RU2307958C2 - Impulse water-jet pump - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mini-thermoelectric plants, agriculture, fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for use in self-contained gas generating cogeneration plants, system of impulse water spraying in agriculture or fire fighting, hydraulic hammer dispersers of solid and liquid materials. Proposed impulse water-jet pump contains pipeline, lower and upper pressure tanks with combustion chamber installed in between which is provided with intake and outlet valves and spark plug. Pump contains nozzle to discharge water and impact valve installed between combustion chamber and upper pressure tank to close passage to upper pressure tank, and valve consisting of movable needle-rod arranged in nozzle and secured on piston connected with spring.

EFFECT: increased velocity of water discharge.

1 dwg

Description

The present invention is intended for use in autonomous gas-generating cogeneration plants - mini-CHP, pulse sprinkling systems for irrigating farmland or fire extinguishing, hydraulic shock dispersers of solid and liquid substances, etc.

Known pulse sprinkler apparatus, consisting of a barrel and nozzle with a hole. On the side surface of the barrel there is a water-air tank, in the upper part of which an ignition device is installed. Inside the barrel there is a locking body made in the form of a piston and valve. The upper part of the air-water tank is connected to the full piston shaft, which is connected to the atmosphere through a non-return valve (see AS No. 501718, class A01G 25/00, B05B 1/08, published 05.02.76, Bull. No. 5). After ignition in the tank of the combustible mixture under the pressure of expanding gases, the piston moves and the valve opens the nozzle opening, from which a portion of water and exhaust gases is ejected.

The disadvantage of a pulsed sprinkler is the need to install an additional energy source to achieve the required compression ratio of the combustible mixture in the tank, as well as a special distribution system for controlling the intake valves.

The closest device adopted as a prototype is a Humphrey pump, which is a four-stroke internal combustion engine in which a moving column of water plays the role of a piston. After igniting the mixture of the generator gas with air in the combustion chamber, the column of water is driven back and forth inside the system lower tank - combustion chamber - upper (pressure) tank, dragging each time a new portion of water from the lower - to the upper pressure tank (Technical Encyclopedia , t. 14 M .: OGIZ of the RSFSR, 1931, p.331-332).

A disadvantage of the Humphrey pump is its relatively narrow area of use: lifting large masses of water to a small height. The Humphrey pump, being an effective converter of the energy of fuel combustion, mainly into the potential energy of raising water, does not contain in its technological chain a converter of this energy into the kinetic energy of pulsed water emissions.

The kinetic energy of a portion of water moving at high speed can be converted into short pulses of large unit power, following each other. It is such energy sources that can be most demanded in many branches of technology.

Thus, the technical task of the invention is to expand the capabilities of the well-known Humphrey pump: in addition to raising large masses of water to a small height, the ability to produce a pulsed discharge of a portion of water with high kinetic energy is added, which allows it to be used in various fields of technology: in agriculture for water lifting irrigation or fire fighting; in the chemical and mining industries for dispersing, crushing materials; in the energy sector to convert the energy of fuel combustion into kinetic energy of pulsed emissions of liquids for conversion into electrical and other types of energy, etc.

The technical result of the invention is an increase in the rate of discharge of water, providing short pulsed emissions of water of large unit power, following each other.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known pump containing the lower and upper pressure tank, between which a combustion chamber is installed, equipped with inlet and outlet valves, a spark plug, according to the invention, the pump is equipped with a nozzle for discharging water and installed between the combustion chamber and the upper pressure tank with a shock valve blocking the entrance to the upper pressure tank, and a valve consisting of a movable needle-rod located in the nozzle and mounted on the piston, are connected m spring.

A distinctive feature of the claimed device is the presence of new structural elements, namely the additional installation at the inlet of the upper pressure tank of the shock valve, and a valve consisting of a movable needle-rod located between the combustion chamber and the upper pressure tank. These valves form a hydroshock system, which provides powerful pulsed cyclically repeated water ejections in batches from the nozzle of the valve with a movable needle-rod, while the emission power can reach up to hundreds of kW depending on the closing speed of the shock valve.

During operation of the device with the shock valve open, fluid is directed through it to the upper pressure tank at a speed that increases in time, and at the moment when the pressure force of the liquid on the shock valve exceeds its weight, it rises and closes the hole to the upper pressure tank. In this case, a hydraulic shock occurs and the pressure in the pipeline and on the surface of the valve piston rises, as a result of which the needle-rod blocking the nozzle rises and the fluid accelerated by the hydraulic shock is ejected at high speed from the valve nozzle. Thus, it is thanks to the installation of the above valves, which are a hydroshock system, which converts the kinetic energy of a moving fluid into energy of hydraulic shock due to the rapid closure of the shock valve, it became possible to increase the rate of water discharge by pulses, giving short pulse emissions of water of large unit power, following each after another with great frequency.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the totality of the features of the analogue, made it possible to establish a set of significant distinguishing features in relation to the technical result perceived by the applicant in the claimed device set forth in the claims.

The claimed invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a pulsed water jet pump, General view.

The pulse water-jet pump consists of a lower 1 and upper pressure tank 2, between which a combustion chamber 3 is installed, equipped with exhaust 4 and inlet 5 valves, and a spark plug 6. A shock valve 7 is installed between the chamber 3 and the tank 2, blocking the entrance to the pressure tank 2 and a valve 8, consisting of a movable needle-rod 9 located in the nozzle 10 for ejecting water and mounted on a piston 11 connected by a spring 12. The pump also includes a pipe 13 and an inlet valve 14 for water.

The proposed device is a pulsed water-jet pump - operates as follows.

The principle of operation of the inventive pulsed water-jet pump is similar to a four-stroke internal combustion engine, and the reciprocating moving column of liquid plays the role of a piston. In the explosion of a mixture of combustible gas produced by a gas generator on wood and other wastes, coal or any other fuel, and air in the combustion chamber 3, the burnt gases expand and move the water column through line 13 and shock valve 7 towards the upper pressure tank 2 until the exhaust valve 4 opens, through which the exhaust gases exit. When the exhaust valve 4 is opened, the purge valve opens and the combustion chamber 3 is filled with fresh air. When the water moves towards the upper pressure tank 2, an additional expansion of gases is obtained, the pressure becomes less than atmospheric, and the water is sucked in through the inlet valve 14. The incoming water partly follows the moving liquid column, partly fills the combustion chamber 3.

When the shock valve 7 is open, the liquid accelerates towards the upper pressure tank 2 with a speed that increases in time. At a certain value of speed, the pressure force on the shock valve 7 increases so much that exceeds its weight. When this shock valve 7 under the force of fluid pressure rises and closes the hole in the upper pressure tank 2.

During the lifting of the shock valve 7, a hydraulic shock occurs and the pressure in the pipe 13 rises. Despite the fact that the shock valve 7 does not have time to completely close, the pressure in the pipe 13 and on the piston 11 of the valve 8 reaches a value exceeding the compression force of the spring 12. As a result, the needle-rod 9, blocking the nozzle 10, is thrown back and water accelerated by water hammer is ejected at high speed from the nozzle 10. After the jet is ejected due to pressure drop, the nozzle 10 is blocked by the needle-rod 9, and the hole to the top the pressure tank 2 is opened due to the weight (lowering) of the shock valve 7 and the column of water begins the reverse movement. During the reverse movement of water, the removal of burnt gases continues until the water reaches the exhaust valve 4 and is not banned, after which fresh air is compressed in that part of the combustion chamber 3, which is located above the exhaust valve 4. The pressure of the compressed air reaches a value more than the statistical pressure corresponding to the height of the upper pressure tank 2, so the column of water begins to move towards the upper pressure tank 2, followed by a repeated water hammer described above .

When the water level in the combustion chamber 3 reaches the exhaust valve 4, the pressure in the combustion chamber 3 will obviously be atmospheric, and with further movement there is a vacuum again, the intake valve 5 is opened, and a mixture of gas and air fills the combustion chamber 3. Repeated reverse movement of the water column compresses the working mixture, after which the latter is ignited and a new working cycle begins.

The proposed device in comparison with the known has the following advantages:

- there is no additional energy source to achieve the required compression ratio of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber;

- there is no special distribution system for controlling the intake valve;

- the possibility of obtaining short pulsed emissions of water of large unit capacity.

Claims (1)

A pulsed water-jet pump comprising a pipeline, lower and upper pressure tanks, between which a combustion chamber is installed, equipped with inlet and exhaust valves, a spark plug, characterized in that the pump is equipped with a nozzle for ejecting water and a shock valve installed between the combustion chamber and the upper pressure tank, blocking the entrance to the upper pressure tank, and a valve consisting of a movable needle-rod located in the nozzle and mounted on a piston connected to a spring.