RU2316162C2 - Mulching apparatus for combined tree-seed drill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry engineering, in particular, equipment for covering of tree seeds with mulching layer.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has roller-type dispenser positioned under hopper. Dispenser is equipped with replaceable plates fixed to its blades for changing their height. Dispenser is driven by means of chain transmission with replaceable sprockets from covering roller having ground-engaging means. Finger mellower provided within hopper is designed for full charging of dispenser with substrate. Dispenser is connected with finger mellower through chain transmission having constant transmission ratio.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in adjusting rate of dispensing of mulching substrate and covering young crops with uniform mulching layer having predetermined thickness, and improved conditions for growing of young crops at initial stage.

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Description

The invention relates to forestry engineering, in particular to devices that provide coverage of forest seeds with a layer of mulch.

Known seeder fruit-forest (and.with. No. 1072830, A01B 49/06). It consists of a supporting frame, a surface leveling planner, an aqueous solution tank with a feed tube system and a sowing device with seed tubes and closing organs, distribution panels for arranging the lower funnels of tubes and seed tubes, sections for arranging the working bodies in accordance with the sowing patterns located on the back of the frame of the mesh drum for mulch with a compacting roller located underneath.

The disadvantage of the mulching device of this machine is the uneven thickness of the resulting mulch layer, depending on its moisture and speed of the unit, the inability to establish and adjust the seeding rate of mulch, as well as adjust the thickness of the mulch layer.

Known coil metering device (AS No. 2130244, A01C 7/12, prototype) containing a hopper, an unloading window, a metering coil, which is a dispenser that has an inner cage, and an outer cage with loading windows that can rotate relative to the inner cage , the outer and inner clips are interconnected by means of an elastic element.

The disadvantages of the prototype are: the difficulty of establishing and adjusting the seeding rate; a constant change in the location of the placement of a portion of fertilizer during operation occurs due to the fatigue wear of leaf springs; the maximum possible filling of the loading windows is not ensured, which also does not allow to maintain a constant seeding rate.

An object of the invention is to obtain the ability to control the flow rate and thickness of the mulch layer when the apparatus is continuous and create a uniform thickness layer of mulch.

This task is achieved by the fact that in the mulching device of a forest combined seeder containing a hopper, a spool dispenser, a dispenser drive, according to the invention, the dispenser is located under the hopper and is equipped with blades on which removable plates are installed that change the height of the blades, while the dispenser drive is carried out from the press roller with tillers through a chain drive with interchangeable sprockets, and in the hopper above the dispenser there is a finger cultivator, which is connected to the dispenser via a chain transmission with a constant gear ratio.

Due to the use in the design of the reel dispenser with interchangeable plates on the blades, the dispenser drive through a chain drive with interchangeable sprockets, the seeding rate and, consequently, the flow rate and thickness of the mulch layer are regulated. The use of a finger cultivator located in a hopper with a substrate above the dispenser prevents the formation of arches during operation of the unit, and the dispenser is completely filled with sawdust. Also, the distributor helps to increase the uniformity of the rash of mulch on the seed tape.

The drawings explain the general principle of a mulching device of a forest combined seeder.

Figure 1 - mulching device of the forest combined seeder.

Figure 2 - reel dispenser with interchangeable blades.

The mulching device of the forest combined seeder (Fig. 1) is a frame 1 on which a hopper 2 for a substrate is fixed. In the hopper 2 there is a finger cultivator 3 in the form of a shaft with ripping fingers 4 located on it at regular intervals, which is connected via a chain gear 5 with a constant gear ratio to a spool dispenser 6 equipped with uniformly spaced blades 7 with holes 8 (Fig. 2). The height of the blades 7 is changed by installing replaceable plates 9 of the required size on them. In front of the dispenser 6 (Fig. 1), there is a mulch distributor 10, which is a curved plate necessary for a more uniform distribution of the mulch flow. The spool dispenser 6 is connected to the packer roller 11 through a chain drive 12 with interchangeable sprockets 13 and 14, replacing them with sprockets with an appropriate gear ratio changes the rotational speed of the dispenser 6. The packer roller 11 is equipped with tipper 15 for more effective adhesion to the soil surface.

The mulching device of the forest combined seeder works as follows.

With the translational movement of the unit in the working position, the rolling roller 11 rolls over the surface of the mulched belt, due to which compaction and additional alignment of the mulch layer occurs. The rotation of the packer roller 11 is ensured by the couplings 15. From the packer roller 11 the spool dispenser 6 is driven. The dispenser 6 is driven by a chain drive 12 with interchangeable sprockets 13 and 14, which allow changing its rotation frequency and, as a result, regulating the substrate sowing rate. From the hopper 2 to the upper part of the dispenser 6, under the influence of gravity, the substrate enters, filling the space between the blades 7, the height of which is changed by installing interchangeable plates 9 on them with bolts, due to which the rate of sowing of the substrate is also regulated. When the dispenser 6 is rotated, the substrate in the inter-blade space is transferred and poured onto the mulch distributor 10, which contributes to the uniformity of the substrate flow poured onto the seed tape. From the dispenser 6, in turn, by means of a chain gear 5 with a constant gear ratio, a finger cultivator 3 is rotated in a hopper 2 with a substrate, which prevents the formation of arches and ensures full loading of the dispenser 6.

The use of a mulching device in a combined seeder allows you to adjust the seeding rate of the mulching substrate and provides coverage of the crops with an even layer of mulch of a given thickness.

Claims (1)

The mulching device of the forest combined seeder, comprising a hopper, a reel dispenser, a dispenser drive, characterized in that the dispenser is located under the hopper and is equipped with blades on which removable plates are installed that change the height of the blades, while the dispenser is driven from the packer roller with tillers via a chain drive with interchangeable sprockets, and in the hopper above the dispenser there is a finger cultivator, which is connected to the dispenser via a chain gear with a constant gear ratio.

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