RU2306618C2 - Calendar device for determining orthodox easter date and orthodox holy days - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chronology engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has Orthodox Easter date scale and two rotatable disks having marks and mounted on axle. The marks are available at intersection points belonging to 35 concentric circles which centers coincide with disk axle center. 28 rays are available on the first disk and 19 on the other one. The disks are fabricated as gears having teeth number equal to the number of rays. Teeth peaks are placed in points of disk rays and disk boundary intersection. The Orthodox Easter date scale is arranged in parallel to along the line of one of the disk rays. The disk marks and Orthodox Easter dates are in appropriate points of disk rays and concentric circles intersection and in appropriate positions on the Orthodox Easter dates scale determined from table. Another device version additionally has disk having the Orthodox Easter dates scale and the Orthodox holy days dates scales. The disk is transparent or has slits along the Orthodox Easter dates scale or Orthodox holy days date scales.

EFFECT: high accuracy and simplicity in use.

13 cl, 4 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to a chronology, to the construction of a perpetual calendar and methods for perpetually determining the date of Orthodox Easter and can be used to determine the annually changing date of Orthodox Easter and all seven associated with the date of Orthodox Easter and annually passing church Orthodox holidays, and can also be used in the manufacture hours with a calendar and other devices with a time cycle set in the design equal to one year, or with a controlled element for setting the current year hydrochloric.

BACKGROUND

In 313, Emperor of the Roman Empire Constantine the Great (reigned from 306 to 337) declared freedom of religion and the official recognition of Christianity in the Roman Empire.

In 321, a seven-day week was established in the Roman Empire, and the day of the Sun - Sunday - was officially approved as a weekly state Christian holiday.

In 325, in the city of Nicaea (a city in Bithynia, Asia Minor), the First Ecumenical Council (Council of Nicea, the highest legislative body of the Christian Church) was held, at which the founding church calendar (Easter) was adopted and approved to determine the date of Easter as the main Christian holiday as well as other church holidays related to Easter date. Alexandria astronomers were required to make Easter.

At its core, the church calendar - Paschalia - consists of two parts - mobile and fixed.

The fixed part of Easter is the regular Julian calendar, along with the fixed holidays assigned to the numbers of this calendar. They are immobile in the sense that they fall annually on the same day of the same month.

The movable part of Easter determines the dates of Easter changing from year to year in the Julian calendar, and also determines the count of church weeks and the rest, measured from the Easter date, of mobile (mobile) church holidays.

Thus, both parts of Passover together determine the order of church service for each day of any year. Therefore, the canonization of Easter was fundamental to the church. It was Easterly that provided and ensures uniformity of church service in various places.

Initially, Easter was a complex sequence of tables that determined the dates of major church holidays calculated hundreds of years in advance and recorded the interdependence of calendar dates or periods, many of which had an astronomical meaning (associated, for example, with a change in the lunar phases), in particular, : "indicator" (period of 532 years, during which the totality of all calendar quantities used in Easter is repeated), "circle to the Sun" (28 years - as a repetition of the same days of the week with the corresponding conductive numbers), "circle the Moon" (19 years old - as leading all the same phase on the one day of the month), "Epact", "base", etc. The entries to the Easter tables were the "alpha key", "vrucelet", "border key", etc., which previously determined which ones and how to use the Easter table.

The First Ecumenical Council also moved the vernal equinox from March 24 to March 21 (rarely March 22, even less often falls on March 20) and established common Christian holidays associated with the spring equinox: first of all, Easter.

The "Easter limit" was set from the day of the vernal equinox (March 21 - which could easily be determined) to April 25 (now from April 4 to May 8) on the first Sunday of the full moon following the new moon. These dates were set so that the Christian Easter never coincides with the Jewish one.

Based on the values of the tables of Easter and determined the date of Easter. However, in the 4th century astronomy was not yet an exact science, therefore, certain errors were made in the calculations of the Easter tables. After many centuries to date, the date of Easter by Easter is not every year corresponds to the originally existing rule: "not just after the full moon, but on the first full moon on Sunday."

Currently, the date of Easter began to be determined not by the stars, but by the rules of the church calendar, that is, from an astronomical event, Easter eventually turned into a calendar event, namely, the day of Easter celebrations ranges from March 22 to April 25 of the Julian calendar (old style) or from April 4 to May 8 of the Gregorian calendar (new style).

In other words, the onset of Easter is currently determined, not looking at the sky, but calculating the date of Easter according to certain tables, using well-defined rules associated with the Church Julian calendar.

Initially, four rules were defined for determining the date of Easter. Two are contained in the apostolic rules, and the other two are known from tradition. The first rule is to celebrate Easter after the vernal equinox. The second is not to do it together with the Jews. The third - not immediately after the equinox, but after the first full moon on the equinox. And the fourth - not just after the full moon, but on the first full moon on Sunday.

The Gregorian reform, having established its calendar canons, violated church canons and split in the Christian Church, dividing it into the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, in which the main church holidays were determined according to different algorithms and occur on different calendar dates.

From October 15, 1582, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Poland switched to the Gregorian calendar. From December 20, 1582, France, from January 1, 1583, Holland and Luxembourg, from October 16, 1583, Bavaria, from November 1, 1587, Hungary, and from September 2, 1610, Prussia. Other countries - starting from 1700 and later.

Russia, in the wake of revolutionary changes, switched to the Gregorian calendar (new style) from February 14, 1918, when a government decree established "immediately to consider February 14 after January 31."

Currently, the date of Orthodox Easter in most cases does not coincide with the date of Catholic Easter and only six times in 19 years, when the calculated and astronomical full moon fall for one week, Orthodox Easter and Catholic Easter are celebrated on the same day. Three times in 19 years, Catholic Easter is celebrated before the Jewish. This is due to the fact that in these years, the Jewish Easter falls not on the first, but on the second full moon after the astronomical vernal equinox, while Catholics celebrate Easter after the first full moon.

Today, only a few Churches have remained committed to the traditional Church Julian calendar. Orthodoxy adheres to the sign that exists to this day - the coming of the Holy Fire on Holy Saturday at the Holy Sepulcher in the Jerusalem Church of the Resurrection - and keeps the Julian church calendar and the Paschalia clean.

In this regard, in Russia there is an urgent task of accurately determining the dates of the main Orthodox holidays, primarily the dates of Orthodox Easter.

The complex astronomical floor clock by Giovanni Dondi (Italy, 1364) is known, which until the 18th century was considered the most complex astronomical clock in the world [1].

Complex astronomical tower clocks of Strasbourg are known (France, 1354), in which the index of Catholic Easter was added only in 1842 by the watchmaker Schwilge. Two calendars were arranged on the case (on the frame) of these watches in completely different ways. One of them - annual - showed certain holidays, the other - Easter (the dates of the celebration of Easter) and mobile church holidays, the dates of which depended on the time of the celebration of Easter. The calendar showing the passing holidays consisted of three different purpose chains connected to each other. The large annual calendar circle was driven by gears sitting on the axis of a wide pointed gear. It was rotated by six pins located on the back of a rotating 24-hour dial. The chain calendar was set in motion by two gear racks from the annual calendar circle [2].

Since then, such calendars have been made only twice: in 1842, Schwilge arranged them in the clock of Strasbourg Cathedral, and Jensen in 1956 in the clock installed in Copenhagen.

The most complex astronomical clock in the world by Jens Olsen is known (Denmark, 1956), consisting of 15,448 large-sized complex parts. In this watch, the main dial, divided after 12 hours, shows the local average time - Central European Time, daily time 15 ° east of Greenwich in hours, minutes and seconds. The endless calendar consists of 5 discs indicating Sunday, Easter, the circle of the sun and the moon circle. In addition, there is a calendar showing 12 months of the year, days and dates of the week, each lunar phase as well as the calculated First Day of Easter [3].

The most complicated pocket watch in the world Caliber 89 "Patek Philippe" (Switzerland, 1989, created in four copies) with 33 additional functions is known. One of these complications is the Catholic Easter date indicator, designed only a few years in advance, and the design of which consists of several tens of parts (prototype for the device) [4].

Gauss formulas derived from Easter are known for the annual calculation of the date of Easter [5]:

e = (2 * b + 4 * c + 6 * d + 6) mod7,

where a = Year mod19

b = Year mod4

c = Year mod7

d = (19 * a + 15) mod30

Wherein

mod = the remainder is taken from the division operation,

Year = year number, e = (2 * b + 4 * c + 6 * d + 6) mod7.

If (d + e)> 10, then Easter will be (d + e-9) April of the old style, otherwise - (22 + d + e) March of the old style.

Easter date can vary from March 22 to April 25 (dating according to the old style). When translating a date from the old style (Julian) to the new (Gregorian) until 2100, it is necessary to add 13 to the received date, and from March 1, 2100 - 14.

There is a method of finding the date of the Orthodox Easter compiled by the priest V. Levitsky Table No. 1 [6], which is the closest analogue to the prototype method.

According to the method proposed by the priest V. Levitsky, it is necessary to divide the number of the year into 19 and by 28 and notice the remains of the divisions. Residues from dividing by 19 are indicated in the left vertical column of Table No. 1. The remainders of dividing by 28 are located in the four upper horizontal rows of Table No. 1. Under them, in the fifth horizontal row of Table No. 1, are marked the vrucelet letters (one of the seven letters of the Church Slavonic alphabet showing Sunday throughout the year: A, B, G, D, E, S, Z).

Table number 1. 5 4+ 9 3 2 one 6 eleven 10 12 8+ 13 7 17 16+ 21 20+ fourteen 19 12+ 23 22 27 26 25 24+ eighteen 0+ R AT BUT 3 S E D 0. 12.04. 04/06. 04/07. 04/08. 04/09. 10.04. 11.04. one. 03/29. 03/30. 03/31. 04/01. 03.03. 03/27. 03/28. 2. 04/19. 04/20. 04/14. 04/15. 04/16. 04.17. 04/18. 3. 04/05. 04/06. 04/07. 04/08. 04/09. 04/03. 04.04. four. 03/29. 03/23. 03/24. 03.03. 03.03. 03/27. 03/28. 5. 12.04. 04/13. 04/14. 04/15. 04/16. 04.17. 11.04. 6. 04/05. 04/06. 03/31. 04/01. 04/02. 04/03. 04.04. 7. 04/19. 04/20. 04/21. 04/22. 04/23 04.24. 04/25. 8. 12.04. 04/13. 04/14. 04/08. 04/09. 10.04. 11.04. 9. 03/29. 03/30. 03/31. 04/01. 04/02. 04/03. 03/28. 10. 04/19. 04/20. 04/21. 04/22. 04/16. 04.17. 04/18. eleven. 04/05. 04/06. 04/07. 04/08. 04/09. 10.04. 11.04. 12. 03/29. 03/30. 03/31. 03.03. 03.03. 03/27. 03/28. 13. 04/19. 04/13. 04/14. 04/15. 04/16. 04.17. 04/18. fourteen. 04/05. 04/06. 04/07. 04/08. 04/02. 04/03. 04.04. fifteen. 03/22. 03/23. 03/24. 03.03. 03.03. 03/27. 03/28. 16. 12.04. 04/13. 04/14. 04/15. 04/16. 10.04. 11.04. 17. 04/05. 03/30. 03/31. 04/01. 04/02. 04/03. 04.04. eighteen. 04/19. 04/20. 04/21. 04/22. 04/23 04.24. 04/18.

So, for example, dividing 1880 by 28, we get the remainder 4. The “+” sign with the number 4 indicates that 1880 is a leap year. His vracelotia under “4” will be B. Under vruceleti in the 19 horizontal rows of Table No. 1 the numbers of March or April are indicated on which the Orthodox Easter is celebrated. 1880, when divided by 19, the remainder gives 18. Against “18” in the same horizontal line with the same number and at the same time in the same vertical column with “4” against B, it costs April 20. This will be Easter Day for 1880.

Thus, all known mechanical Easter date indicators - analogues of the calendar device according to the invention - were used only to indicate the date of Catholic Easter and were implemented in the most complicated watches ever created by humanity, as a rule, in a single copy in the world, and known calculation methods Orthodox Easter dates are complex and do not allow you to mechanically determine the transitional date of Orthodox Easter and the associated Orthodox holidays.

Relatively simple mechanical calendar devices to accurately determine and indicate the date of the Orthodox Easter until now were not known and in the scope of the search was not found.

TASKS AND TECHNICAL RESULTS

The objective of the proposed invention and the technical result obtained from its use is to create a calendar device that is simple in design, accurate and reliable in use for perpetually determining the date of the Orthodox Easter and associated rolling dates of Orthodox holidays according to the Julian calendar (old style) used in the Orthodox Church and Gregorian calendar (new style) by using a new algorithm for determining dates, a new design of a calendar device and a new relationship to structural elements among themselves to ensure the possibility of direct presentation and visual perception in a simple and generally accessible form of the passing dates of the Orthodox Easter and related dates of the passing Orthodox holidays, as well as in the creation of a simple and reliable mechanical calendar device for watches and other devices with a temporary design a cycle equal to one year, or with a controlled element for manually setting the current year.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved, and the technical result required during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that the calendar device for determining the date of Orthodox Easter according to the invention contains two disks with marks mounted on the axis and a date scale for Orthodox Easter, while the disks with marks are made to rotate around the axis , combining labels on disks and indicating compatible Easter date marks on the Orthodox Easter date scale.

In this case, the calendar device is equipped with a date scale for Orthodox Easter according to the Julian calendar (old style) and / or a date scale for Orthodox Easter according to the Gregorian calendar (new style) and is additionally equipped with date scales associated with the date of Orthodox Easter Orthodox holidays: Forgiveness Sunday, the beginning of Great Lent , Palm Sunday, Ascension, Trinity (Pentecost) or the Beginning of Petrov Lent.

For precise marking on each of the discs with marks, 35 concentric circles with centers coinciding with the center of the axis of the discs are drawn in equal sequence, with one disc divided into equal sectors by 28 rays, and the other disk divided into equal sectors by 19 rays , and the marks on the disks are applied at certain points of intersection of concentric circles and rays, while the rays on the disks with marks are made radial or curved and the scales of the dates of Orthodox Easter and the dates of Orthodox holidays are made located in l line of one of the drive beams.

The marks on the discs and the dates of Orthodox Easter on the date scale of Orthodox Easter dates are located at the corresponding intersection points of the concentric circles and rays and the places on the date scale of Orthodox Easter, determined by Table No. 2.

Table number 2 Sequence number of circles on disks The remainder of dividing the number of the year by 28 and the serial number of the beam on the disk with 28 rays The remainder of dividing the year number by 19 and the serial number of the beam on a disk with 19 rays Orthodox Easter date according to the Julian calendar (old style) Orthodox Easter date according to the Gregorian calendar (new style) (until 2100) one 5, 11, 16, 22 fifteen March 22 April, 4 2 4, 10, 21, 27 4, 15 March 23 5th of April 3 9, 15, 22, 26 4, 15 March 24 April 6th four 3, 8, 14, 25 4, 12, 15 March 25 April 7th 5 2, 13, 19, 24 1, 4, 12, 15 26 March April 8th 6 1, 7, 12, 18 1, 4, 12, 15 March 27th April 9th 7 0, 6, 17, 23 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 March 28 April 10th 8 5, 11, 16, 22 1, 4, 9, 12 March 29 April 11th 9 4, 10, 21, 27 1, 9, 12, 17 March 30 April 12th 10 9, 15, 22, 26 1, 6, 9, 12, 17 March 31 April 13th eleven 3, 8, 14, 25 1, 6, 9, 17 April 1st 14th of April 12 2, 13, 19, 24 6, 9, 14, 17 April 2 April 15th 13 1, 7, 12, 18 3, 6, 9, 14, 17 April 3 April 16th fourteen 0, 6, 17, 23 3, 6, 14, 17 April, 4 April 17th fifteen 5, 11, 16, 22 3, 6, 11, 14, 17 5th of April April 18th 16 4, 10, 21, 27 0, 3, 6, 11, 14 April 6th April 19th 17 9, 15, 22, 26 0, 3, 11, 14 April 7th 20 April eighteen 3, 8, 14, 25 0, 3, 8, 11, 14 April 8th The 21st of April 19 2, 13, 19,24 0, 3, 8, 11 April 9th April 22 twenty 1, 7, 12, 18 0, 8, 11, 16 April 10th April 23 21 0, 6, 17, 23 0, 5, 8, 11, 16 April 11th April 24th 22 5, 11, 16, 22 0, 5, 8, 16 April 12th 25th of April 23 4, 10, 21, 27 5, 8, 16 April 13th 26 April 24 9, 15, 22, 26 2, 5, 8, 13, 16 14th of April April 27th 25 3, 8, 14, 25 2, 5, 13, 16 April 15th April 28th 26 2, 13, 19,24 2, 5, 10, 13, 16 April 16th April 29th 27 1, 7, 12, 18 2, 5, 10, 13 April 17th April 30 28 0, 6, 17, 23 2, 10, 13, 18 April 18th May 1 29th 5, 11, 16, 22 2, 7, 10, 13, 18 April 19th May 2 thirty 4, 10, 21, 27 2, 7, 10, 13, 18 20 April May 3 31 9, 15, 22, 26 7, 10, 18 The 21st of April May 4th 32 3, 8, 14, 25 7, 10, 18 April 22 5 May 33 2, 13, 19,24 7, 18 April 23 the 6th of May 34 1, 7, 12, 18 7, 18 April 24th May 7th 35 0, 6, 17, 23 7 25th of April May 8th

In this case, the marks on the disks are made visually detectable, for example, in the form of through holes, opaque or colored.

In addition, the calendar device is configured to be installed in the watch mechanism with a built-in calendar.

In this case, disks with marks are made in the form of gears with the number of teeth equal to or a multiple of the number of rays on the disks.

In a preferred embodiment of the calendar device, the disks are made in the form of gear wheels, one disk containing 28 teeth consecutively numbered from 0 to 27, and the other disk containing 19 teeth consecutively numbered from 0 to 18, and the tops of the teeth on the disks are arranged in at the intersection of the rays with the edges of the discs or in the intervals between the beams, the calendar device is equipped with an additional transparent disk or a disk with slots and scales on its surface with the dates of Orthodox Easter and dates of Orthodox holidays.

In another embodiment of the calendar device for use in mechanical watches with a calendar or in other devices with a time cycle set in the design equal to one year, or with a controlled element for manually setting the current year, the device is additionally equipped with disk position locks on the axis and means bringing the disks into motion, made, for example, in the form of a wheel with pins with the possibility of their engagement with the teeth of the disks.

Moreover, the calendar device is equipped with an additional transparent disk or disk with slots and scales on its surface with the dates of Orthodox Easter and the dates of Orthodox holidays.

For this embodiment, the device comprises two disks with marks and a disk with an Orthodox Easter date scale mounted on the axis, while disks with marks are made with the possibility of rotation around the axis, aligning marks on disks and indicating the combined date of Orthodox Easter on the Orthodox date scale Easter, and the disc with the Orthodox Easter date scale contains the Orthodox Easter date scale according to the Julian calendar (old style) and / or the Orthodox Easter date scale according to the Gregorian calendar (new style).

In addition, the disc with the date scale of Orthodox Easter is additionally equipped with the date scales of Orthodox holidays associated with the date of Orthodox Easter, in particular Forgiveness Sunday, the beginning of Great Lent, Palm Sunday, Ascension of the Lord, Trinity (Pentecost) or the beginning of Petrov Lent.

When implementing the invention, the technical result is also achieved by the fact that the date of Orthodox Easter according to the Julian calendar and / or Gregorian calendar is determined by dividing the number of the year by 28 and 19, then the remainder of the division determines the date of Orthodox Easter according to the Julian calendar (old style) and / or according to the Gregorian calendar (new style)

In this case, the date of Orthodox Easter is determined in the calendar device described above, which contains two disks mounted on the axis of the disc with marks and the date scale of Orthodox Easter, by turning the disks around the axis, combining the marks on the disks and indicating the combined date of the Orthodox Easter on the date scale of Orthodox Easter, or determined by Table No. 3.

Table number 3 The remainder of dividing the number of the year by 28 The remainder of dividing the number of the year by 19 Orthodox Easter date according to the Julian calendar (old style) Orthodox Easter date according to the Gregorian calendar (new style) (until 2100) 5, 11, 16, 22 fifteen March 22 April, 4 4, 10, 21, 27 4.15 March 23 5th of April 9, 15, 22, 26 4.15 March 24 April 6th 3, 8, 14, 25 4, 12, 15 March 25 April 7th 2, 13, 19, 24 1, 4, 12, 15 26 March April 8th 1, 7, 12, 18 1, 4, 12, 15 March 27th April 9th 0, 6, 17, 23 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 March 28 April 10th 5, 11, 16, 22 1, 4, 9, 12 March 29 April 11th 4, 10, 21, 27 1, 9, 12, 17 March 30 April 12th 9, 15, 22, 26 1, 6, 9, 12, 17 March 31 April 13th 3, 8, 14, 25 1, 6, 9, 17 April 1st 14th of April 2, 13, 19, 24 6, 9, 14, 17 April 2 April 15th 1,7, 12, 18 3, 6, 9, 14, 17 April 3 April 16th 0, 6, 17, 23 3, 6, 14, 17 April, 4 April 17th 5, 11, 16, 22 3, 6, 11, 14, 17 5th of April April 18th 4, 10, 21, 27 0, 3, 6, 11, 14 April 6th April 19th 9, 15, 22, 26 0, 3, 11, 14 April 7th 20 April 3, 8, 14, 25 0, 3, 8, 11, 14 April 8th The 21st of April 2, 13,19, 24 0, 3, 8, 11 April 9th April 22 1, 7, 12, 18 0, 8, 11, 16 April 10th April 23 0, 6, 17, 23 0, 5, 8, 11, 16 April 11th April 24th 5, 11, 16, 22 0, 5, 8, 16 April 12th 25th of April 4, 10, 21, 27 5, 8, 16 April 13th 26 April 9, 15, 22, 26 2, 5, 8, 13, 16 14th of April April 27th 3, 8, 14, 25 2, 5, 13, 16 April 15th April 28th 2, 13, 19, 24 2, 5, 10, 13, 16 April 16th April 29th 1, 7, 12, 18 2, 5, 10, 13 April 17th April 30 0, 6, 17, 23 2, 10, 13, 18 April 18th May 1 5, 11, 16, 22 2, 7, 10, 13, 18 April 19th May 2 4, 10, 21, 27 2, 7, 10, 13, 18 20 April May 3 9, 15, 22, 26 7, 10, 18 The 21st of April May 4th 3, 8, 14, 25 7, 10, 18 April 22 5 May 2, 13, 19, 24 7, 18 April 23 the 6th of May 1, 7, 12, 18 7, 18 April 24th May 7th 0, 6, 17, 23 7 25th of April May 8th

So, for example, dividing 2005 by 28, we get the remainder of the number 17.

2005, when divided by 19 in the remainder, gives the number 10.

Having found these residues in columns 1 and 2 in one row of Table No. 3, we get the Orthodox Easter date for 2005 according to the Julian calendar (old style) on April 18 or according to the Gregorian calendar (new style) on May 1.

Similarly, the same results can be obtained on line 28 in Table No. 2.

When determining the date of Orthodox Easter for 2005 manually on the above calendar device according to the invention (Figs. 1, 2, 3), it is necessary to combine in a vertical position along line 9 tooth 17 (beam 17) on disk 1 with tooth 10 (beam 10) on disk 2, while the compatible marks at point 8 on disk 1 and disk 2 will indicate on the scale 6 the date of the Orthodox Easter on April 18 according to the Julian calendar (old style) or on the scale 7 the date of the Orthodox Easter on May 1 on the Gregorian calendar (new style).

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows an image of a preferred embodiment of the disk 1 with marks in the form of a gear with 28 teeth, sequentially numbered clockwise from 0 to 27.

Figure 2 shows the image of the preferred embodiment of the disk 2 with marks in the form of a gear with 19 teeth, sequentially numbered clockwise from 0 to 18.

Figure 3 shows the disks 1 and 2 aligned on the same axis, while it is shown that when combining the corresponding beams (tooth tips) on the disks along line 9, one of the marks on disk 1 is aligned with one of the marks on disk 2 at point 8 , which shows the date of Orthodox Easter according to the Julian calendar (old style) on a scale of 6 dates of Orthodox Easter according to the Julian calendar (Old style) or the date of Orthodox Easter according to the Gregorian calendar (new style) on a scale of 7 dates of Orthodox Easter according to the Gregorian calendar (new style )

Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the calendar device according to the invention for watches or other devices with a calendar mechanism with a time cycle defined in the design, which shows disk 1 and disk 2 mounted on one axis 3 and aligned along line 9 with two marks aligned in point 8, indicating the date of Orthodox Easter according to the Julian calendar (old style) on a scale of 6 or according to the Gregorian calendar (new style) on a scale of 7, means for fixing the position of the disks 10 and 11 and an additional gear wheel 12 with pins 4 and 5 to rotate the disks 1 and 2 during rotation of the gear wheel 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention allows you to always determine the date of Orthodox Easter according to the Julian calendar (old style), since the Orthodox Church lives precisely according to the Julian calendar.

Determining the Easter date in a new style, that is, in accordance with the generally accepted Gregorian calendar in the world, is possible subject to the creation and additional installation of an additional device for the perpetual conversion of “date according to the old style” to “date according to the new style” or additional specially designed for 100 years of the scale (provided for in the drawings of the device).

Such complications are due to the fact that, in contrast to the Julian calendar, there are exceptions in the Gregorian calendar regarding the onset of leap years, that is, every multiple 100th (but not 400th) leap year in the Gregorian calendar is not such.

Depending on the time of introduction and use of the Gregorian calendar, the correction in days of the calendar compared to the Julian calendar is:

1582-1700 (until February 28) - 10 days;

1700 (from March 1) - 1800 (until February 28) - 11 days;

1800 (from March 1) - 1900 (until February 28) - 12 days;

1900 (from March 1) - 2100 (until February 28) - 13 days.

The mechanical calendar device for determining the date of Orthodox Easter in the simplest, preferred embodiment (Fig. 4) contains two discs with labels in certain places mounted on the same axis, scale 6 with the dates of Orthodox Easter according to the Julian calendar (old style) and an additional scale 7 with the dates of Orthodox Easter according to the Gregorian calendar (new style), as well as additional scales with the dates associated with the date of the Orthodox Easter passing Orthodox Church holidays.

Drives 1 and 2 with marks are made with the possibility of their rotation around a single axis 3, aligning marks at point 8 on the discs along line 9 and indicating the combined marks at point 8 on line 9 of the date of Orthodox Easter on a scale of 6 or on a scale of 7.

It is well known that the dates of the remaining six rolling Orthodox holidays are in simple dependence on the date of Easter. This dependency is as follows:

1) "date of Easter" - 48 days = "date of Forgiveness Sunday"

2) "date of Easter" - 47 days = "date of the beginning of Great Lent"

3) "date of Easter" - 7 days = "date of Palm Sunday"

4) "date of Easter" + 39 days = "date of the Ascension of the Lord"

5) "date of Easter" + 49 days = "date of the Trinity (Pentecost)"

6) "date of Easter" + 57 days = "date of the beginning of Petrov Lent"

Thus, for an additional indication of the dates of these rolling Orthodox holidays when using the invention, it is sufficient to establish additional scales with the corresponding dates of the passing Orthodox holidays in the corresponding places where the marks are combined at point 8 on disks 1 and 2.

In the manufacture of the calendar device according to the invention, on the surface of the disk 1 (Fig. 1), 35 concentric circles with centers coinciding with the center of the disk are applied in equal sequence, and 28 rays are also directed from the center of the disk to the circle (tops of the teeth) with the division of the surface of the disk 1 into 28 equal sectors. At certain points of intersection of the rays and concentric circles, visually defined marks are made in the form of through holes, opaque or colored dots. The location of the marks on disk 1 is determined by Table No. 2, where the number of the concentric circle is indicated in the first column, and the number of the beam on disk 1 in the second column, which coincides with the remainder of dividing the year by 28.

On the surface of the disk 2 (Fig. 2), as on the disk 1, 35 concentric circles with the centers coinciding with the center of the disk are identically applied in equal sequence, but on the disk 2, 19 rays are applied from the center of the disk with the division of the surface of the disk 2 into 19 equal sectors. At certain points of intersection of the rays and concentric circles on the disk 2, visually detectable marks are made in the form of through holes, opaque or colored dots. The location of the marks on disk 2 is determined by Table No. 2, where the number of the concentric circle is indicated in the first column and the number of the beam on disk 2 in the third column, which coincides with the remainder of dividing the year by 19.

The rays on the disk 1 and on the disk 2 can be performed in the radial direction, that is, in a straight line from the centers of the disks to their circumference (Figs. 1, 2), and the rays can be performed along the curves emanating from the centers of the disks.

The use of curved rays makes it possible to increase the length of the rays and to distribute marks on the rays with large gaps on them, but this complicates the technology of applying rays on the surface of the disks and can be useful in the manufacture of relatively small disks, for example, in the manufacture of calendar devices according to the invention for their use in wrist or pocket watch mechanisms.

The calendar device according to the invention for determining the date of Orthodox Easter may also contain various converters known in design for converting a position indication into a directional or scale indication.

This calendar device is intended mainly for manually determining the date of Orthodox Easter or for devices with a time cycle set in the design equal to one year, for example, for watches with a built-in calendar, where there is a month indicator or just a wheel making 1 movement per year or containing a managed item to set the current year manually. In this case, it is necessary that the calendar device receives a source of constant movement or indicates the Easter date for the manually entered year.

For example, in a watch where there is a source of constant movement that will synchronously shift the disks 1 and 2 times a year, from December 31 of the last year to January 1 of the next year, the wheel of the year will be shifted in the watch or the wheel of the months will be shifted for the next 12th time that is, if the year number changes, then the indications of the used calendar device according to the invention will change so that the compatible marks at point 8 will move along line 9 relative to scale 6 and / or scale 7 and will indicate the date and month of the date of Orthodox Easter for the current year ( figure 3, figure 4).

In another case, when this calendar device will not have a source of forced movement, you must enter the year number manually, in other words, the calendar device will show the date of Orthodox Easter for the entered year.

Disks 1 and 2 and other parts of the calendar device could be made of steel, brass, aluminum, plastic, plexiglass, glass and other hard wear-resistant sheet materials using drilling, milling or turning machines with program or manual control widely used for such purposes. In this case, a prerequisite in the manufacture of disks 1 and 2 is the accuracy of marking (making holes) on the disks in certain places, due to the possible high density of the marks on the disks with possible relatively small sizes of disks and correspondingly small gaps between concentric circles on them, otherwise, if the marks on the discs are inaccurate or incorrect, the date may be incorrectly determined and errors may occur while reading on the date scales.

In the simplest "manual" version of the device’s design, for example, when it is implemented with the possibility of using it directly in the user's hands and the ability to move the disks relative to each other by hands, to place scales with Orthodox Easter dates on the Julian and Gregorian calendar and scales with rolling dates and associated with the Easter date of church holidays, one more additional coaxial transparent disk or a disk with slots parallel to the rays on one of the disks can be used for To place the scales of the corresponding dates on it.

At the same time, the date scales in the calendar device according to the invention, when they are used, should be parallel or along the only selected ray, relative to which the corresponding rays on discs 1 and 2 are combined, since it is then possible to obtain the required correct date indications, despite the fact that on other beams at the same time, marks on discs 1 and 2 in other places may also coincide.

In addition, in another simple embodiment (Fig. 3), two coaxial disks with teeth (28 and 19) are used at the bottom and an additional disk with a scale at the top. If the vertices of the corresponding teeth coincide with their rays and on the upper disk we have a mark relative to the line or axis of the scale, then, having determined the necessary numbers of rays (teeth) on the disks and aligning the vertices of these teeth with a mark relative to the line or axis of the corresponding scale, we will get the desired date Orthodox Easter or the date of the passing Orthodox holiday.

An embodiment of the calendar device according to the invention for complex mechanical watches with a built-in calendar and other devices with a time cycle specified in the design (Fig. 4) comprises a wheel with 28 teeth (Fig. 1) and marks in a certain order, for example, made in the form of through holes, a wheel with 19 teeth (Fig. 2) with seven holes applied in a specific order and arranged in groups of seven, an axle 3 on which wheels 1 and 2 are fixed (Fig. 3), a pin 4 for a wheel with 28 teeth, pin 5 for wheel with 19 teeth (figure 5), a scale of 6 according to the old style (Julian calendar) and an additional scale of 7 and according to the new style (Gregorian calendar) on the dial, matching marks at point 8, indicating the date of Orthodox Easter, which for different years may move along line 9, taken as the basis for comparison for matching marks on discs 1 and 2. When this version of the calendar device is working, the latches 10 and 11 for gears 1 and 2 and the number of gears already in the clock mechanism are used from 12 months to pins 4 and 5 (Figure 4).

When using the calendar device according to the invention in a watch with a calendar, the date scales of Orthodox Easter according to the Julian and Gregorian calendar and the date scales of passing and associated with the date of Easter church Orthodox holidays can be placed directly on the watch dial.

The calendar device in the clockwork and other devices with a specified time cycle in the design (figure 4) works as follows:

Two gear discs 1 and 2 are installed on the same axis 3 in the clock mechanism, which, due to shocks from pins 4 and 5, are annually synchronously shifted one tooth counterclockwise, because initially, the wheel of 12 months annually makes a counterclockwise movement, due to which wheels 1 and 2 will rotate.

The display of the date of Orthodox Easter on the watch dial should be programmed to match the hole marks 8 on the only possible beam 9 while displacing the disks 1 and 2. Through the disk 2 or through the hole on the disk 2, you can see the hole or mark on the disk 1. At the same time the readings can be not only the Easter date according to the old style on a scale of 6, that is, according to the Julian calendar, which the Orthodox Church recognizes, but also the date of Orthodox Easter according to the new style, that is, according to the generally accepted Gregorian calendar endaryu by additional scale 7.

The design of the calendar device for the clockwork consists of only six parts, unlike, for example, the calendar device of the Caliber 89 "Patek Philippe", where the design of the calendar device consists of several dozen parts.

Thus, the calendar device according to the invention with a simple and accurate determination of dates has increased reliability in use.

The calendar device for the eternal determination of the date of Orthodox Easter and associated rolling dates of Orthodox holidays according to the Julian calendar (old style) used in the Orthodox Church and the Gregorian calendar (new style) is based on the use of a new algorithm for determining dates, has a new, previously unknown design and new the interconnection of structural elements with each other, provides the possibility of direct presentation and visual perception in a simple and accessible form of passing AT Orthodox Easter and the associated dates transitioning Orthodox holidays, and also allows you to create simple and reliable mechanical calendar device for hours and other devices with a given design cycle time equal to one year, or with a controllable element to set the current year by hand.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Bedim S.A., Maddison F.R. The Astrarium Giovanni de'Dondi. - Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 1966, vol. 56, pt 5 .; The Dondi clock magnificent reproduction of the World's. First astronomical clock made in London and on Show at the Science Museum. - Horol. J., 1961, vol. 103, N 1233; Mechanical universe: The astrarium of Giovanni de 'Dondi (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society) by Silvio A Bedini. Publisher: American Philosophical Society (1966); Giovanni de Dondi's horological masterpiece, 1364 by Herbert Alan Lloyd. Publisher: s.n (1955); The planetarium of Giovanni de Dondi citizen of Padua: A manuscript of 1397 (Monograph - Antiquarian Horological Society: no.9, by Giovanni Dondi dall'Orologio. Publisher: Antiquarian Horological Society (1974).

2. Astronomical clock of the Strasbourg Cathedral. - World. illustration, 1870, t.4 No. 100; Ungerer A. L'horloge astronomique de la cathedrale du Stasbourg. P., 1922; Ungerer A. Les Horloges astronomiques et monumentales les plus remarquables de I'antiquite jusqu. Strasbourg, 1931; V.N. Pipunyrov "History of watches from ancient times to the present day", "Science" 1982, p. 150.

3. http://www.ateliera.dk/olsen.htm; Mortensen Jens Olsen's clock: a technical description (1957). Mortensen, Otto. Jens Olsen's Clock. Copenhagen; Technological Institute: (1957), A Jens Olsen's world clock (1958).

4. Patent CH 649673, 1985-06-14 G04B 19/24 H, G04B 19/26 (prototype for the device).

5. Encyclopedic Dictionary "Christianity". Ed. under the editorship of S.S. Averintseva, Moscow: BDT, 1995, p. 311-314.

6. Calendar for 1872, ed .: Holy Russia. Historical calendar almanac. M., 2000.

Claims (13)

1. Calendar device for determining the date of Orthodox Easter, characterized in that the device contains a date scale for Orthodox Easter and two mounted on the axis of the disc with marks made with the possibility of their rotation around the axis, combining marks on the discs and indicating the combined date stamps of Orthodox Easter on a scale Orthodox Easter dates, the marks on the disks are applied at the intersection of 35 concentric circles arranged in equal sequence with the centers coinciding with the center of the axis of the disks, 28 rays on one disk and 19 rays on another disk, respectively dividing the disks into equal sectors, the disks are made in the form of gears, with the number of teeth equal to the number of rays on the disks and the location of the tips of the teeth at the points of intersection of the rays on the disks with the edges of the disks, so that one disk with 28 rays accordingly, it contains 28 teeth, sequentially numbered according to the numbering of rays from 0 to 27, and another disk with 19 rays, respectively, contains 19 teeth, sequentially numbered respectively the numbering of rays from 0 to 18, the date scale Orthodox Easter was performed located parallel to or along the line of one of the rays on the disks, and the marks on the disks and the dates of Orthodox Easter are located at the corresponding intersection points of the concentric circles and the rays on the disks and corresponding places on the date scale of Orthodox Easter, determined by the table Sequence number of circles on disks The remainder of dividing the number of the year by 28 and the serial number of the beam and tooth on the disk with 28 rays The remainder of dividing the year number by 19 and the serial number of the beam and tooth on the disk with 19 rays Orthodox Easter date according to the Julian calendar (old style) Orthodox Easter date according to the Gregorian calendar (new style) (until 2100) one 5, 11, 16, 22 fifteen March 22 April, 4 2 4, 10, 21, 27 4.15 March 23 5th of April 3 9, 15, 22, 26 4, 15 March 24 April 6th four 3, 8, 14, 25 4, 12, 15 March 25 April 7th 5 2, 13, 19,24 1, 4, 12, 15 26 March April 8th 6 1, 7, 12, 18 1, 4, 12, 15 March 27th April 9th 7 0, 6, 17, 23 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 March 28 April 10th 8 5, 11, 16, 22 1, 4, 9, 12 March 29 April 11th 9 4, 10, 21, 27 1, 9, 12, 17 March 30 April 12th 10 9, 15, 22, 26 1, 6, 9, 12, 17 March 31 April 13th eleven 3, 8, 14, 25 1, 6, 9, 17 April 1st 14th of April 12 2, 13, 19, 24 6, 9, 14, 17 April 2 April 15th 13 1, 7, 12, 18 3, 6, 9, 14, 17 April 3 April 16th fourteen 0, 6, 17, 23 3, 6, 14, 17 April, 4 April 17th fifteen 5, 11, 16, 22 3, 6, 11, 14, 17 5th of April April 18th 16 4, 10, 21, 27 0, 3, 6, 11, 14 April 6th April 19th 17 9, 15, 22, 26 0, 3, 11, 14 April 7th 20 April eighteen 3, 8, 14, 25 0, 3, 8, 11, 14 April 8th The 21st of April 19 2, 13, 19, 24 0, 3, 8, 11 April 9th April 22 twenty 1, 7, 12, 18 0, 8, 11, 16 April 10th April 23 21 0, 6, 17, 23 0, 5, 8, 11, 16 April 11th April 24th 22 5, 11, 16, 22 0, 5, 8, 16 April 12th 25th of April 23 4, 10, 21, 27 5, 8, 16 April 13th 26 April 24 9, 15, 22, 26 2, 5, 8, 13, 16 14th of April April 27th 25 3, 8, 14, 25 2, 5, 13, 16 April 15th April 28th 26 2, 13, 19, 24 2, 5, 10, 13, 16 April 16th April 29th 27 1, 7, 12, 18 2, 5, 10, 13 April 17th April 30 28 0, 6, 17, 23 2, 10, 13, 18 April 18th May 1 29th 5, 11, 16, 22 2, 7, 10, 13, 18 April 19th May 2 thirty 4, 10, 21, 27 2, 7, 10, 13, 18 20 April May 3 31 9, 15, 22, 26 7, 10, 18 The 21st of April May 4th 32 3, 8, 14, 25 7, 10, 18 April 22 5 May 33 2, 13, 19, 24 7, 18 April 23 the 6th of May 34 1, 7, 12, 18 7, 18 April 24th May 7th 35 0, 6, 17, 23 7 25th of April May 8th 2. The calendar device according to claim 1, characterized in that the calendar device is provided with an Orthodox Easter date scale according to the Julian calendar (old style) and / or an Orthodox Easter date scale according to the Gregorian calendar (new style). 3. The calendar device according to claim 1, characterized in that the calendar device is additionally equipped with date scales located parallel to or along the line of one of the rays on the disks associated with the date of the Orthodox Easter of Orthodox holidays, for example: Forgiveness Sunday, the beginning of Great Lent, Palm Sunday, Ascension of the Lord, Trinity (Pentecost) or the beginning of the Peter Lent. 4. The calendar device according to claim 3, characterized in that the rays on the discs with marks are made radial or curved. 5. The calendar device according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the marks on the disks are made visually detectable, for example opaque, colored or in the form of through holes. 6. The calendar device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is configured to be installed in the watch mechanism with a built-in calendar. 7. The calendar device according to claim 6, characterized in that the device is additionally equipped with latches for positioning the disks on the axis and means for driving the disks, made, for example, in the form of a wheel with pins with the possibility of their engagement with the teeth of the disks. 8. The calendar device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is equipped with an additional transparent disk or a disk with slots and the scales of the dates of Orthodox Easter and the dates of Orthodox holidays located on their surface. 9. A calendar device for determining the date of Orthodox Easter, characterized in that the device contains two discs with labels mounted on the axis and a disc with an Orthodox Easter date scale, while the disk with the Orthodox Easter date scale and Orthodox holiday date scales is made transparent or with a slot along scales with the dates of Orthodox Easter or with slots along the date scales of Orthodox holidays, and discs with marks are made with the possibility of their rotation around the axis, combining marks on the discs and indicating compatible date stamps Orthodox Easter on the Orthodox Easter date scale, with the marks on the disks marked at the intersection of 35 concentric circles arranged in equal sequence with the centers coinciding with the center of the axis of the disks, 28 rays on one disk and 19 rays on another disk, respectively dividing the disks into equal sectors , the disks are made in the form of gears, with the number of teeth equal to the number of rays on the disks and the location of the tips of the teeth at the points of intersection of the rays on the disks with the edges of the disks, so that one disk with 28 rays contains 28 beats sequentially numbered according to ray numbering from 0 to 27, and another disk with 19 beams respectively contains 19 teeth sequentially numbered respectively by ray numbering from 0 to 18, the Orthodox Easter date scale is arranged parallel or along the line of one of the rays on the disks, and the marks on the disks and the dates of Orthodox Easter are located at the corresponding intersection points of the concentric circles and rays on the disks and the corresponding places on the date scale of Orthodox Easter, determined by the tables Sequence number of circles on disks The remainder of dividing the number of the year by 28 and the serial number of the beam and tooth on the disk with 28 rays The remainder of dividing the year number by 19 and the serial number of the beam and tooth on the disk with 19 rays Orthodox Easter date according to the Julian calendar (old style) Orthodox Easter date according to the Gregorian calendar (new style) (until 2100) one 5, 11, 16, 22 fifteen March 22 April, 4 2 4, 10, 21, 27 4, 15 March 23 5th of April 3 9, 15, 22, 26 4, 15 March 24 April 6th four 3, 8, 14, 25 4, 12, 15 March 25 April 7th 5 2, 13, 19, 24 1, 4, 12, 15 26 March April 8th 6 1, 7, 12, 18 1, 4, 12, 15 March 27th April 9th 7 0, 6, 17, 23 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 March 28 April 10th 8 5, 11, 16, 22 1, 4, 9, 12 March 29 April 11th 9 4, 10, 21, 27 1, 9, 12, 17 March 30 April 12th 10 9, 15, 22, 26 1, 6, 9, 12, 17 March 31 April 13th eleven 3, 8, 14, 25 1, 6, 9, 17 April 1st 14th of April 12 2, 13, 19, 24 6, 9, 14, 17 April 2 April 15th 13 1, 7, 12, 18 3, 6, 9, 14, 17 April 3 April 16th fourteen 0, 6, 17, 23 3, 6, 14, 17 April, 4 April 17th fifteen 5, 11, 16, 22 3, 6, 11, 14, 17 5th of April April 18th 16 4, 10, 21, 27 0, 3, 6, 11, 14 April 6th April 19th 17 9, 15, 22, 26 0, 3, 11, 14 April 7th 20 April eighteen 3, 8, 14, 25 0, 3, 8, 11, 14 April 8th The 21st of April 19 2, 13, 19, 24 0, 3, 8, 11 April 9th April 22 twenty 1, 7, 12, 18 0, 8, 11, 16 April 10th April 23 21 0, 6, 17, 23 0, 5, 8, 11, 16 April 11th April 24th 22 5, 11, 16, 22 0, 5, 8, 16 April 12th 25th of April 23 4, 10, 21, 27 5, 8, 16 April 13th 26 April 24 9, 15, 22, 26 2, 5, 8, 13, 16 14th of April April 27th 25 3, 8, 14, 25 2, 5, 13, 16 April 15th April 28th 26 2, 13, 19, 24 2, 5, 10, 13, 16 April 16th April 29th 27 1, 7, 12, 18 2, 5, 10, 13 April 17th April 30 28 0, 6, 17, 23 2, 10, 13, 18 April 18th May 1 29th 5, 11, 16, 22 2, 7, 10, 13, 18 April 19th May 2 thirty 4, 10, 21, 27 2, 7, 10, 13, 18 20 April May 3 31 9, 15, 22, 26 7, 10, 18 The 21st of April May 4th 32 3, 8, 14, 25 7, 10, 18 April 22 5 May 33 2,13, 19, 24 7, 18 April 23 the 6th of May 34 1, 7, 12, 18 7, 18 April 24th May 7th 35 0, 6, 17, 23 7 25th of April May 8th 10. The calendar device according to claim 9, characterized in that the disc with the Orthodox Easter date scale contains the Orthodox Easter date scale according to the Julian calendar (old style) and / or the Orthodox Easter date scale according to the Gregorian calendar (new style). 11. The calendar device according to claim 9, characterized in that the disc with the date scale of Orthodox Easter is additionally equipped with date scales of Orthodox holidays associated with the date of Orthodox Easter, for example, Forgiveness Sunday, the beginning of Great Lent, Palm Sunday, Ascension of the Lord, Trinity (Pentecost ) or the beginning of the Petrov Post. 12. The calendar device according to claim 11, characterized in that the date scale of the Orthodox Easter and the date scale of the Orthodox holidays are made parallel or along one or more rays on the disks. 13. The calendar device according to claim 9, characterized in that the marks on the disks are made visually detectable, for example opaque, colored or in the form of through holes.

Images