RU2312483C1 - Apparatus for application of solid organic fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has drive mechanism, thrower and feeding screw equipped with right-hand and left-hand coils and positioned forward of thrower. Thrower housing is provided with two ejection windows positioned in the course of rotation of centrifugal disk of thrower, at an angle of 15 deg to horizontal plane. One of ejection windows is provided in upper part and other ejection window is provided in lower part of housing. Each of said windows is equipped with gate positioned so that when one window is closed, other window is opened. Feeding screw is enclosed in housing open at its front side through 195 deg and embraces screw at the side of thrower, said housing being rigidly connected with thrower housing. Screw housing has window for feeding of fertilizers into thrower and brackets mounted on screw housing at the side adjoining thrower. Brackets have supporting skis adjustable in vertical plane. Centrifugal disk of thrower and feeding screw are driven separately from adjustable hydraulic motors. Feeding screw coils are extending symmetrically from ends to center and are interrupted in central part, said interruption interval being equal to width of window for feeding of fertilizers into thrower. Feeding screw is of three-threaded, belt type, with coil pitch being equal to coil diameter.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and uniform distribution of fertilizers.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to methods and devices for surface application of solid organic fertilizers, and can be used for snow retention and cleaning rural roads from snow drifts.

A known unit for spreading compost, feed, etc. materials (Japanese application No. 59-2242, A01C 3/00, C05F 9/02, 84, 19), equipped with a mechanism that displays the feed, compost, etc. materials. On the underside of the frame there is a transverse auger feeding feed and compost to the output mechanism. A screw is installed above the auger at the front end of the lever attached to the unit frame with the possibility of raising and lowering. On the edge of the screw blades of the screws installed with a certain interval knives.

The disadvantage of this design is the low uniformity (pulsation) of the dosage of the material supplied by the screw to the output mechanism.

The closest in technical essence to the invention is a fertilizer spreader (AC No. 197324, A01c, 45b, 3/06, BI No. 12, 1967), including a drive mechanism, a rubber ring thrower with an adjustable roller, a feeding screw with right and left turns, installed in front of the thrower, guarded by guiding shields and in the central part having ripping teeth included in the slots of the tray installed between the thrower and the screw. The holder of the adjustable thrower roller is connected to the rod of the control hydraulic cylinder.

A disadvantage of the fertilizer spreader is the pulsation during the feeding and spreading of organic fertilizers, which significantly reduces the uniform distribution of fertilizers on the field surface. The drive of the working bodies from the tractor power take-off shaft reduces operational reliability.

The objective of the invention is to increase labor productivity and ensure uniform fertilizer application.

To accomplish this task, a device for introducing solid organic fertilizers is proposed, including a drive mechanism, a thrower and a feed screw with right and left turns installed in front of the thrower; in the thrower housing, two throw-away centrifugal discs are rotated at an angle of 15 ° to the horizontal plane windows, one at the top and the other at the bottom, and in each of them a valve is mounted, installed with the possibility of blocking one window when opening another, and the feeding screw is enclosed in leather open at 195 ° front, covering the auger from the thrower side and rigidly connected to the thrower cover, while the screw cover has a window for feeding fertilizer into the thrower and the brackets mounted on it from the thrower side with height-adjustable support skis and the centrifugal disc of the thrower and the feed screw is driven separately from the adjustable hydraulic motors, while the feed screw is wound symmetrically from the ends to the center with a gap in the center equal to the width of the window to feed the fertilizer s a thrower, wherein a feed screw configured trehzahodnym tape, with the coil pitch equal to its diameter.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device for applying solid organic fertilizers.

Figure 2 schematically shows a device for applying solid organic fertilizers (side view).

Figure 3 schematically shows a thrower (front view).

A device for applying solid organic fertilizers includes an energy tool 1 (Fig. 1), a thrower 2, made in the form of a vertically mounted centrifugal disk 3 (Fig. 3), enclosed in a fixed casing 4, on which the hinge brackets 5 are placed (Fig. 2), the bearing assembly 6 and the adjustable hydraulic motor 7, the drive of the centrifugal disc 3 of the thrower are mounted, in the casing 4 are made in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal disc of the thrower, at an angle of 15 ° to the horizontal plane, two exhaust windows 8 and 9. The exhaust window 8 is made in the lower part of the casing 4, and the exhaust window 9 in the upper part and in each of them is mounted on a valve 10 and 11, installed in such a way that when the valve 11 overlaps the exhaust window 8, the valve 10 opens the exhaust window 9. Installed in front of the thrower 2 (Fig. 1), the feed screw 12 is made of a three-run belt with a screw pitch equal to its diameter, with right and left windings, symmetrically from the ends to the center with a gap in the center equal to the width of the window 13, for fertilizer to pass into the thrower 2 The feed screw 12 is enclosed in a casing 14, rigidly connected to the casing 4 of the thrower 2 (figure 2). The casing 14 covers the feed screw 12 (figure 2) from the side of the thrower 2, is open at the front by 195 °. It has a window 13 (Fig. 1) for supplying fertilizer to the thrower 2, end walls 15 on which the bearing assemblies 16 and the adjustable hydraulic motor 17 of the drive of the feed screw 12 are mounted, brackets 18 (Fig. 2) that allow the installation of support skis 19, adjustable in height. The drive of the centrifugal disk 3 (FIG. 3) of the thrower 2 and the feed screw 12 (FIG. 1) is carried out separately from the adjustable hydraulic motors 17 (FIG. 1) and 7 (FIG. 2).

The need to perform exhaust, at an angle of 15 ° to the horizon, windows 8 and 9 (Fig. 3) in the upper and lower parts of the stationary casing 4 of the thrower 2 (Fig. 1) due to providing the lowest possible height of the flight path of solid fertilizer at a given spreading width with a given distribution quality. The execution of the casing 14 of the feeding auger 12 open in front (from the intake side of the material supplied to the thrower) by 195 ° is due to the need to expand the range of application of the device (snow retention, clearing rural roads from snow drifts), because allows you to work with a layer height equal to the diameter of the screw 12.

A device for applying solid organic fertilizers works as follows. Rolls are formed on the field with sizes calculated for the applied dose of fertilizers. Then, having previously established the necessary modes (the number of revolutions of the thrower, the speed of the unit, the number of revolutions of the feed screw), ensuring uniform fertilizer application, the energy tool 1 (Fig. 1) starts moving along the stacked roll. The feed screw 12 (figure 1) provides a uniform supply of fertilizer to the thrower 2, which by centrifugal disk 3 (figure 3) evenly distributes the solid organic fertilizers in the field. When moving to a roll laid next to the first one, the operator changes the position of the gate valves 10 and 11 (Fig. 3) in the exhaust windows 8 and 9 (Fig. 3) to the opposite, ensuring the distribution of solid organic fertilizers along the field fused with the previous pass. The operator moves the valve to the opposite position with each move.

Claims (2)

1. A device for applying solid organic fertilizers, including a drive mechanism, a thrower and a feed screw installed in front of the thrower with right and left turns, characterized in that in the thrower casing are made in the direction of rotation of the thrower centrifugal disk, at an angle of 15 ° to the horizontal plane, two exhaust windows: one in the upper and the other in the lower part, and in each of them a valve is mounted, installed with the possibility of blocking one window when opening the other, and the feeding auger is enclosed in a casing open on the front 195 °, covering the auger from the thrower side and rigidly connected to the thrower cover, while the screw cover has a window for feeding fertilizer into the thrower and the brackets mounted on it, from the thrower side, with support skis mounted with height adjustment and the centrifugal disk drive the thrower and feed auger is carried out separately from the adjustable hydraulic motors, while the winding of the feed screw is made symmetrically from the ends to the center with a gap in the center equal to the width of the window for feeding fertilizer into the thrower. 2. A device for applying solid organic fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed screw is made of a three-way tape, with a pitch of a turn equal to its diameter.

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