RU231253U1 - Furnace air distributor for solid fuel combustion boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to heat power engineering, in particular to devices for burning solid fuel, such as brown and hard coal, peat, wood waste. The boiler air supply furnace distributor contains a water-cooled grate made of pipes 1 and is connected to a water circulation system. Between the pipes 1, laid transversely, plates 2 with openings 3 are welded, through which air is supplied under a layer of solid fuel by means of a fan. An air box is installed under the water-cooled grate, which has several zones isolated from each other, each of which is formed by side walls 4 and a blind end wall 5. Each zone, on the side opposite to the blind end wall 5, has an end wall, which is provided with corresponding dampers 6,7,8,9,10 with drives 17,18,19,20,21. The drives 17,18,19,20,21 of the corresponding dampers 6,7,8,9,10 are connected to the control unit 22 of the electric motor. The drive of each damper 6,7,8,9,10 has the ability to respond to the "open"/"closed" command based on a signal from the water temperature sensor 11, located on the water outlet pipe 15 from the boiler. The technical result is the ability to regulate the air supply for fuel combustion based on a signal from the water temperature sensor at the boiler outlet. 1 table, 4 figs.

Description

The utility model relates to thermal power engineering, in particular to devices for burning solid fuels, such as brown and hard coals, peat, and wood waste.

A combustion device for burning waste is known, comprising a combustion chamber, a grate and an oxidizer supply unit through the grate, wherein the grate's non-sag grate plates are arranged in steps with a gap between them vertically and with the upper step partially overlapping the subsequent lower one horizontally, the oxidizer supply unit is made in the form of a blast box located under the grate along its entire length, vertical partitions are installed between the upper wall of the box and each grate plate to form partially closed sections, each section is connected to the combustion chamber by a slot outlet directed along the direction of movement of the waste, wherein the box cavity is connected to the cavity of each section by openings made in rows along the box, and along each row of openings, dampers with openings are installed with the possibility of movement relative to the upper wall of the box from the side of its cavity (RU Patent for Invention No. 2147710, published. (20.04.2000).

As a result of patent research, the following technical solutions were identified and taken into account in the analysis: CN 201273571, CN 217235624, JP 2009500590, EP 0870988.

The closest device in terms of the general set of features is the following device, selected by the applicant as a prototype: a furnace for burning solid fuel, containing a combustion chamber, a loading hopper for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber, a slag hopper for removing ash from the combustion chamber; made of grates fixed to a frame, a grate installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement and having channels for feeding air under the fuel layer, characterized in that it additionally contains a vibration drive connected to the grate, which is fixed to the base using springs, wherein the grate is made of water-cooled pipes with half-pipes fixed to their side surfaces, which are facing each other with their concave parts, overlap each other, forming channels for feeding air; In addition, the firebox additionally contains an air box for supplying air under the fuel layer, which is located between the grate and the base, and the air box is made with adjustable zones for supplying air (patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 93934, published 10.05.2010).

The disadvantage of this design is that the amount of air supplied for combustion is regulated depending on the type and composition of the fuel only during commissioning; during operation, the amount of air for combustion is not regulated.

The technical task of the claimed utility model is to reduce fluctuations in the water temperature at the boiler outlet during operation of the furnace distributor.

The technical task is achieved in that the furnace air supply distributor of the solid fuel combustion boiler contains a water-cooled grate located in the lower part of the boiler furnace and having openings for supplying air under the fuel layer, an air box made with zones for supplying air, characterized in that the air supply zones of the air box are made isolated from each other and are formed by side and end walls, wherein one end wall of each zone is provided with a damper with a drive, the drive of each damper is made with the possibility of response to a signal received by the drive of the corresponding damper from a water temperature sensor located on the water outlet pipe from the boiler.

A comparison of the claimed utility model with the prototype shows that it has the following features:

- the air supply zones of the air box are formed by the side and end walls,

- one end wall of each zone is equipped with a damper with a drive;

- the drive of each damper is designed to respond to a signal received by the drive of the corresponding damper from the water temperature sensor located on the water outlet pipe from the boiler.

Therefore, it can be assumed that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of “novelty”.

The utility model can be manufactured using known technical means, therefore it meets the criterion of “industrial applicability”

Fig. 1 shows a fragment of a water-cooled grate, Fig. 2 schematically shows an air box with zones equipped with dampers, Fig. 3 schematically shows the location of the temperature sensor on the water outlet pipe from the boiler, Fig. 4 shows the placement of fuel on the water-cooled grate of the boiler furnace, Fig. 5 shows the boiler operation algorithm, a fragment of the working documentation.

The boiler air supply distributor contains a water-cooled grate, which is made of steel pipes 1 (Fig. 1) and is connected to the water circulation system (not shown in the figure). Between the pipes 1, laid transversely, plates 2 with holes 3 of 7 mm in diameter are welded, through which air is supplied by means of a fan under a layer of solid fuel poured onto the water-cooled grate with the formation of a cone-shaped layer. An air box is installed under the water-cooled grate, which has several zones isolated from each other, each of which is formed by side (longitudinal) walls 4 and a blind end wall 5. In Fig. 2 shows five zones, wherein each zone, on the side opposite the blind end wall 5, has an end wall which is equipped with corresponding dampers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 with drives 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. Drives 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 of the corresponding dampers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are connected to an electric motor (not shown in the figure) with a control unit 22. The drive of each damper 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 has the ability to respond to an “open”/“closed” command based on a signal from a water temperature sensor 11 (Fig. 3) located on the water outlet pipe 15 from the boiler. The water temperature sensor 11 is in turn connected to the control unit 12 (for example, the multifunctional control device PR 100), which sends a command to the control unit 22 of the electric motor to operate the corresponding drive 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 to open/close the corresponding damper 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 also show the boiler door 13; the boiler body 14; the smoke pipe 16.

The claimed device operates as follows. The furnace distributor is installed in the boiler furnace. A layer of solid fuel, such as coal, is loaded onto the surface of the water-cooled grate from above (Fig. 4). Water circulates in the water-cooled grate through pipes 1. The layer of solid fuel is ignited. The air required for combustion of the fuel is pumped through the open damper 6 into the zone under the fuel layer of the water-cooled grate using a fan, which is fed from below through openings 3 in plates 2 under the fuel layer. A special feature of the design is that the air required for combustion of the solid fuel is alternately fed during the entire combustion period through dampers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 into the zones of the air box isolated from each other, ensuring combustion of the fuel on the water-cooled grate above the corresponding zone (see Table). It should be noted that when the water temperature at the boiler outlet begins to drop, the water temperature sensor 11 sends a signal via the control unit 12 to the control unit 22 of the electric motor to open the next damper (or two adjacent dampers), and air enters the next zone (or two next adjacent zones) of the air box and then through the openings 3 under the layer of solid fuel, ensuring combustion of the next section of fuel located on the water-cooled grate. In this new zone of the water-cooled grate, combustion of the solid fuel continues, which leads to an increase in the water temperature at the boiler outlet, and the previous damper in the zone of the previously burnt part of the fuel closes, excluding the supply of cold air and thereby increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion.

Thus, the air box zones of the claimed furnace distributor operate sequentially until the solid fuel is completely burned on the water-cooled grate, and the exhausted zones are closed, preventing cold air from entering the combustion zone.

Fig. 5 shows the operating algorithm of the boiler type KVSrd-0.8 (ABK), solid fuel - coal type DR, fragment of the working documentation.

From the table presented in Fig. 5 it is evident that the claimed utility model provides the ability to regulate the air supply for fuel combustion based on a signal from the water temperature sensor at the boiler outlet, which allows for complete regulated fuel combustion, reducing fluctuations in the water temperature at the boiler outlet.

Table - Boiler operation algorithm, fragment of working documentation

Claims (1)

A furnace air supply distributor for a solid fuel combustion boiler, comprising a water-cooled grate located in the lower part of the boiler furnace and having openings for supplying air under the fuel layer, an air box made with zones for supplying air, characterized in that the air supply zones of the air box are made isolated from each other and are formed by side and end walls, wherein one end wall of each zone is provided with a damper with a drive, the drive of each damper is made with the possibility of responding to a signal received by the drive of the corresponding damper from a water temperature sensor located on the water outlet pipe from the boiler.