RU230856U1 - Waste gasifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of thermal power engineering, is aimed at processing solid waste into generator gas, and allows the use of a wide range of organic waste due to the simplicity and reliability of the design. The waste gasifier comprises a reactor divided into an upper, lower and working isothermal zone, wherein the working isothermal zone is located in the central part, and an upper cover is screwed onto the upper part of the upper zone of the reactor, into which a supply pipe is inserted, a lower cover is screwed onto the lower part of the lower zone of the reactor, into which a discharge pipe is inserted, a cylindrical body is put on the central part of the reactor, limited at the top by an upper ring, and at the bottom by a lower ring, which form a working isothermal zone, wherein thermal insulation is located between the upper and lower rings, a thermocouple pocket is inserted into the reactor through the upper cover, and a mesh is installed in the lower part of the working isothermal zone, resting on a perforated tube located in the lower zone, stops are installed along the outer diameter of the reactor, configured to support the lower ring, a heat-resistant dielectric lining is wound onto the reactor in the working isothermal zone, onto which, in turn, a nichrome thread is wound. The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of the waste gasification process by reducing the adhesion of waste particles to the reactor walls. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of thermal power engineering, is aimed at processing solid waste into generator gas, and allows the use of a wide range of organic waste due to the simplicity and reliability of the design.

A waste processing plant is known [Patent for Utility Model RU 16193], comprising a gasifier, a furnace, an afterburner chamber, a catalytic afterburner, a heat exchanger, a scrubber and a smoke exhauster. The horizontally located gasifier with a heating chamber is equipped with a screw-stirrer, located along the longitudinal axis of its internal volume, connected to the upper part of the internal volume of the vertical afterburner chamber and to a dual-circuit burner of the furnace, wherein the inlet of the heating chamber is connected to the furnace, and the outlet is connected to the catalytic afterburner, the outlet of which is connected to the gas volume of the heat exchanger, the lower part of which, made in the form of a vertical channel, is the inlet nozzle of the impact scrubber.

The disadvantages of this installation are:

limitation of supply of oxidizer type;

complex and bulky design.

A device for gasification of solid fuel and waste is known [Patent for Utility Model RU 112195], taken as a prototype, containing a rotating reactor, the angle of inclination of which to the horizon provides for longitudinal movement of the raw material charge, a device for feeding crushed combustible mass into the reactor, a device for introducing an oxidizer, a device for supplying steam to the reactor and an outlet for the product - gas, the inputs of the gasification media - oxidizer and steam are connected to the reactor from the side of feeding raw materials into the reactor for gasification, and the gas outlet is located on the opposite side of the reactor, and in addition, on the side of the gas outlet, a line for taking off a portion of the combustible gas for regeneration to a steam ejector is connected, from which the ejected gases in a mixture with the ejecting steam are directed to the inlet of the reactor, wherein the reactor is made with cross-section constrictions of helical or ring geometry.

The disadvantages of this device are the presence of a narrow (significantly narrower than the diameter of the reactor) feed channel for raw materials, as well as the position of the reactor at an angle to the horizon (not vertical), which causes raw materials to stick when loaded.

The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of the waste gasification process by reducing the adhesion of waste particles to the reactor walls.

The technical result of the utility model is achieved due to the fact that the waste gasifier contains a reactor divided into an upper, lower and working isothermal zone, wherein the working isothermal zone is located in the central part, and an upper cover is screwed onto the upper part of the upper zone of the reactor, into which a supply pipe is inserted, a lower cover is screwed onto the lower part of the lower zone of the reactor, into which a discharge pipe is inserted, a cylindrical body is put on the central part of the reactor, limited at the top by an upper ring, and at the bottom by a lower ring, which form a working isothermal zone, wherein thermal insulation is located between the upper and lower rings, a thermocouple pocket is inserted into the reactor through the upper cover, and a mesh is installed in the lower part of the working isothermal zone, resting on a perforated tube located in the lower zone, stops are installed along the outer diameter of the reactor, made with the possibility of supporting the lower ring, a heat-resistant dielectric lining is wound on the reactor in the working isothermal zone, on which, in turn, nichrome thread is wound.

The distinctive features of the utility model are the presence of a top cover, thermal insulation, a thermocouple pocket, and a bottom cover.

The drawing shows a waste gasifier consisting of a reactor 1 divided into three zones (not shown in the drawing): upper, lower, and a working isothermal zone located in the central part. The upper cover 2 is screwed onto the upper part of the upper zone (not shown in the drawing) of reactor 1, into which a supply pipe 3 is inserted, and the lower cover 4 is screwed onto the lower part of the lower zone (not shown in the drawing) of reactor 1, into which a discharge pipe 5 is inserted. A cylindrical body 6 is put on the central part of reactor 1, limited at the top by an upper ring 7, and at the bottom by a lower ring 8, which form a working isothermal zone (not shown in the drawing). Between the upper 7 and lower 8 rings there is thermal insulation 9. In the reactor 1, through the upper cover 2, a thermocouple pocket 10 is inserted. In the lower part of the working isothermal zone (not indicated in the drawing), a grid 11 is installed, resting on a perforated tube 12, located in the lower zone (not indicated in the drawing). Along the outer diameter of the reactor 1, stops 13 are installed, designed with the possibility of supporting the lower ring 8. A heat-resistant dielectric lining 14 is wound on the reactor 1 in the working isothermal zone (not indicated in the drawing), on which, in turn, a nichrome thread 15 is wound.

Let's look at an example of how a gasifier works.

The gasification process is carried out in reactor 1. By opening the top cover 2 in reactor 1, solid waste is poured onto grid 11, which rests on perforated tube 12. The presence of the top cover 2, the size of which corresponds to the diameter of reactor 1 itself, allows for easy and without the risk of sticking, pouring in a wide range of organic waste with virtually any humidity. Then the top cover 2 is screwed on and an oxidizer is fed through supply tube 3 (not shown in the drawing). The oxidizer (not shown in the drawing) passes through solid waste and turns into generator gas, passes through mesh 11 and perforated tube 12, and then exits through outlet tube 5 inserted into lower cover 4. Simultaneously with the oxidizer supply through supply tube 3, voltage is applied to nichrome thread 15 wound on heat-resistant dielectric lining 14, which causes the temperature inside the reactor to rise and the process of solid waste gasification to begin. In this case, virtually no temperature is lost to the environment due to the presence of thermal insulation 9 located in cylindrical body 6 and limited from above by upper ring 7 and from below by lower ring 8. To prevent lower ring 8 from falling, stops 13 are installed along the outer diameter of reactor 1. In case of production need to monitor temperature inside reactor 1, it is possible to place a temperature sensor (not shown in the drawing) in thermocouple pocket 10. After the solid waste gasification process is complete, the voltage supply to the nichrome thread 15 is stopped, the lower cover 4 is unscrewed and the reactor 1 is emptied of ash residue by pouring. The cycle is closed.

Thus, the proposed utility model ensures an increase in the reliability of the waste gasification process by reducing the adhesion of waste particles to the reactor walls.

Claims (1)

A waste gasifier comprising a reactor divided into an upper, lower and working isothermal zone, wherein the working isothermal zone is located in the central part, and an upper cover is screwed onto the upper part of the upper zone of the reactor, into which a supply tube is inserted, a lower cover is screwed onto the lower part of the lower zone of the reactor, into which a discharge tube is inserted, a cylindrical body is put on the central part of the reactor, limited at the top by an upper ring, and at the bottom by a lower ring, which form a working isothermal zone, wherein thermal insulation is located between the upper and lower rings, a thermocouple pocket is inserted into the reactor through the upper cover, and a mesh is installed in the lower part of the working isothermal zone, resting on a perforated tube located in the lower zone, stops are installed along the outer diameter of the reactor, configured to support the lower ring, a heat-resistant dielectric lining is wound onto the reactor in the working isothermal zone, onto which, in turn, a nichrome thread is wound.