softening during 4-20 min; processing grain in roll machine with gap between rolls making 1.9 mm; aspirating grain. Such method facilitates in cleaning of grain surface and partial removal of coatings.

EFFECT: reduced grain preparing time owing to decreased moistening time, and reduced consumption of power for further grinding process owing to disturbing of seed integrity.

1 tbl, 7 ex

Description

The invention relates to the milling industry, in particular to methods for preparing grain for processing.

A known method of preparing grain for high-quality grinding, including cleaning from impurities, processing the surface of the grain in scouring machines, the main stage of hydrothermal processing of grain (moistening in humidifying screws and subsequent smoothing), reprocessing the surface of the grain in scouring machines, processing in the entoletor, skipping after it through an aspirator and additional hydration and smoothing. Ash reduction indirectly characterizes surface cleaning. The grain ash after processing in scouring machines with an abrasive cylinder should be reduced by at least 0.03-0.05%, in scouring machines with a steel cylinder by 0.01-0.03%. The rye is moistened up to 14-15%, wheat up to 14-16.5%, the aging time ranges from 3 to 24 hours depending on the type and quality of grain (see Egorov G. A. Flour technology. Grain technology - M .: Kolos , 2005, p. 84-85, 100-101; Butkovsky V.A., Merko A.I., Melnikov E.M. Technologies of grain processing industries - M .: Intergraf service, 1999, p. 98- 113).

The disadvantages of this method are the long duration of the sagging time, which is necessary for processing grain into flour, but is not needed when processing into cereals; the degree of grain surface cleaning is sufficient for processing grain into flour, since its peripheral parts go into bran, but insufficient for processing grain into groats.

A known method of preparing rye grain for varietal grinding, including cleaning from impurities, hydrothermal processing of grain (TRP), peeling grain on machines A1-ZShN-3, re-cleaning of impurities and additional moistening and smoothing of the grain before grinding. At the same time, 2-4% of the fruit membranes are removed. The grain is moistened up to 14.5%, cured for no more than 8 hours (see Egorov G.A., Petrenko T.P. Technology of flour and groats. - M .: Publishing complex MGUPP, 1999, p.178-180) .

The disadvantages of this method are the strong abrasion of the grain and high energy consumption when using peeling and grinding machines.

Known wet method of preparing grain for processing using after cleaning from impurities of the washing machine. Processing grain in a washer is most effective when cleaning the surface and moisturizing. In the washer bath, the grain is washed intensively - dirt and microorganisms are removed not only from the grain surface, but also from the furrow. When processing in the squeeze column of the washer, light peeling of the grain occurs. Simultaneously with cleaning the grain surface in the bath of the washing machine, hydrodynamic light and heavy impurities are removed from the grain mass. For washing grain, only drinking water is allowed. The reduction in the ash content of grain is 0.03-0.05% (see Egorov GA. Technology of flour. Technology of cereals - M .: Kolos, 2005, p. 83).

The disadvantages of this method are the high consumption of drinking water (about 2 m ³ per 1 ton of grain), the cost of construction of treatment facilities for monitoring wastewater and waste, so this method is used in practice only for pasta grinding.

Also known is a method of preparing grain for processing using wet peeling machines A1-HMS. As a result of impact and intense mutual friction of the grains, the surface of the grain is cleaned of mineral contamination, torn shells, germ particles and beards. The efficiency of A1-HMS machines is estimated by moistening the grain by 1.6-2%, the amount of waste 0.1%, the ash content of the waste is not less than 3%. The decrease in the ash content of grain is 0.02-0.05%. A distinctive feature of wet peeling machines is the combination of the functions of washing and peeling grain (see Butkovsky, V.A., Merko A.I., Melnikov E.M. Technologies for grain processing industries - M .: Intergraf service, 1999, p. 82 -86).

The disadvantages of this method are the difficulty in controlling the degree of moisture, especially for grain with an initial moisture content close to the technological one, the need to control raw waste, including the A1-BST separator, U2-BPO press and dryer, which increases the cost of equipment.

There is a known technique for grinding rye grain into seeded flour, which uses a roller mill having a special conditioning system that precedes the shredded process. In this case, the grain is slightly crushed, splits along the axis, and the dust accumulated in the groove can be removed. About 1% of fodder meal with a high ash content of 3.5-4.0% is selected on the flaking system. It should be noted that this system receives already refined grain that has passed the main and additional stages of hydrothermal treatment (see Egorov G.A. Melnikov E.M., Maksimchuk B.M. Technology of cereal flour and animal feed. - M.: Kolos, 1984, p.197-198).

The above methods are usually used in the preparation of grain for processing into flour, while it is necessary to achieve maximum loosening of the endosperm of the grain using hydrothermal treatment, which is undesirable when processing grain into groats. Upon receipt of cereals there is no need for intensive loosening of the endosperm and the TRP regimen should be different.

The closest solution in technical essence to the claimed one is a method of preparing wheat grain to obtain cereals Poltava and Artek. This method includes cleaning the grain from impurities, moistening the grain to 14.5-15%, baking from 0.5 to 2 hours, peeling by 2-fold passage through scouring machines with an abrasive cylinder, with otvetivaem waste after each passage through them . A sieving machine is used to control the waste. Instead of scouring machines, A1-ZShN-3 machines can be installed. When processing in scouring machines, more than 5% (by weight of wheat) of shells are removed, the ash content of which exceeds 4.5%; while the ash content of the grain is reduced by 0.17-0.23% (see Ginzburg M.E. Technology of cereal production - M .: Kolos, 1981, p.171-173).

The disadvantages of the method are the strong crushing of grain and, therefore, the cost of controlling waste, since it is necessary to use a screening machine, the biological value of the grain is reduced, since the shells are removed together with the particles of the aleurone layer.

Thus, the objective of the invention is to clean the surface of the grain with partial removal of the shells with minimal loosening of the endosperm, simplifying and increasing the efficiency of the process of preparing the grain for processing.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the time of grazing, reducing the process of preparing the grain for processing, partial removal of fruit shells and reducing energy costs.

The technical result provided by the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of preparing rye and wheat grain for grinding, which includes cleaning the grain from impurities, cleaning the surface, according to the invention, after cleaning the surface, the grain is moistened, which is carried out in humidification screws to a moisture content of 14-15%, slightly smoothened within 4-20 minutes, processing in a roller mill and its subsequent passage through an aspirator.

Distinctive features of the proposed method in comparison with the prototype are new parameters and modes of grain processing, consisting in smoothing grain for 4-20 minutes, processing grain in a roller machine with a gap between rollers of 1.9 mm

These features of the invention provide for the removal of fruit membranes in an amount of 2-4% and a decrease in the ash content of grain supplied for processing by 0.05-0.07% compared with the original grain.

The optimal grain processing parameters were established experimentally.

Carrying out TRP with the following parameters: grain moisture of 14-15% and smoothing for 4-20 minutes - contributes to better separation of fruit shells.

Moistening the grain to 14-15% is optimal, since with this moistening the greatest decrease in the ash content of the grain going to the first flawed system and the maximum number of removed shells are observed.

When the retention time is less than 4 minutes, the membranes are poorly separated due to insufficient penetration of moisture into the membranes, when retarding for more than 20 minutes, moisture penetrates the aleurone layer and the number of removed shells decreases, which reduces the degree of cleaning the grain surface (see table).

Processing grain between rollers with a gap of less than 1.9 mm leads to severe crushing of the grain, leading to an increase in the number of broken grains, which affects the quality of the finished product. When the gap between the rollers is more than 1.9 mm, the efficiency of removing fruit shells decreases, while the degree of cleaning the surface of the grain decreases, which also negatively affects the quality of the finished product. Thus, it was found that the gap between the rollers, equal to 1.9 mm, is optimal.

The roller mill is usually used for grinding grain; in the process of preparing the grain it is practically not used.

Table Processing method Example No. sample Processing modes The output of the shells,% The ash content of the shells,% Ash content of grain,% The ash content of the grain after processing,% Ash content reduction,% Humidity% The time of tearing, min According to the prototype wheat 14.5-15 30-120 > 5 > 4,5 - - 0.17-0.23 According to the invention one rye Without humidification, 13.2 0 0.81 3.52 1.96 1.93 0,03 2 rye fifteen 2 1.40 2.92 1.96 1.94 0.02 3 rye fifteen four 2.99 2.86 1.96 1.90 0.06 four rye fifteen 5 3,54 2.84 1.96 1.91 0.05 5 rye 14.5 10 2.84 3.13 1.96 1.90 0.06 6 rye 14.5 twenty 2.90 3.08 1.96 1.91 0.05 7 rye fifteen thirty 2,51 3.05 1.96 1.91 0.05 8 rye fourteen 5 2.69 2.99 1.96 1.91 0.05 9 rye 16 5 1.88 2.67 1.96 1.93 0,03 10 wheat fourteen 5 3.78 2.25 1.84 1.77 0,07 eleven wheat fifteen 5 4.27 2.29 1.84 1.78 0.06

The use of a roller mill instead of the scouring machines used in the prototype allows you to combine operations such as partial removal of fruit shells (and thereby clean the grain surface) and a preliminary violation of the integrity of the grains, which reduces energy costs for subsequent grinding.

The product obtained after processing is whole, unfolded along the groove and partially destroyed grains, fully or partially freed from the fruit membranes.

As a result, carrying out this processing before processing the grain in the inventive method provides a reduction in tearing time, which reduces capital costs for the construction of bins, a reduction in the process of preparing grain for processing in comparison with analogues and prototype, a change in structural and mechanical properties, which reduces energy costs for subsequent grinding, cleaning the surface of the grain as a result of removing fruit shells, reducing the ash content of grain going to processing by 0.05-0.07% compared with the ash content of grain before ernoochistitelnym department.

Thus, it is the claimed combination of known and distinctive features that provides the claimed method with the achievement of the above technical result, which allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the patentability criteria of "inventive step" and "novelty".

Examples confirming the implementation of the method.

Example No. 1. Rye grain is cleaned of impurities, the surface is cleaned, moistened to 15%, cured for 4 minutes, peeling is carried out in a roller mill with a gap between rollers of 1.9 mm, followed by passing it through an aspirator.

The output of the shells is 2.99%, the ash content of the shells is 2.86%, the decrease in the ash content of the grain is 0.06%.

Example No. 2. The rye grain is cleaned of impurities, the surface is cleaned, moistened to 15%, cured for 5 minutes, the treatment is carried out in a roller mill (the gap between the rollers is 1.9 mm), then the grain is passed through an aspirator.

The output of the shells is 3.54%, the ash content of the shells is 2.84%, the decrease in the ash content of the grain is 0.05%.

Example No. 3. Rye grain is cleaned of impurities, the surface is cleaned, moistened to 14.5%, cured for 10 minutes, treatment is carried out in a roller mill and an aspirator.

The output of the shells is 2.84%, the ash content of the shells is 3.13%, the decrease in the ash content of the grain is 0.06%.

Example No. 4. Rye grain is cleaned of impurities, the surface is cleaned, moistened to 14.5%, cured for 20 minutes, processing is carried out in a roller mill and an aspirator.

The output of the shells is 2.90%, the ash content of the shells is 3.08%, the decrease in the ash content of the grain is 0.05%.

Example No. 5. Rye grain is cleaned of impurities, the surface is cleaned, moistened to 14%, cured for 5 minutes, treatment is carried out in a roller mill with its further passage through an aspirator.

The output of the shells is 2.69%, the ash content of the shells is 2.99%, the decrease in the ash content of the grain by 0.05%.

Example No. 6. Wheat grain is cleaned of impurities, the surface is cleaned, moistened to 14%, cured for 5 minutes, processing is carried out in a roller mill (the gap between the rollers is 1.9 mm) with its further passage through an aspirator.

The output of the shells is 3.78%, the ash content of the shells is 2.25%, the decrease in the ash content of the grain is 0.07%.

Example No. 7. Wheat grain is cleaned of impurities, the surface is cleaned, moistened to 15%, cured for 5 minutes, processing is carried out in a roller mill (the gap between the rollers is 1.9 mm) with its further passage through an aspirator.

The output of the shells is 4.27%, the ash content of the shells is 2.29%, the decrease in the ash content of the grain is 0.06%.

The reduction in the ash content of the grain going to the first flawed system compared to the ash content of the initial grain by the proposed method is 0.05-0.07%, which indicates sufficient cleaning of the grain surface.

The results show that the proposed method allows you to remove fruit shells in an amount of from 2.69 to 4.27% with an ash content of 2.25 to 3.13%, which is less than the removed number of shells of the prototype (see table), however, the ash content of the shells is the proposed method below. This suggests that the aleuron layer and the germ, which have high biological value, namely, contain mineral substances and vitamins, do not fall into the removed shells.

Claims (2)

1. A method of preparing rye and wheat grain for processing, including cleaning from impurities, cleaning the grain surface, moisturizing, smoothing, peeling, followed by passing through an aspirator, characterized in that the grain is cured for 4-20 minutes, the peeling of the grain is carried out in a roller mill with a gap between rollers of 1.9 mm. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydration of the grain is carried out to a moisture content of 14-15%.